考研考博-英语-山东药品食品职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东药品食品职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Merdineisherownwoman,withanidentity___fromhermother’s.

问题1选项

A.discrete

B.distinctive

C.distinct

D.discreet

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discrete“离散的，不连续的”；B选项distinctive“独特的，有特色的；与众不同的（常用来说某个人或物具有独有的、区别于其他的特质）”；C选项distinct“明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的（用于描述两个或多个不同事物或事物群体）”；D选项discreet“谨慎的；小心的”。句意：玛丁是她自己的女人，有着与她母亲___的身份。本句表达“玛丁和她母亲两者的身份截然不同”。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Atthenews,thedemonstratorswhohadputtheforeigngoodsunderaboycottforseveralmonthsprotestedbut（）.

问题1选项

A.tonaught

B.tonothing

C.tonoavail

D.tovoid

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:naught“无价值”；B:nothing“无”；C:noavail“无效”；D:void“空虚，空间”。句意：新闻中那些连续几个月联合抵制国外商品的示烕者一直在抗议，但是没有用。结合词义，C为正确答案。

3.单选题

Opinionpollsurveysshowthatthepublicseescientistsinaratherunflatteringlight.

Commonlythescientistisalsoseenasbeingmale.Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female".

Theimagemostpeoplehaveofscienceandscientistscomesfromtheirownexperienceofschoolscience,andfromthemassmedia_ScienceteachersthemselvesSeeitasaproblemthatsomanyschoolpupilsfindschoolscienceanunsatisfyingexperience,thoughoverthelastfewyearsmoreandmorepupils,includinggirls,haveoptedforsciencesubjects.

Inspiteofexcellentdocumentaries,andsomegoodpopularsciencemagazines,scientificmodesinthemediastillusuallyalternatebetweenmiracleandscientificthreat.Thepopularstereotypeofscienceislikethemagicoffairytales:ithaspotentialforenormousgoodorawfulharm.Popularfictionisfullof“good”scientistssavingtheworld,and"mad"scientiststryingtodestroyit.

Fromallthemanyscientificstorieswhichmightbegivenmediatreatment,thosewhicharechosenareusuallythosewhichcanbeframedintermsoftheusualnewsangles:novelty,threat,conflictorthebizarre.Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities(asinembryoresearch),threateningpublichealth(asinweaponsresearch),orfightingitoutwitheachother(ingivingevidenceatpublicenquiriessuchasthoseheldontheissuesconnectedwithnuclearpower).

Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproduct

ofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible.Afurthereffectofthisisthatsciencecomestobeseenasathinginitself:akindofunpredictableforceatideofscientificprogress.

Itisnosuchthing,ofcourse.Scienceiswhatscientistsdo;whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates,andwhatisclonewiththeirworkdependsverymuchonwhohasthepowertochangetheirdiscoveriesintotechnology,andwhattheirinterestsare.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ordinary-peoplehaveapooropinionofscienceandscientistspartlybecause（

）.

2.Fewergirlsthanboysstudysciencebecause

（

）.

3.Mediatreatmentofsciencetendstoconcentrateon

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,over-personalizationofscientificworkwillleadscience

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatascientistdoes（

）.

问题1选项

A.ofthemisleadingofthemedia

B.opinionpollsareunflattering.

C.scientistsareshownnegativelyinthemedia

D.science,isconsideredtobedangerous

问题2选项

A.theythinkthatscienceistoodifficult

B.theyareoftenunsuccessfulinscienceatschool

C.scienceisseenasaman’sjob

D.scienceisconsideredtobetedious

问题3选项

A.theroutineeverydayworkofscientists

B.discoveriesthatthepublicwillunderstand

C.themoresensationalaspectsofscience

D.thesatisfactionsofscientificwork

问题4选项

A.isolationfromtherestoftheworld

B.improvementsonschoolsystem

C.associationwith"femaleness"

D.troubleharecruitingyoungtalent

问题5选项

A.shouldbeattributedtohisindividualgenius

B.dependsonthecoordinationofthesociety

C.showshisindependentpower

D.isunpredictable

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第三段提到人们对于科学的认知大多来源于他们在学校关于最科学的学习以及大众媒体。文章第五段和第六段讲述了大众媒体对科学工作的负面描述和夸大（Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork），因而导致了人们对科学和科学家们有误解，选项A符合题意。

2.文章第二段第二句Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female"提到看为什么大部分科学家是男性，女性很少的原因，因为她们认为科学就是男性的工作，因此选项C符合题意。

3.文章第五段Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities,threateningpublichealth,orfightingitoutwitheachother提到媒体关注的重点不再是科学实验这些繁琐的工作，而是将关注点放在科学家们没有公共道德情感、危害公众健康或者相互争斗等等，选项C符合题意。

4.文章第六段第一句Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproductofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible提到大众媒体将科学工作过分私人化。作者认为如果脱离了社会组织，科学工作将无法进行。选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到科学家们的工作是为了促进社会的进步whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates，因此他们依靠的是整个社会的协作，选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.

ThatisasignificantshiftinBritain.ForyearsownersoccupyahigherpercentageofhomesinBritainthanintheUnitedStates,France,orGermany.OnereasonhomeownershipissoattractiveinBritainisbecausepropertyvaluesdroppedlessdrasticallythanintheUnitedStates,inpartbecauseofashortageinhousing.Pricesinsomelargecities,includingLondon,haveevenincreasedrecently.Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund,saidAndrewHull,researchfellowattheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch.“Homeownershipisalsoculturallyentrenched,”hesaid.“Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.”

Thebigshifttowardhomeownershipcameinthe1980swhenMrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy,whichallowedmanyinrentedgovernmenthousingtobuytheirhomes.Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.UnlikeGermanyandotherContinentalEuropeancountries,Britain’sprivaterentalmarketishighlyfragmented,withmanylandlordsandlawsthatgenerallyfavorthepropertyowner.Mostleasesareforsixmonthsonly,withlandlordsrarelyagreeingtocommittolongerterms;thismakesrentinghighlyinsecure.

Butasthepainofgovernment-imposedausteritysinksindisposableincomehasshrunkandloanrequirementhavetoughened,forcingmoreandmoreBritonsintorentingratherthanbuying.Overthelast10yearsthenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod,accordingtotheOfficeforNationalStatistics.Risingdemandhaspusheduprentsbyanaverageof4.4percentoverthelastyear,accordingtoLSLPropertyService.InLondonrentsincreased7.8percent.

“Agrowingnumberofyoungwould—bebuyersarepreparingforlifelong-renting—bynecessityratherthanchoice,”saidJonathanMoore,directorofeasyroommate.co.uk,apropertyWebsite.CharlotteAshton,30,haslivedinrentedaccommodationseversincesheleftherparent’shometoattenduniversity.Shesaidshewassavingforadownpaymenttobuyherownhome.“Idobelieveinthefundamentalsofowningbricksandmortarassecurityforthefuture,morethanleavingmymoneyinthebanksasalowinterestrate”,saidMs.Ashton,whoworksinpublicrelations.“Butnowitseemsunlessyouhaveaverywellpaidjobandarewillingtosaveeverypenny,it’sunfeasibletobuywithoutthehelpofthebankofMumandDad.”

Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods,AlisonBlackwell,aresearchdirectorattheNationalCenterforSocialResearchandauthoroftheHalifaxreportsaid.Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.

36.ForBritishpeople,buyinghouseis________.

37.Mrs.Thatcher’sright-to-buypolicyhasledto________.

38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGenerationRentistrue?

39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

40.Morepeople’sinclinationtorentratherthanbuyahousewillnot________.

问题1选项

A.adistantgoal

B.asymbolofsuccess

C.acompulsorychoice

D.nothingbutaninvestment

问题2选项

A.thehomeownershipbust

B.theeconomicrecovery

C.thehomeownershipboom

D.theeconomicrecession

问题3选项

A.Theyconsiderrentingasalifelongplanratherthanatemporarychoice.

B.Theyareinfaceofeconomicdownturnandariskofearlyretirement.

C.Theydespisetheideaofaskingparentsformoneytobuyhouse.

D.Theystillbelieveintheblessingofhousejustliketheirpreviousgeneration.

问题4选项

A.therentalmarketandthebuyingmarketalwaysdevelopinreversedirection

B.itisimpossibleforthefirst-timebuyerstogetamortgageundercurrenteconomicsituation

C.buyinghouseisamoreprofitableinvestmentthanbuyingfundundercurrenteconomicsituation

D.Britain’srealestatemarketislessvolatilethanthatofotherEuropeancountries

问题5选项

A.enlargethewealthdisparitybetweenthehavesandhavenots

B.reducetherenter’scommitmenttothecommunity

C.slowtherecoveryofeconomy

D.curbsocialmobility

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】36.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.（拥有房子是证明成功的主要方式。），可知B选项“成功的象征”正确。A选项“遥远的目标”：根据第一段第一句ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.（对于英国的很多年轻人来说，拥有住房变得越来越难，这被视为一个遥远的目标，如果能实现，也是在晚年。），可知这是对于英国年轻人来说而不是普遍的英国人，故错误。C选项“必须的选择”：文章没有提到，故错误。D选项“除了投资，什么用处都没有”：Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund（人们仍认为住房是比养老基金更好、更安全的投资选择），这里没有说买房只有投资这一个用处，故错误。因此B选项正确。

37.事实细节题。根据第三段第一、二句Mrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy…Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.（撒切尔夫人颁布了购房权政策……大约售出了200万套房子，收入达数百亿英镑。），可知撒切尔夫人的政策促进许多人买房，所以C选项“很多人买房”正确，A选项“不能买房”错误。B选项“经济复苏”和D选项“经济衰退”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

38.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”（一些经济学家担心，随着越来越多的人被迫等待买房，可能会扩大房主和非房主之间已经存在的贫富差距，危及日益壮大的被他们称为“租房一代”的年轻人的退休前景），可知租房一代手里可能会更没有钱，退休也会受到影响，所以B选项“他们面临着经济水平下降和提前退休的风险”正确；他们被迫等待着买房，说明还是想要快一点买到房，故A选项“他们认为租房是一生的计划，而不是暂时的选择”错误。C选项“他们鄙视向父母借钱买房的想法”和D选项“他们像上一辈一样仍然相信房子带来的荣誉”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

39.推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.（大约200万套房子被售出，收入达数百亿英镑。与此同时，租赁市场变得越来越缺乏吸引力。）和第四段第二、三句thenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod（拥有住房的人数从70%下降到了67%。同时，私人租房的人数从10%上升到了16%。），可知买房和租房的此消彼长，所以A选项“租赁市场和购买市场总是朝着相反的方向发展”正确。B选项“在目前的经济形势下，首次购房者不可能获得抵押贷款”，C选项“在目前的经济形势下，买房是比买基金更有利可图的投资”和D选项“英国的房地产市场比其他欧洲国家的不稳定”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

40.推理判断题。根据第六段倒数第二句Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.（租房者往往较少参与当地社区，因为他们被迫搬家更频繁。），频繁搬家不会抑制社会流动性，所以D选项“抑制社会流动性”正确。A选项“扩大富人和穷人之间的财富差距”：根据第六段第一句asmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners（随着越来越多的人被迫等待买房，可能会扩大房主和非房主之间已经存在的贫富差距）可知更多人租房会这会拉大贫富差距，符合文章内容，故错误。B选项“削弱租赁者对社区的承诺”：根据第六段第二句Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods（这还可能对社区的凝聚力产生影响），可知更多人租房会降低社区凝聚力，符合文章内容，故错误。C选项“减缓经济复苏”：根据第六段最后一句Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.（而且，由于租房者倾向于节省开支以支付押金，所以整体经济可能会受到影响。），可知更多人租房会减缓经济发展，符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.翻译题

AsApplepreparestoreportwhat(analystsproject)maybethecompany’sfirstyear-over-yearquarterlyearningsdeclineinadecadeonTuesday,itisalsograpplingwithjitteryinvestorsandarecentshare-priceplungethathaswipedabout$280billionoffitsmarketcapitalizationsinceitsstockreachedahighof$702.10lastSeptember.

（1）MuchoftheinvestornervousnessisrootedinhowWallStreetistreatingandvaluingtheCupertino,Calif.,companyasatraditionalhardwaremaker.OnecampofanalystsandsomeinvestorssaidthereisstrongevidencethatAppleshouldbeviewedinadifferentlight:asasoftware–hardwarehybrid.

Thedistinctionmatters.Ifitcontinuestobeseenasahardwarebusiness,Apple’sstreak—drivenbyproductsliketheiPhoneandiPad—couldrunoutquicklyassmartphonesandtabletsgetcommoditizedandconsumertasteschange.（2）ItisalessonlearnedbycompanieslikeBlackBerry-makerResearchInMotionLtd.,whosetechhardwarewasquicklyeclipsedbyproductsfromAppleitself.

IfAppleisclassifiedasasoftware-hardwarehybrid,thecompanycouldbevaluedmorelikeInternetandsoftwaremakersthathaverecurringrevenuestreamsandthatoftentradeathigherprice-to-earningsratiosthanhardwarefirms.

“ThemarketviewsAppleasaconsumerhardwarecompanytiedtoproductcyclesthatdrivevolatilerevenueandearningsstreams,’’saysMorganStanleyanalystKatyHuberty.（3）Butthatviewisn’tcomplete,shesays,since“ApplecustomersbuyintoabrandthatofferseaseofusesimilartocompanieslikeAorenterprisecompanieslikeNetApp.”

AnApplespokesmandeclinedtocommentaheadofTuesday’searningreport.

WithWallStreetcategorizingAppleasahardwaremaker,investorsvaluethecompany—whichmadeanastounding$13billioninprofitsinthequarterendedinDecember—at8.6timesexpectedearningspershareforthenext12months.InvestorsarecurrentlyvaluingHewlett-PackardCo.,whichmade$1.2billioninprofitsduringitsmostrecentquarter,ataprice-to-earningsratioof5.6.TroubledPCmakerDellInc.,whosestockpriceinflatedaftersigningabuyoutdealearlierthisyear,tradesataP/Eratioof8.5.

Apple’sgrossmarginsarearound40%,animportant-measureofthecompany’sefficiencyatmakingmoney.ThatisroughlytwiceashighasH-P’sandDell’s.Applehascharacteristicsthatdifferfrommanyotherhardwarebusinesses.（4）ItscustomersoftenupgradetheirAppleproductsannually,farmorefrequentlythanthefour-yearPCupgradecyclestypicallyfoundattechhardwarebusinessesincludingHewlett-PackardorDell.WhileH-PandDellhavetriedbeefinguptheenterprisesoftwaresideoftheirbusiness,Apple’soperatingsystemandiTunessoftwareisalreadyubiquitous.（5）Applealsohasmorethan500millionaccountsforitsAppStoretiedtocreditcards—andacustomerbasetosellnewservicesto—givingitarecurringsoftwareandservicesrevenuestream.Appletookinrevenueof$3.7billionfromiTunesandothersoftwareandservicesinitslastquarter,or7%ofitstotalrevenue.

【答案】1.大部分投资者的紧张情绪源于华尔街将加州库比蒂诺的（苹果）公司定位和评价为传统硬件制造公司。

2.很多公司例如蓝莓制造商RIM公司都受到了教训，他们的硬件技术很快就被苹果自主研发的产品淘汰。

3.但是这种观点是不全面的，她说，因为“苹果用户购买的是一个品牌，它可以为他们提供类似于亚马逊或者NetAPP这样的企业所提供的便捷服务”。

4.该公司的用户经常会每年都更新他们的苹果产品，远远超过了包括惠普或戴尔在内的技术硬件企业中普遍存在的四年更新一次个人电脑的频率。

5.在它的APP商店里，苹果拥有超过5亿个绑定了信用卡的账户，以及一个可以销售新服务的客户群，这给它带来一个循环性软件和服务的收入流。

6.翻译题

Muchofthediscussionofenvironmentalproblemsinthepopularpressleavesthereaderwiththeimpressionthatmattershavebeengrowingsteadilyworse,andthatpollutionislargelyaproductoftheprofitsystemandmodernindustrialization.Thereareenvironmentalproblemstodaythatarebothenormousandpressing,butinfactpollutionisnothingnew.Medievalcitieswerepestholes—thestreetsandriverswerelitteredwithgarbageandtheairstankofrottingwastes.Atthebeginningoftheeighteenthcentury,aGermantravelerreportedthattogetaviewofLondonfromthetowerofSt.Paul’sCathedral,onehadtogetthereveryearlyinthemorningbeforetheairwasfullofcoalsmoke.Thepotentialdamagethatweareinflictingonourselvesandonoursurroundingsisveryrealandsubstantial.

【答案】大众报纸上关于环境问题的许多讨论给读者留下这样的印象：情况一直在不断恶化，污染很大程度上是利润制度和现代工业化的产物。今天的环境问题是巨大的和紧迫的，但事实上污染不是什么新鲜事。中世纪的城市就像瘟疫区——街道和河流上到处都是垃圾，空气中弥漫着腐烂废物的臭味。18世纪初，一位德国旅行者报告说，要想从圣保罗大教堂的塔上一览伦敦的风光，必须一大早赶到那里，赶在空气中弥漫着煤烟之前。我们对自己和周围环境造成的潜在伤害是非常真实和实质性的。

7.单选题

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareinterestedinarrangingtimeforexercisesand（

）toreleasethestresscausedbythefastpaceandpressureoftheirlives.

问题1选项

A.registration

B.illumination

C.mediation

D.meditation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。registration登记；挂号；illumination照明；阐明；mediation调解；调停；meditation冥想；沉思。句意：如今越来越多的人对安排时间锻炼和冥想感兴趣，为了释放生活的快节奏所带来的精神压力。只有D项符合题意。

8.单选题

Peoplearefascinatedtoseethatthemagicianmadeabigandtalldeer（）inaflash.

问题1选项

A.fade

B.shout

C.yield

D.vanish

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。A选项fade“消失”，侧重逐渐消失。例句：Somesaidthat,oncethisnoveltyhadwornoff,cinemawouldfadeaway.（有人说，一旦这种新鲜感消失，电影院就会消失。）；B选项shout“呼喊；大声说”；C选项yield“屈服，放弃”；D选项vanish“使不见，使消失”，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。例句：Hevanishedwithouttrace.（他消失得无影无踪。）。句意：看到魔术师使一只又大又高的鹿瞬间消失，人们都被迷住了。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.IthasstartedtoexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK.

B.Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas.

C.Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource.

D.IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury’stosellpetinsects.

问题2选项

A.Itmadehimfeelstrange.C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.

B.C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.B.

C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.B.Itwasreallyunforgettable.

D.Itwasapleasantsurprise.

问题3选项

A.Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats.

B.Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld.

C.Theyaremoretastythanbeef,chickenorpork.

D.Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads.

问题4选项

A.Itisapromisingindustry.

B.Itrequiresnewtechnology.

C.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Itsaveshugeamountsoflabour.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]EatGrubisBritain’sfirstnewfoodcompanythatbreakswesternfoodboundariesbyintroducingedibleinsectsasanewsourceoffood.AndSainsbury’sisthefirstUKsupermarkettostockthecompany’crunchyroastedcrickets.

Sainsbury’sinsiststhatsuchfoodisnojokeandcouldbeanew,sustainablesourceofprotein.Outofcuriosity,IpaidavisittoSainsbury’s.AsIputmyhandintoapacketofcricketswiththeirtinyeyesandlegs,theideaofonegoinginmymouthmademefeelalittlesick.[13]Butthefirstbitewasapleasantsurprise.Alittledryandlackingoftaste,butatleastawingdidn’tgetstuckinmythroat.Theroastedseasoninglargelyoverpoweredanyotherflavouralthoughtherewasslightlybitteraftertaste.Thetexturewascrunchy,butsmeltalittleofcatfood.EatGrubalsorecommendsthecricketsasatoppingfornoodles,soupsandsalads.

[14]Thecompanyboaststhatitsdriedcricketscontainmoreproteinthanbeef,chickenandpork,aswellasmineralslikeironandcalcium.Unliketheproductionofmeat,bugsdonotuseuplargeamountsofland,waterorfeed,and[15]insectfarmingalsoproducesfarfewergreenhousegases.However,despitetwobillionpeopleworldwidealreadysupplementingtheirdietwithinsects,“consumerdisgust”remainsalargebarrierinmanywesterncountries.I’mnotsurebugswillbecomeapopularsnackanytimesoon,butthey’redefinitelyfoodforthought.

12.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthefoodcompanyEatGrub?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问我们从这篇关于食品公司EatGrub的文章中能得知什么？录音开头提到，EatGrub引入食用昆虫作为新的食物来源，打破了西方食品的界限，由此可知C选项“它把某些昆虫变成了一种新的食物来源”正确。A选项“它已经开始扩展英国以外的业务”和B选项“从国外进口了一些异国食品”在录音中没有信息提及。D选项“它与Sainsbury’s联手出售宠物昆虫”主要是利用录音的Sainsbury’s设干扰，录音只是提到Sainsbury’s是英国第一家上货EatGrub脆烤蟋蟀的超市，没有说它与EatGrub联手，也未说到宠物昆虫，因此D选项不正确。

13.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthisfirstbitearoastedcrickets?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者对于他第一次咬烤蟋蟀说了什么？录音提到，第一口吃起来很惊喜，因此D选项“这是一个惊喜”符合录音原文。A选项“这让他觉得很奇怪”利用录音中的mademefeel设干扰，录音中说的是一想到有只蟋蟀会进到嘴里，就觉得有点恶心，而不是奇怪，因此A选项不正确；B选项“真的很难忘”在录音中没有提及；C选项“他的喉咙有点痛”利用录音中的throat设干扰，录音中说的是至少蟋蟀的翼没卡在说话人的喉咙里，并没有提到喉咙痛，因此不正确。

14.WhatdoesEatGrubsayaboutitsdriedcrickets?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是对于蟋蟀干，EatGrub怎么说？录音提到，该公司夸口说他们的蟋蟀干比牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉含有更多的蛋白质。牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉都属于传统肉类，因此A选项“它们比传统肉类含有更多的蛋白质”正确。B选项“它们很快就会在全世界流行起来”和C选项“它们比牛肉、鸡肉或猪肉好吃”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们比汤和沙拉更有营养”，利用录音中的soupsandsalads设干扰，录音只是说EatGrub还推荐蟋蟀作为面条、汤和沙拉的配料，并未指出哪个更有营养，因此D选项不正确。

15.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutinsectfarming?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于昆虫养殖，这篇文章的说法是什么？录音提到，昆虫养殖产生的温室气体少很多，由此可推断，昆虫养殖很环保，因此C选项“环保”正确。A选项“这是一个很有前途的行业”，录音结尾提到，尽管全世界有20亿人把昆虫作为补充的食物，但在很多西方国家，目前还有很大的阻碍。之后还提到，不确定虫子是否会成为一种受欢迎的零食，由此可推断昆虫养殖的前景并不是很乐观，因此A选项不正确；B选项“需要新技术”和D选项“节省大量劳动力”在录音中没有信息提及。

10.单选题

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

问题1选项

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

问题2选项

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

问题3选项

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

问题4选项

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

问题5选项

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening（这些视觉错觉之所以出现，是因为大脑不断地将身体的信号与现实情况相匹配，并解释即将发生的事情）可知C选项“在大脑中解释即将发生的事情”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors（在理想条件下，每个视锥都能“看到”整个彩虹光谱的可见色）可知选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.（视杆和视锥沿着视觉神经以平均20到25次的脉冲传递信息）可知D选项“沿视觉神经”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.（我们看到一个图像的时间比它实际出现的时间要长一秒。在电影中，静止的图像以每秒24帧的速度投射到屏幕上，使我们的眼睛误以为看到的是一幅连续不断运动的画面）可知A选项“我们看到的图像通常比实际显示的要长”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了视网膜中的视杆和视锥细胞，视杆细胞主要负责夜视，视锥细胞主要负责颜色，因此B选项“告诉我们眼睛器官的不同功能”符合题意。

11.单选题

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.Originally