考研考博-英语-安徽汽车职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽汽车职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded（

）.“Noconditionsherearedifferent.”

问题1选项

A.ambiguously

B.implicitly

C.unhesitatingly

D.optimistically

【答案】C

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。ambiguously“含糊不清地”；implicitly“含蓄地，暗中地”；unhesitatingly“不踌躇地，迅速地”；optimistically“乐观地”。句意：然而，当我问一位黑人政治家能否在法国获胜时，他毫无犹豫地回答说：“这里的情况没有什么不同”。选项C符合题意。

2.填空题

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisonepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.Markouttheerroneouspartandthenputthecorrectforminthebracketsfollowingthesentence.

36.Basingontheresearchoftheforeignlanguage,thispaperconcludesthewaystolearnEnglishwell.（）

37.Nations,sensingathreatoftheireconomies,triedtotakeactionstoprotectthemselves.（）

38.Thefundwasdesignedtoencouragingthegrowthofinternationaltradebystabilizingcurrencies.（）

39.Howmanylifeinsurancedoestheaveragepersonbuy?（）

40.SportsinAmericatakeavariousofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggles,athleticgamesandhuntingandfishing.（）

【答案】36.basing→based

37.economies→economy

38.encouraging→encourage

39.many→much

40.various→variety

【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。

37.这里的主语是nations“国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。

39.lifeinsurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用howmany修饰，应该把many改为much。

40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。

3.单选题

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（）.

问题1选项

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。tradition“传统，惯例”；transportation“运输，运输系统”；transmission“传动装置”；transformation“转化，转换，改革”。句意：20世纪见证了世界范围内政治、经济和文化的变革。D项符合题意。

4.单选题

Ifoundtherewasalotof（

）theftinthisarea.

问题1选项

A.petty

B.pretty

C.major

D.peril

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项petty“琐碎的，小规模的”；B选项pretty“漂亮的”；C选项major“主要的”；D选项peril“危及，置...于险境”。句意：我发现这个地区有很多小规模的偷盗行为。选项A更符合语境。

5.单选题

FamiliaritywithWesternweapons,theassistanceofEuropeanofficers,relianceuponsteamships,allgavehisarmygreatsuperiority（）theotherarmiesoftheperiod,includingthoseofthegovernment.

问题1选项

A.to

B.better

C.over

D.of

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。superiorityoversth.“比优越；比……优越”。句意：熟悉西方武器，欧洲官员的帮助以及蒸汽船的使用使得他的军队……当时的包括政府军队在内的其他军队。本句表达“他的军队比其他军队优越”。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社会等级)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

问题1选项

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

问题2选项

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

问题3选项

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

问题4选项

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

问题5选项

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。），可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确，B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误，时尚也不会存在于原始社会，D选项“在原始社会，人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿，反过来，这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。），这里指的是社会精英，可知社会精英引领时尚，C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”，B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道，一种时尚一旦推出，就注定要灭亡。），可知时尚会消亡，也就不是真实的，D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确，A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”：上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群，不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”：根据文章倒数第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（没有领导为运动提供有意识的方向），可知不符合文章内容。B选项“最终会发展成一个社会组织”和D选项“有一系列符号和价值”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人们自愿参加时尚运动，是对时尚强加给他们有趣而有力控制的一种响应。），可知时尚运动是一种对时尚的回应，他们通过时尚运动这种行为表达了对时尚的态度，B选项“是一种表达行为”正确。A选项“其功能与特定的社会运动相同”：根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），可知时尚运动和其他社会运动没有相同之处。C选项“可以提高参与者的士气”：根据第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他们没有树立起士气。），可知时尚运动不能提高士气。D选项“对人群行为的方式有很大的贡献”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Inoursocietytheunwrittenrulesofcommunicationdiscouragethedirectexpressionofemotions.Countthenumberofgenuineemotionalexpressionsyouhearoveratwo-or-three-dayperiodandyou’lldiscoverthatemotionalexpressionsarerare.Peoplearegenerallycomfortablemakingstatementsoffactandoftendelightinexpressingtheiropinions,buttheyrarelydisclosehowtheyfeel.

Notsurprisingly,theemotionsthatpeopledosharedirectlyareusuallypositive.Forexample,onestudyofmarriedcouplesrevealedthatthepartnerssharedflatteringfeelingsofface-savingones.Theyalsowillinglydisclosedbothpositiveandnegativefeelingsaboutabsentthirdparties.Ontheotherhand,thehusbandsandwivesrarelyexpressedface-threateningfeelingsofhostility.

Surprisingly,socialrulesevendiscouragetoomuchexpressionofpositivefeelings.AhugandkissforMotherisallright,thoughayoungmanshouldshakehandswithDad.Affectiontowardfriendsbecomeslessandlessfrequentaswegrowolder,sothatevenasimplestatementsuchas“Ilikeyou”isseldomheardbetweenadults.

Areviewofresearchonemotionalexpressionsupportstheculturalstereotypeofthenon-emotionalmaleandthemoreemotionalfemale.Asagroup,womenaremorelikelythanmentoexpresstheiremotions.Theyarebetteratdistinguishingbetweenrelatedfeelingssuchaslikingandloving,andtheyaremorelikelytohavemoreaffectionaterelationshipsthanmen.Ofcourse,thesegenderdifferencesarestatisticalaverage,andtherearemanymenandwomenwhodonotfallintothesetypes.

1.Whatisthemainidesofthispassage?

2.Peopleavoidexpressingtheirfeelingsdirectlybecause（）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdopeopletendtoexpress?

4.That“Womenarebetterthanmeninexpressingfeelings”is（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,itissurprisingthat（）

问题1选项

A.Bothadultsandchildrenseldomexposetheirfeelingsandopinions.

B.Societyistherealcauseofpeople’slessexpressionoftheiraffection.

C.Peopleliketotalkfreelybehindathirdperson.

D.Womenaremoreopenthanmeninexpressingtheirfeelings.

问题2选项

A.theyhavenotimeoveratwo-or-three-dayperiod

B.theyfeeltimidtodoso

C.theypreferfactstofeelings

D.theyfeeluneasywhentheydisclosetheirinnerworld

问题3选项

A.Yourhairstyleisgood,butthecolordoesnotsuityourskin.

B.Howshouldhehavelefttheroominsuchamess!

C.I’msorrytosayIcan’tloveyouanymore.

D.Itissillyofyoutohavegivenupthischance.

问题4选项

A.acompleteculturalstereotype

B.provenbyresearch

C.thetraditionalprejudice

D.thekeytosocialproblems

问题5选项

A.womenaremoreexpressivethanmen

B.husbandsandwivestendtopleaseeachother

C.peoplearesociallydiscouragedfromexpressingtheirpositivefeelings

D.peoplefeelcomfortabletodisclosetheirnegativefeelings

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段的第一句为本文的中心句。主要讲社会中不成文的交流规则阻碍了人们情感的表达。选项B符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Peoplearegenerallycomfortablemakingstatementsoffactandoftendelightinexpressingtheiropinions,buttheyrarelydisclosehowtheyfeel.”人们通常会很自在的陈述事实和表达自己的观点，但他们很少表露自己的感受。选项D只是换了一种方式阐述这句话，所以选项D正确。

3.判断推理题。根据上一题可知人们通常会很自在的陈述事实和表达自己的观点，但他们很少表露自己的感受。选项A就是陈述客观事实，但没有涉及到说话人自己的感受，所以正确。

4.语义题。根据最后一段的第一句“Areviewofresearchonemotionalexpressionsupportstheculturalstereotypeofthenon-emotionalmaleandthemoreemotionalfemale.”可知选项B正确。

5.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“Surprisingly,socialrulesevendiscouragetoomuchexpressionofpositivefeelings.”令人惊讶的是，社会规则甚至阻碍了积极情绪的太多表达。选项C符合原文。

8.填空题

Onourcyclingtourwemanagedtocoveranaverage（1）ofabout25kilometers（2）day.

【答案】1.distance;

2.a/per

【解析】1.语义题。由后面的about25kilometers推测此处填distance。

2.语法分析。第二空填冠词a或介词per合适。

9.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Collaborations:TheriseofresearchnetworksAfundamentalshiftistakingplaceinthegeographyofscience.Networksofresearchcollaborationareexpandingineveryregionoftheglobe.(46)TheestablishedsciencesuperpowersoftheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedominatedtheresearchworldsince1945.YetthisAtlanticaxisisunlikelytobethemainfocusofresearchby2045.Orperhapsevenby2020.

(47)Newregionalnetworksarereinforcingthecompetenceandcapacityofemergingresearcheconomies,andchangingtheglobalbalanceofresearchactivity.Thismaywellrevealdifferentwaysofapproachingchallenges,andsolutionsthataredifferenttothoseofWesterninstitutions.Ifthesciencesuperpowersaretoavoidbeingleftbehind,theywillneedtostepoutoftheircomfortzonestokeepupwiththedynamismofthenewplayersinthisshiftinglandscape.

(48)Collaborationisnormallyagoodthingfromawiderpublicperspective.Knowledgeisbettertransferredandcombinedbycollaboration,andco-authoredpaperstendtobecitedmorefrequently.Butcouldincreasedglobalcollaborationmeanablendingofobjectivesthatrisksleavingblandpriorities?

Co-authorshipisavalidproxyforcollaborationbecausefewscientistssurrendercreditfortheirpaperslightly,sowecanassumethatsharingofauthorshipreflectsatangibleengagement.(49)Suchpublicationdataarereadilyavailable,covermanycountriesandresearchdisciplinestoagooddepth,andhavereasonableconsistencyacrossdecades.Changesinthebalanceofresearchdonebythelonescientistandthatdonebyteamscanbeseeninco-authorshipdata.Co-authorshiphasbeenincreasinginexorably.Recentlyithasexploded.

(50)AnissueofNaturetodayhasasimilarnumberofLetterstoonefrom60yearsago,butatleastfourtimesmoreauthors.Similarobservationshavebeendocumentedfromclinicalsciencetolaw.Intheearly1980s,paperswithmorethan100authorswererare.By1990,theannualtallywiththatnumberexceeded500—andithaskeptgrowing.Thefirstpaperwith1,000authorswaspublishedin2004;apaperwith3,000authorscamein2008.Bylastyear,atotalof120physicspapershadmorethan1,000authorsand44hadmorethan3,000.ManyofthesearefromcollaborationsattheLargeHadronCollideratCERN,Europe’sparticle-physicslabnearGeneva,Switzerland.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.美国和欧洲这些老牌的科研大国自1945年起一直主宰科学研究领域。但该大西洋轴心可能到2045年不复维持此中心地位，甚至可能早到2020年就会如此。

47.新的地区网络正加强新兴科学经济体国家的实力，并改变着全球科学研究活动的平衡。

48.从更广范围的公众视野来看，合作一般来说是件好事。知识可以通过合作得以更好地传播和融合，合作的论文也会被他人更多的引用。

49.这些共同合作者的出版信息极易获得，涵盖诸多国家和研究领域，而且近几十年来一直保持合理的一致性。

50.《自然》杂志收到的信件数量与60多年前相似，但作者数量至少是60年前的4倍。类似的情况在临床医学科学、法律等很多学科也可以发现。

10.单选题

Mysisterisquite______andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.

问题1选项

A.aggressive

B.enthusiastic

C.considerate

D.ambitious

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.aggressive好斗的，挑衅的B.enthusiastic热情的，热心的

C.considerate考虑周到的，为（他人）着想的D.ambitious有野心的，有雄心的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“计划在一年内拿到硕士学位”可知，Mysisterisquite______表示的意思是“我妹妹雄心勃勃”。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】我妹妹雄心勃勃，计划在一年内拿到硕士学位。

11.单选题

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem’soddestplanet.Yesterday，however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere，perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930，“Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,”saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn’tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto’sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets，theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt—countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:“ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto,”

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant“wanderer,”describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.Inreality,however,theplanetariumwasmakingamuchbroaderstatement,saysNellDegrasseTyson,anastrophysicistthere.Thetextbooksofthefutureshouldfocusmoreonfamiliesoflikeobjectsthan“planets.”ThediscoveryofQuaoarstrengthensthisidea:“Everyoneneedstorethinkthestructureofoursolarsystem,”hesays.“We’vejuststoppedcountingplanets.’’

Still,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.Ithasathinatmosphere,forone.Itreflectsagreatdealoflight,whilemostKuiperBeltobjectsareverydark.AndunlikeallbutahandfulofknownKuiperBeltobjects，ithasamoon.“MaybePluto，then,shouldberepresentativeofanewclassofplanets,”saysMarkSykes,anastronomerattheUniversityofArizonainTucson.“It’sthefirstexample,andwearejustbeginningtofindthiscategory.”

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.FromwhenwasPlutoseriouslyquestionedaboutitsplanetarystatus?

3.Thesentence“Inshort，thereisnone.”(Para.7)canbeparaphrasedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotsupportthestatementthatPlutoisour“solarSystem’soddestplanet”?

5.Theword“commotion”intheexpression“NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsago”(Para.8)canbereplacedby________.

问题1选项

A.RockslargerthanPlutohavebeenfoundintheKuiperBelt.

B.TheKuiperBeltdidnotexistwhenPlutowasfirstdiscovered.

C.TheastronomersaredividedwithregardtothestatusofPluto.

D.ThereisalmostnodifferencebetweenPlutoandotherKuiperBeltobjects.

问题2选项

A.Asearlyas1930.

B.Morethanadecadeago.

C.WhentheKuiperBeltwasdiscovered.

D.WhenQuaoarwasdiscovered.

问题3选项

A.ThereisnoproblemwithPluto’splanetarystatus.

B.ThereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenPlutoandotherplanets.

C.Thereisyetnoscientificdefinitionoftheterm“planet.”

D.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweenplanetsandstars.

问题4选项

A.Itisfarthestfromthesun.

B.Itisunusuallysmall.

C.Itsorbitistoooval.

D.Itmainlyconsistsofdustandice.

问题5选项

A.exchangeofopinions

B.thoroughinvestigation

C.wildimagination

D.agitatedconfusion

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.”，对冥王星的定位问题，几十年来争论一直存在于天文界。所以天文学家对冥王星的地位意见不一。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.”，可知，科学家发现了能够证明冥王星不是行星的证据，天文学家直到十年前观察了冥王星以外的岩石带，发现了一个大小和冥王星差不多的世界。根据文章第四段，“EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound”，可知这些岩石带是被叫做凯伯带。所以在凯伯岩石带被发现的时候，就产生了怀疑。选项C符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第七段一二句，“Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.”，可知问题不在于冥王星，而是对于行星的定义，反正没人能说得清楚，可推测对“行星”这一词汇还没有科学的定义。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Plutohasneverreallyfittedin…itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissooval...”，可知人们把冥王星看作一个奇怪的行星的原因有：横扫太阳系最远的地方、比海王星最大的卫星要小、轨道是椭圆形的。所以并没有提到它是由冰和尘埃组成，选项D符合题意。

5.词义题。根据文章第八段，“demotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.”，海顿天文馆是把冥王星降级，把它归类为太阳系中库伯带小星体。根据文章最后一段，“TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.”，可知他们发现冥王星与库伯带小行星中的很多星体又有明显的不同。所以海顿天文馆的这一举动引来了更多的困惑和混乱。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Theinterviewisanimportanteventinthejob-huntingprocess,becausethe20or30minutesyouspendwiththeinterviewermaydeterminewhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.Therefore,itisimportanttorememberthatyourobjectiveduringtheinterviewmaydifferfromtheobjectiveofthepotentialemployer.Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.Itisencouragingtoknowthattheinterviewer’staskisnottoembarrassyouortotripyou,buttohiretherightpersonforthejob.

Remember,jobhuntingisverycompetitive.Anythingyoucandotoenhanceyourinterviewtechniqueswillbetoyouradvantage.Thefollowingsuggestionsmayhelpyoulandthemostimportantjob.

Yourgoalinthisinterviewistomakesureyourgoodpointsgetacross.Theinterviewerwon’tknowthemunlessyoupointthemout,sotrytodothisinafactualandsinceremanner.

Don’tsayanythingbadaboutyourformeremployers.Ifyouhavebeenfiredfromajobandtheinterviewerasksaboutit,befrankinyouranswer.

Showtheinterviewerthatyouareinterestedinthecompanybyaskingrelevantquestions.Askaboutresponsibilities,workingconditions,promotionopportunitiesandfringebenefits（附加福利）ofthejobyouareinterviewingfor.

Ifathomepointyoudecidetheinterviewisnotgoingwell,donotletyourdiscouragementshow.Youhavenothingtolosebycontinuingashowofconfidence,andyoumayhavemuchtogain.Itmaybewell,oritmaybeatesttoseehowyoureacttoadverseconditions.

Someinterviewersmaybringupsalaryearlyintheinterview.Atthistime,youmayindicatethatyouaremoreinterestedinajobwhereyoucanproveyourselfthanaspecificsalary.Thispolitelypassesthequestionbacktotheinterviewer.Iftheinterviewercontinuestopress,givehimarangeorsuggestthegoingrateforaparticularjob.Ifpossible,youshouldnegotiateforsalaryafteryouhavebeenofferedajobandwhenyouarereadytocompletethepaperwork.

1.Togetthejobyouwant,duringtheinterviewyoushould（）.

2.Ifyoudidnotgetalongwithyourformeremployer,you（）.

3.Whenyoufindtheinterviewisnotgoingwellyoushould（）.

4.Thebesttimetodiscussyoursalaryis（）.

5.Themostimportantthingtododuringaninterviewis（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidtheinterviewer’squestionsthataredesignedtotripyou

B.rememberthatyouarethebestqualifiedcandidate

C.makeyourselfstandoutastherightpersonforthejob

D.keepinmindthatitdetermineswhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant

问题2选项

A.shouldtelltheinterviewerfrankly

B.shouldnotspeakillofhim

C.shouldrefertohiminafactualmanner

D.shouldnevermentionit

问题3选项

A.keepupyourconfidence

B.bringittoanendassoonaspossible

C.tellyourinterviewerhowyoureacttoadversecondition

D.tellyourselfyouhavemuchtogainandnothingtolose

问题4选项

A.whenyouhavebeenofferedthejob

B.attheendoftheinterview

C.afteryouhavecompletedthepaperwork

D.whentheinterviewerbringsthismatterup

问题5选项

A.tomakeyourstrengthsunderstood

B.toshowyourintenseinterestinthejobyouareapplyingfor

C.tobefrankandsincere

D.tobenaturalandconfident

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.（你想让自己作为一个完整的人脱颖而出，这个人有自己的优点，很有资格，应该被认为是这份工作的合适人选）。可知在面试中，如果你想得到想要的工作，应该让自己作为工作的合适人员凸显出来。因此C选项“让你自己脱颖而出，成为这份工作的合适人选”正确。A选项在第一段Itisencouragingtoknowthattheinterviewer’staskisnottoembarrassyouortotripyou（面试者的任务不是让你尴尬或绊倒你），因此可以得知面试者并不会给你使绊子，A选项错误；B选项不正确，原文并没有说过这个，只是说要保持自信；D选项在第一段的第一句话有提到Theinterviewisanimportanteventinthejob-huntingprocess,becausethe20or30minutesyouspendwiththeinterviewermaydeterminewhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.（面试在找工作过程中是很重要的一件事，因为你与面试官待上的二三十分钟可能会决定你是否能得到你想要的工作。）但是这并不是作者认为被面试者应该铭记的事，因此D不正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段Don’tsayanythingbadaboutyourformeremployers.（不要说前老板的坏话。）可以得知如果和前老板相处的不好，也不要说他的坏话，因此B选项“不应该说他的坏话”正确。A选项是在第四段Ifyouhavebeenfiredfromajobandtheinterviewerasksaboutit,befrankinyouranswer.（如果你被解雇了，面试官问起这个问题，你要坦率地回答。）说的是如果被解雇了，则要坦率回答，和题干不符合，因此排除；C、D都并未提及，排除。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第六段Ifatsomepointyoudecidetheinterviewisnotgoingwell,donotletyourdiscouragementshow.Youhavenothingtolosebycontinuingashowofconfidence,andyoumayhavemuchto