考研考博-英语-宁夏职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Butsheis______;she’lltakeallworriesaboutthehouseoffyourhands.

问题1选项

A.effective

B.efficient

C.effectual

D.officious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项effective“有效的，起作用的”，B项efficient“有效率的，有能力的，生效的”，指毫不浪费时间、金钱或精力的做好某事；C项effectual“奏效的；会应验的”，指产生预期的结果；D项officious“摆官架子的，爱管闲事的”。根据句子后面部分的内容“她会帮你卸下所有关于房子的担忧”可知，空格处填入B项最符合语境。句意：但是她很有能力，她会帮你卸下所有关于房子的担忧。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.填空题

“Dida”is（1）peopleusuallycallthisuniversity.（

2）itisacomprehensiveuniversity,theearthsciencesarestillitsmainresearchfocus.Thereis（3）universityassociatedwithit,inWuhan.

【答案】1.what

2.Although

3.another

【解析】1.语法题。what在此处引导表语从句,在从句中充当宾语。

2.逻辑分析。由后句的still(仍然)推测前后句为让步关系。

3.语义题。句意:武汉还有一所与之相关的大学。

3.单选题

Forhispoorjobachievements,hisbosscomplainedthathehadn’t（

）hisresponsibilities.

问题1选项

A.livedupto

B.putupwith

C.lookedforwardto

D.goneinfor

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项liveupto“不辜负，做到”；B选项putupwith“忍受，容忍”；C选项lookforwardto“期望，期待”；D选项goinfor“参加，从事，追求”。根据关键词“poorjobachievements差劲的工作表现”和“responsibilities职责”，可知空格单词意思为“做到，完成”，句意为：对他差劲的工作表现，他的老板抱怨说他没有尽到职责。故和选项A意思接近。

4.单选题

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

问题1选项

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。wretched“可怜的，卑鄙的”；worried“担心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪恶的，恶劣的，不道德的”。句意：我觉得我染上流感了，因为我整天感觉不舒服。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded（用栅围护）Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics（陶器）finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica（云母）sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed（

）.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewas

located（

）.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheMississippianculture.

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture.

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians.

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes.

问题2选项

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

问题3选项

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershed

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

问题4选项

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

问题5选项

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者以时间为轴线介绍了密西西比文化。

2.推断题。第一句为:ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,紧接着这种文化衰退的两个可能性的因素，进而又讲述了另一种文化的繁荣。因此推测上一段应该是关于'theMoundBuilderculture’。

3.细节题。文章介绍完‘筑堤人文化’之后接着说到‘Tothewestanotherculture/因此可以得知‘密西西比文化位于筑堤人文化的西边。

4.细节题。文章指出:begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes(密西西比文化开始向东影响大多数技术落后的林地部落的生活)。

5.细节题。文章指出:builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces(‘themounds'是用来做葬礼和祭祀的地方)。

6.单选题

Couplesblessedwithstrengthandaggression（）looksarebetteroffhavingboys,asthesecharacteristicsareofmoreusetomales.

问题1选项

A.otherthan

B.ratherthan

C.rathertoo

D.inspiteof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项otherthan“除了，不同于”；B选项ratherthan“而不是”；C选项rathertoo“稍微……一点”；D选项inspiteof“尽管”。句意：与长相相比，体力强、有进取心的夫妇更容易生男孩，与长相相比，因为这些特征对男性更有用。这里表达的意思是“体力和进取心才是决定孩子性别的重点，而不是长相”，因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Booksdoasmuchharmasgoodandspreadfalsehoodanderror______knowledgeoftruth.

问题1选项

A.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessas

D.nomoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项nolessthan“不少于”，B项nomorethan“只是，仅仅”，C项nolessas与D项nomoreas没有这种用法。句意：书籍所带来的利弊是均衡的，它们所传播的谎言和错误不少于知识与真理。故正确答案为A。

8.单选题

HesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapyforwhichnoremedyexistsinWesternmedicalpractice,butcertainherbsdoprovidereliefforsuchpatients.

问题1选项

A.protection

B.provision

C.theory

D.therapy

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.protection保护B.provision条款

C.theory理论D.therapy治疗；疗法

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】划线词前的句子意思为“他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良效果（Hesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapy）”，划线词后的句意为“但某些草药确实可以缓解这类患者的症状”，由后半句句意“缓解这类患者的症状”可知西方医学是没有真正能解决化疗的不良效果的方法，即治疗方法，所以D选项“治疗，疗法”符合句意。划线单词remedy“补救措施”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。

【句意】他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良后果，在西方医学实践中没有任何补救措施，但某些草药确实为这类病人提供缓解。

9.单选题

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittleifanything,todowithourabilities’,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic,theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthe“nature”theoryagreewith?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldproponentsofthe“nurture”theoryagreewith?

3.B.F.Skinner（）.

4.Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthisarticle（）.

5.IntheU.S,blackpeopleoftenscorepeopleonintelligencetests.Withthisinmind,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.Aperson’sinductshavelittleeffectonhisactions.

B.Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson’sbehaviorandpersonality

C.Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.

D.Thebehaviorists’viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.

问题2选项

A.Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior

B.Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect

C.Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact.

D.Apersons’characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisenvironment

问题3选项

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantroleindeterminingcharacter

C.believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

D.believesintheimportanceofgenesindeterminingpersonality

问题4选项

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.supportsthenurturetheory

C.believesbotharecompletelywrong

D.thinksthatthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboththeories.

问题5选项

A.Natureproponentswouldsaythatwhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoblacks

B.Nurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites

C.Supportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatwhitesscorewellbecausetheyhaveasuperiorenvironment

D.Behavioristswouldsaythatblacksoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第三段第一句“Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.”那些支持“先天性”的人认为,我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物学和基因因素决定的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一句可知,“后天性”理论的支持者认为,环境比基于生物学的本能更能决定我们的行为模式。所以选项D正确。

3.根据第四段第二句“AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.”行为主义者B.F.Skinner认为,人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的。选项B符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,这两种理论都不能完全解释人类的行为。事实上,我们行为的关键很可能在这两个极端之间。选项D符合原文。

5.选项C说“先天性”理论的支持者认为白人得分高是因为他们拥有优越的环境。很显然是错误的,因为环境影响是“后天性”支持者的看法。所以本题选C。

10.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的，湍流的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C选项vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，使平静的局面变得_____。根据句子逻辑，这里表达的是“使平静的局面变得动荡”，因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

问题1选项

A.endangered

B.domesticated

C.indigenous

D.extinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。endangered意为“快要绝种的”；domesticated意为“驯化了的”；indigenous意为“本地的，土生土长的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的）可知前面表示这个地区的动物不是土生土长的，选C。

句意：我了解到这个地区没有真正本土的动物，这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的。

12.单选题

Babiessoonbegantotakeanactive（

）theworldaroundthem.

问题1选项

A.contemptfor

B.fondnessfor

C.interestin

D.partin

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:婴儿很快就会积极地加入他们周围的世界。

takepartin参加,加入。

13.单选题

Peoplebuyinsuranceinordertosubstituteasmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertaincatastrophicone.

问题1选项

A.dominate

B.exchange

C.input

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.dominate支配；控制B.exchange交换

C.input投入；输入D.manipulate操纵

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接与介词搭配

【解题思路】原文语义为“人们购买保险是为了____一个小的、确定的、可以承受的损失为了（for）一个大的、不确定的灾难性损失。”原词substituteAforB“用A代替B”。空格处所填词与介词for搭配，B选项exchange“交换”最符合原文语义衔接与搭配，exchangeAforB“用A换B”。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文介词搭配与语义衔接。

【句意】人们购买保险是为了用一个小的、确定的、可以承受的损失来代替一个大的、不确定的灾难性损失。

14.单选题

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforOK.whentheywerepleased.

问题1选项

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。shrugged“耸肩”；tugged“用力拉，迅速地穿衣服”；jerked“猛拉”；twisted“扭动”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了一探，猛地点头，这是男孩子们开心时表示“好”的动作。C项符合题意。

15.单选题

Iwastryingtoreadthedirections（）andabsurd.

问题1选项

A.whichwasconfused

B.whichwereconfusing

C.thatwasconfused

D.theywereconfusing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我正尝试阅读这令人困惑而且荒谬的说明。

语法题。考查定语从句。先行词是名词复数directions，因此，whichwasconfused和thatwasconfused错误。而D项theywereconRising不是定语从句，不符合句法结构，因此答案选B。

16.不定项选择题

Atfirst,thenewbusinessplanseemedcounterintuitive—ifnotaquickroutetobankruptcy.KoreanswhoorderedproductsfromLGHomeShopping,atelevisionshoppingchannelhawkingeverythingfromjewelrytocookware,couldreturnthemnoquestionsaskedandgetarefundevenbeforetheitemswerecollectedfromtheirhome.Alldeliverieswerefree.AndthenewplanwaslaunchedinthedepthsoftheAsianfinancialcrisisin1998.

LittlewonderthateveryoneincludinghisstaffthoughtLGHomeShoppingChiefExecutiveChoiYungJaehasascrewlooses.EvenasChoiofferedoneofthebestbargainsinKorea,herefusedtosacrificequality.Oneday,heappearedataSeoulwarehouseforaspotinspection—andcanceledordersfromnearly70%ofLG’ssuppliers.“Customertrustwillmakeorbreakourbusiness,”hedeclared.Notlongafter,Choisetupafaxlineinhisofficetohandlecustomercomplaintsdirectly.Complaintspouredin.“Butthen,”saysLGmanagerShinHyungBum,“sixmonthslaterhestartedgettingcomplimentaryfaxes.”Executivesareconfidentthatsaleswilljumpanother50%nextyear.

Choiisstillgettingthem.In1998,LGHomeShoppingearneditsfirstprofitassalestripledto$169million.Thechannel,whichairsaroundtheclockandpricesitemsuptoone-thirdcheaperthandepartmentstores,hasthrivedeversince.Despitetheglobalslowdown,thecompanypredictssalesof$779millionthisyear,up68%from2000.

LGtakesadvantageofKoreandemographics.Knowingthatmostmiddle-classwomenarehomemakers,ithasfocuseditsmarketingonfemalesintheir30sand40s.AnddeliverycostsareminimalbecausenearlyhalfofKorea’s14.3millionfamiliesresideinapartmentblocks.

Theoperationisalsoresolutelyup-market,incontrasttosimilarU.S.channels.Becausemostcable-TVsubscribersinKoreaarewell-to-do,LGsellsnoitemforlessthan$23,whichitfiguresistheminimumitcanchargeandstillmakea4%marginaftercoveringdelivery.Onaverage,LGshoppersspend$110perorder,triplewhatU.S.TVshoppersspend.

RivalsacknowledgeChoi’scontributiontoelectronicshopping,whichhasaccountedfor3%ofKorea’s$90billionretailmarket.“ThewholeindustryisindebtedtoChoi’spioneeringcampaign,”saysSamsungVice-PresidentSuhKangHo,whoheadsthechaebol’sInternetShoppingdivision.“ThebigquestionisifLGcankeepitsgrowthinthefaceoftoughercompetition.”

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“counterintuitive”(L.1,Para.1)?

2.Bysayingthat“ChoiYungJaehasascrewlooses”(L.2,Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.IntheviewsofChoi（）

4.Fromthetext,wecaninferthat（）

5.WhatistheattitudeofSuhKangHotowardsthefuturegrowthofLG?

问题1选项

A.Sensible.

B.Irrational.

C.Quick.

D.Feasible.

问题2选项

A.thestaffinthecompanyareafraidofChoi

B.thereissomethingwrongwiththefacilityofthecompany

C.Choiismadtosomeextent

D.Choi’sbargainscannotbeacceptedbythestaff

问题3选项

A.productqualityiscrucialtothesuccessofthecompany.

B.electronicshoppinghasabrightfuture.

C.theAmericanwayofe-commercehasmoredisadvantages.

D.therivalcompanyhasalreadyacknowledgedhiscontribution.

问题4选项

A.thenewelectronicshoppingplanstartsinanunfavorableeconomicsituation.

B.themajorityofthecustomersofLG’sservicearewomenandchildren.

C.theAmericanelectronicshoppingcompaniesaretherivalsofLG.

D.thepriceofthesameproductsoldbyLGishigherthanthatoftheAmericanCompany.

问题5选项

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Suspicious.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:词义推断题。本题如果记过这个单词可以直接选择，如果不认识也没有关系，根据词根词缀法我们可以发现，单词由counter-和intuitive两部分组成，词缀counter意为“反对”，intuitive意为“直觉的”，因此这个单词的意思大概为“违背直觉的”，B项正确，如果不知道这个方法也可以从后文的“ifnotaquickroutetobankruptcy.”（如果你不想快速破产的话）可见当时普通人对新商业计划的认知都是它是不正常的，违背常理的，答案为B。

第2题:作者意图题。首先定位到这个句子的前后文，后面是说到Choi拒绝牺牲商品的质量，也就是他必须要保证每一件商品的质量，在后面提到说他去视察一个工厂时，直接让那个工厂70%的商品都标为不合格并且直接取消，说明他对于商品的质量是有着很疯狂的追求的，他绝对不会牺牲商品的质量来换取营业额，题干中的“screwlooses”意为做事古怪的，也与C项相符。

第3题:细节推断题。题干提问在Choi的观点中是怎么样的，A项说他认为产品的质量是公司成功的关键，这一点从第二段可以看出，他非常强调商品的质量，因此A保留；B项全文并没有提及，电子购物现在已经发展得如火如荼，但是它的未来Choi并没有给出观点，要注意题干问的是Choi的观点，并不是考生的想法，不要代入自己的主观思想，要从题干中找信息；C项也没有提及；D项是Choi的对手三星总裁的观点，答案为A。

第4题:文章推断题。A项在第一段的最后一句话“AndthenewplanwaslaunchedinthedepthsoftheAsianfinancialcrisisin1998.”可以得出，A项保留；B项错误，电视购物的主力就是家庭妇女，并没有儿童；C项错误，LG的对手主要是韩国国内的其他平台；D项也不对，只是说LG的顾客会在购买时花得更多，而不是它的单价高。答案为A。

第5题:作者态度题。根据人名定位到最后一段，Suh说道“ThebigquestionisifLGcankeepitsgrowthinthefaceoftoughercompetition.”意思是不确定LG能不能在之后更加激烈的竞争中胜出，说明他对于LG的未来是持怀疑态度的，答案为C。

17.单选题

Hesaidheismy______friendbutIdon’tthinkso.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.onion

C.intimate

D.occasion

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项intensive“密集的”；B选项onion“洋葱，葱头”；C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”；D选项occasion“某次，……的时候”。句意：他说他是我______的朋友，但我不这么认为。根据语境，这里形容的是我们之间的关系是怎样的，C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

问题1选项

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appropriate“盗用；拨（专款等）”；B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激”；C选项admit“承认（不好、不快或尴尬的事实）”；D选项affect“（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等）”。句意：我们都______你来帮助我们。根据语境，这里帮助对应的应该是B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激”。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication—butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsorwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWordsHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicunder 

controlsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,heightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士气的讲话）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyoulanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

1.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

3.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”？

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

问题2选项

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

问题3选项

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.informpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

问题4选项

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

问题5选项

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Theymanyusesofpublicspeaking

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到演讲的功能：说服、启发、通知、致敬、娱乐等等，而这些是其他手段无法替代的，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第八段提到这不仅仅是在世界论坛的公开演讲中扮演着重要角色（It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole），选项A“世界论坛上的演讲可以为世界性问题提供有效方案”表述不正确，符合题意。

3.文章第二段提到了演讲词的各种功能，比如说服或启发，通知、致敬、娱乐等，或者只是介绍某人某事或接受某事。选项C“在工作中给人建议”不是演讲的功能，符合题意。

4.文章最后一段Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast提到为了精彩的演讲，有一些规则可以很好的利用，必须学习并且练习以前的演讲。选项D符合题意，“精彩的演讲来源于练习和学习”

5.文章开头提及推特、博客、邮件这些交流方式，但是这些都无法取代演讲这个话题（Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunicationbutnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech）。接着介绍了演讲的作用，比如说服或启发、通知、致敬、娱乐等。最后提到演说能力不是天生的，而是需要通过不断学习和练习才得到的。选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

Thoughdiamondsenjoythereputationof（1）agirl'sbestfriend,emeraldsinfactaremore（2）-andmorevaluable.

"Sought（3）fortheirrichcolor,regalhistoryandidentifiablelook,emeraldsareoneofthemosticonicgemstonesinthejewelryindustry,AmandaGizzi,aspokesperson（4）JewelersofAmerica,aNewYork-basedtradeassociation,saidinanemail.

OnApril25,thepublicwillhavetheopportunitytoownsomeofthemostmagnificentandvaluableemeraldsintheworld,whenthey（5）forsaleatGuernsey'sauctionhouseinNewYork.

Withmorethan20cutandrawstonesand13spectacularpiecesofjewelry,therareemeralds（6）allcomefromasinglecollectionthatwascompiledbyemeraldspecialistManuelMarcialdeGomar（7）hislongcareerintheemeraldindustry.

OneofthehighlightsofthesaleisacollectionofcutemeraldsfromthegreatSpanishshipwreckNuestraSenoradeAtocha,agalleonthat（8）theFloridacoastin1622.

Thewreckisconsidered"themostvaluable（9）shipwreckinhistory,accordingtothecatalog（10）thesale,largely（11）itsnumerousMuzoemeralds,whichareprizedfortheirdeep,cleargreen.

WhentreasurehunterMelFisher（12）retrievethegalleon'slostbountyinthe1980s,hehiredMarcialtohelphimappraisethestonesandjewels（13）theship'swreckage.

Severalofthesestones,（13）Marcialaspaymentforhiswork,areonofferintheGuernsey’ssale,andincludetheNinePillarsofAndes,agroupofnineroughstonestotalingover91caratsandcarryinganestimatedpriceof$2.5millionto$3.5million;andthe4.39caratQueenoftheSea,estimatedtosellfor$250,000to$350,000.

Alsoincludedinthesaleisthe887-caratLaGloria,whichGuernsey'sbillsas"oneofthelargestmuseum-qualityemeraldsintheworld,"(estimate$4-5million);andtheMarcialdeGomarStarEmerald,the（15）staremeraldeverfound(estimate$2-3million),notableforitsdouble-sidedcabochon,andoneofonly11staremeraldsknowntoexist.

问题1选项

A.being

B.be

C.been

D.is

问题2选项

A.beautiful

B.rare

C.wonderful

D.interesting

问题3选项

A.out

B.after

C.up

D.off

问题4选项

A.of

B.on

C.for

D.as

问题5选项

A.gooff

B.gofor

C.goout

D.goup

问题6选项

A.onsale

B.forsale

C.onoffer

D.offer

问题7选项

A.in

B.during

C.throughout

D.at

问题8选项

A.sankoff

B.sankin

C.sankout

D.sankdown

问题9选项

A.asked

B.found

C.sought

D.known

问题10选项

A.accompany

B.accompanying

C.accompanied

D.with

问题11选项

A.thanksto

B.thankfulfor

C.thanks

D.thanking

问题12选项

A.started

B.began

C.went

D.setoutto

问题13选项

A.takenfrom

B.salvagedby

C.takenby

D.salvagedfrom

问题14选项

A.givetop

B.givento

C.togive

D.togiven

问题15选项

A.largest

B.large

C.beautiful

D.rare

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:A

【解析】1.语法题。考查动名词。这里表示“虽然钻石享有是女孩最好的朋友的美誉”，of后面应该接动名词，故选A。

2.考查形容词辨析。并列连词连接空格跟morevaluable，因此B项符合句意，表示“罕见的，特殊的”。

3.考查固定搭配。Soughtafter争相获得的;吃香的;紧俏的。即在此处表示“因…而广受欢迎”。

4.考查介词辨析。该空应选择for，表示“美国珠宝商的代言人”。

5.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:4月25日，公众将有机会拥有一些世界上最华丽和最有价值的翡翠，届时它们将在纽约根西岛拍卖行…出售。因此D项“（价格、数量或水平）上涨，上升”正确。

6.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:共有20多块切割、生硬的宝石和13件壮观的珠宝，这些珍贵的…祖母绿是由祖母绿专家曼努埃尔.马尔西亚.在她漫长的祖母绿产业生涯中收集的。因此C项符合句意，表示“可买到的，待售的”。

7.考查介词辨析。空格处介词后面是longcareer(漫长的职业生涯)，是一个时间段，所以C项正确，表示“在漫长的职业生涯”。

8.考查短语辨析。逻辑主语是galleon(大型帆船)，因此A项“沉没”符合句意。

9.考查动词辨析。该处是动词的过去分词形式，可以作为形容词理解。该处表示“历史上最有价值且…的沉船事故”，因此选D项“已知的，著名的”。

10.语法题。考查非谓语。此处表示销售目录，而且catalog和thesale之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故选B。

11.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:它是历史上最有价值的知名沉船事故，主要因为…。

12.考查动词辨析。该处句意为:当寻宝者梅尔•费舍尔（MelFisher）…找回大帆船丢失的赏金时，…。而且此处已经有动词retrieve，因此D项“打算做…，着手做…”正确。

13.考查短语辨析。四个选项中，D符合句意，表示“从船的残骸中打捞出来的石头和珠宝”。

14.语法题。考查非谓语。thesestones和Marcial是被动关系，因此B项正确。

15.语法题。考查最高级。空格谓语定冠词the和名词之间，四个选项中，A项最符合句意，表示“最大的”。

21.单选题

II.LegalHistory

ThereisalargelyforgottenstorytobetoldofU.S.legalimperialisminChina,despiteChina’slocationfaroutsideofAmerica’sterritorialborders.Thestory’sprotagonistisaratherarcanesoundinglegaldoctrine,extraterritorialjurisdiction.Exclusiveterritorialjurisdictionisoneofthedefiningfeaturesofthesovereigntyofthemodernnation-state.Withlimitedexceptions,itiswhereapersonisthatdetermineswhatlawappliestohimorher.However,whenastateassertsextraterritorialjurisdiction,itclaimstherighttoapplyitslawsbeyondthebordersofitsterritory.

Toanticipatethestory,theextraordinarytreatythatlaidthefoundationforAmericanextraterritorialitywasnegot