考研考博-英语-山东艺术设计职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东艺术设计职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

问题1选项

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。luster意为“光泽，光彩”；expression意为“表示，表达，表露”；distinction意为“区别，优秀，荣誉”；passion意为“热情，激情”；formality意为“礼节，形式”。

句意：这些奖项为作者的声誉增添了光彩。

2.单选题

TheSantaAnaappealscourtupheldanearlierjuryverdictawarding$3.2millionindamagestoAlexisSartiwhosufferedseriousnervedamageafterafoodpoisoningepisodeatarestaurant.（1）

InApril2005,SartiaterawtunaattheSaltCreekGrillerestaurant.Afterwards,shesufferedfromsuddenparalysisanddoublevision.Shespentthenext49daysinthehospital,andhadtodropoutofcollegeformorethanayearandahalfafterthefoodpoisoningincident,formedicalcareandtherapy.

（2）Musclesandspasmsbotherheronadailybasis,althoughshesaysshe’susedtothesenow.Shehasrecoveredsomewhatsincethen.Butstrenuousactivityisoutofthequestion,andwhat’sworse,sheexpectshersituationtodeteriorateasshegetsolder.

Sartifiledalawsuitagainsttherestaurant,andclaimedcrosscontaminationofthetunawithaformofbacteriathatexistsinrawpoultry.

（3）

TheverdictwassetasidebySuperiorCourtJudgeDerekW.Hunt.The4thDistrictCourtofAppealinSantaAnahasnowoverturnedJudgeHunt’sruling.

Indeliveringhisdecision,JudgeHuntsaidhewasconstrainedbya35-year-oldappellatedecisionthatprohibitsjuriesfromassumingthatcrosscontaminationintherestaurantswastheresultoffaultypracticesofhandling.

TheSantaAnaappealscourtseemstohavedisregardedthatolderappellatedecision.

（4）

Ithasbeencitedforinroperfoodstorage,crosscontaminationandincorrecthandlingonthreeseparateinstances.

ItwasclearthatthenegligentfoodhandlingpracticesatthisrestaurantwereresponsibleforadeadlycrosscontaminationthatresultedinSard’sfoodpoisoning.

（5）

Still,shehasincurredmorethanamilliondollarsworthofmedicalbills,andexpectstoneedmoremedicalcareinthefuture.

问题1选项

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

问题2选项

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

问题3选项

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

问题4选项

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

问题5选项

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

【答案】第1题:E

第2题:D

第3题:F

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.联系上下文。本文第一段第一句概述了SantaAna案件的审判结果。而选项中只有E是总结这一审判结果的历史意义。

2.联系上下文。本文第二段主要介绍了Sarti在食品中毒后所受到的身体机能方面的损伤。选项中只有D是关于她身体所受的伤害。

3.联系上下文。此空格下文的中心词“verdict”前面的定冠词the使用，提示读者该词不是第一次出现在此处，而选项中只有F选项里出现了“averdict”。

4.联系上下文。本空格下文中用到指代词“it”，而且是做“cite”的宾语，所以该代词可能指“供词”、“记录”等文件。

5.联系上下文。本题空白后的句子大意为：不包括今后的治疗，受害者Sarti目前已经承受了100多万美元的医疗费用。这句话暗指她这次胜诉与其说是金钱方面的胜诉，不如说是道义上的胜诉。

3.单选题

Theopportunitywasalmost（

）grabbed.

问题1选项

A.toogoodtobe

B.toogoodnottobe

C.sogoodtobe

D.toogood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:该机会几乎太好了，不可能不被抓住。

固定搭配。too+形容词或副词+nottobe太……不可能不。

4.单选题

The（

）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous极好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：过分强调考试是学校里最糟糕的竞争形式。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

（）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.

问题1选项

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管，她周末很想和她朋友出去，但是他不得不留下来完成任务。

语法题。考查让步状语从句。as和though引导的让步状语中，as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。因此B项正确。

6.单选题

Thebusthat（）outsidetheinnwouldsoontakethevisitorsdowntown.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.pulledup

C.gotdown

D.setforth

【答案】B

【解析】heldback阻碍；pulledup停下来,拔起；gotdown下来；setforth提出,陈述。句意：停在旅馆外面的巴士很快就会把游客带到市中心。选项B符合句意。

7.翻译题

Indubitablythevastmajorityofbooksoverlaponeanother.Fewindeedarethosewhichgivetheimpressionoforiginality,eitherinstyleorincontent.Rarearetheuniquebooks—lessthan50,perhaps,outofthewholestorehouseofliterature.Inoneofhisrecentauto-biographicalnovels,BlaiseCendrarspointsoutthatRemydeGourmont,becauseofhisknowledgeandawarenessofthisrepetitivequalityinbooks,wasabletoselectandreadallthatisworthwhileintheentirerealmofliterature.Cendrarshimself—whowouldsuspectit?—isaprodigiousreader.Hereadsmostauthorsintheiroriginaltongue.Notonlythat,butwhenhelikesanauthorhereadseverylastbookthemanhaswritten,aswellashislettersandallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Inourdayhiscaseisalmostunparalleled,Iimagine.For,notonlyhashereadwidelyanddeeply,buthehashimselfwrittenagreatmanybooks.Allontheside,asitwere.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.Heis,inasense,theJuliusCaesarofliterature.

【答案】不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，只有极少数作品——或许不到50本——是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯•桑德拉尔指出，古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，并且了解书的这种重复性。桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，没有人会怀疑这一点。他阅读了大部分作家的原作。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世界上，几乎没有人能像他一样，不仅读得广、读得精，而且还著述颇丰。可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的。因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何“肆意浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学界的凯撒大帝。

8.单选题

Itishardtogetanyagreementontheprecisemeaningoftheterm‘socialclass’.Ineverydaylife,peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachtothosetheyconsidertheirequalsfromthatwhichtheyassumewithpeopletheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersallplayapart.

Intheeighteenth-centuryoneofthefirstmoderneconomists,AdamSmith,thoughtthatthe‘wholeannualproduceofthelandandlaborofeverycountry’providedrevenueto“threedifferentordersofpeople:Thosewholivebyrent,thosewholivebywages,thosewholivebyprofit’.Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.

Manyintermediategroupsgrewupduringthenineteenth-centurybetweentheuppermiddleclassandtheworkingclass.Thereweresmall-scaleindustrialistsaswellaslargeones,smallshopkeepersandtradesmen,officialsandsalariedemployees,skilledandunskilledworkers,andprofessionalmensuchasdoctorsandteachers.Farmersandpeasantscontinuedinallcountriesasindependentgroups.

Duringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesthepossessionofwealthinevitablyaffectedaperson'ssocialposition.Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.

Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.Heretheirchildrenmixedwiththechildrenoftheupperclasseswereacceptedbythem,andveryoftenfoundmarriagepartnersfromamongthem.Inthesameway,athrifty,hard-workinglabourer,thoughnotcleverenoughhimself,mightsaveforhissonenoughtopayforanextendedsecondaryschooleducationinthehopethathewouldmoveintoa‘white-collar'occupation,carryingwithitahighersalaryandmoveupinthesocialscale.

Inthetwentiethcenturytheincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes,thegrowthofthesocialservices,andthewiderdevelopmentofeducationalopportunityhaveconsiderablyalteredthesocialoutlook.Theupperclassesnolongerarethesole,oreventhemainpossessorsofwealth,powerandeducation,thoughinheritedsocialpositionstillcarriesconsiderableprestige.

Manypeopletodayarehostiletowardsclassdistinctionsandprivilegesandhopetoachieveaclasslesssociety.Thetroubleisthatasoneinequalityisremoved,anothertendstotakeitsplace,andthebestthathasasfarbeenattemptedisasocietyinwhichdistinctionsareelasticandinwhicheverymemberhasfairopportunitiesformakingthebestofhisabilities.

1.Howdoweplacepeopleinsocietyinrelationtoourselves,accordingtothetext?

2.AdamSmith'ssocialmake-upwasinvalidatedby（）.

3.Whichclassdosmallshopkeepersandtradesmenbelongto?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTtrulydescribethenewrich?

5.Whathappenedtotheclassdifferencesinthetwentiethcentury?

问题1选项

A.Mainlybytheirwayofspeaking.

B.Accordingtotheplacewheretheywereborn.

C.Accordingtoacomplexmixtureoffactors.

D.Byregardingtheminferiortoourselves.

问题2选项

A.thegrowing-upofuppermiddleclass

B.thesuccessivestagesoftheindustrialrevolution

C.theinfluenceoftheworkingclass

D.theinheritanceofsocialpositions

问题3选项

A.workingclass

B.middleclass

C.upperclass

D.uppermiddleclass

问题4选项

A.Theysenttheirchildrentospecialschoolstoreceiveeducation.

B.Theywerelackofsocialtrainingofthearistocracy.

C.Theywereoftenmenofinitiativeandintelligence.

D.Theydidnotallowtheirchildrentomarrytheupperclass.

问题5选项

A.Theyhavebeenpartlysmoothedout.

B.Theyincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes.

C.Theyhavemadethesocialservicesgrow.

D.Theywidelyenhancedtheeducationdevelopment.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.然而，我们用来评价一个新认识的人的标准是一个复杂的混合因素。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据关键信息“AdamSmith”定位到原文第二段的内容。本段最后一句指出“Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.然而，工业革命的每一个连续阶段都使社会结构更加复杂。”也就是说，会让AdamSmith提出的社会结构失效，所以选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据关键信息“smallshopkeepersandtradesmen”定位到原文第三段的内容“许多中间群体在19世纪成长起来，介于上层中产阶级和工人阶级之间。小型实业家，也有大型实业家，有小店主和商人……”由此可知，选项B正确。

4.判断推理题。根据关键信息“newrich”定位到原文第四段的内容。第四段最后一句提及“Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.聪明的工业家凭借自己的智慧发了财，这使他们的经济地位远远高于他们的工薪阶层父母。但是他们缺乏上流社会的社会修养，而上流社会则视他们为‘新贵’”，由此可知，选项B和选项C均符合原文；第五段第一句提及“Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.他们经常把儿女送到特殊学校接受社会培训。”由此可知，选项A也符合原文；只有选项D与原文恰好是相反的情况，所以本题选D。

5.判断推理题。根据原文倒数第二段的内容“在20世纪，对高收入增加的税收，社会服务的增长，以及教育机会的广泛发展，极大地改变了社会的前景。上层阶级不再是唯一的，甚至不再是财富、权力和教育的主要拥有者，尽管继承下来的社会地位仍然具有相当大的威望。”由此可知，到20世纪等级差异已经部分消除，所以选项A正确。

9.单选题

Althoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofwriter,manyoftheincidentsare（）.

问题1选项

A.fascinating

B.fictitious

C.factious

D.fastidious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”；B选项fictitious“虚构的，编造的”；C选项factious“好捣乱的”；D选项fastidious“挑剔的”。句意：虽然这本书自称是作者的传记，但许多事件都是虚构的。选项B符合语境。

10.单选题

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

问题1选项

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vanished突然消失；绝迹B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丢弃D.rejected拒绝

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格前后语义为“Lee一家丢失的汽车被发现____在高速公路旁的树林里。”根据前后语义可知，丢失的汽车被别人遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里，C选项abandoned“丢弃”符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】Lee一家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里。

11.单选题

Theteachersuggestedthestudentcomplete（

）researchbeforewritingthetermpaper.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.expansive

C.expensive

D.exhaustive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:老师建议学生们在写学期论文前完成详尽的研究。

考查形容词辨析。Intensive密集的,彻底的;expansive广阔的,扩张的;expensive昂贵的;exhaustive详尽的,彻底的,全面的。故D符合句意。

12.单选题

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich（）urgentuse.

问题1选项

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。meanfor“对……意味着”；meanto“对……重要”；bemeantfor“为……做准备”；bemeantto“打算，意欲”。句意：这对夫妇每个月都会存一小笔钱，以备急需时用。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Ifthepolice（）whentheydidtherewouldhavebeenseriousviolence.

问题1选项

A.hadnotsteppedin

B.didnotsteppedin

C.hadnotsteppeddown

D.didnotsteppeddown

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气，主句结构为wouldhavedone，表示对过去事情的虚拟，if引导的从句应该用haddone过去完成，选项B和D可排除。stepin“介入，干预”；stepdown“辞职，走下”。句意：如果警方没有介入的话，严重的暴力行为可能已经发生了。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Drunkendriving—sometimescalledAmerica’ssociallyacceptedformofmurder—hasbecomeanationalepidemic（流行病）.EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledbydrunkendrivers.

Adrunkendriverisusuallydefinedasonewitha0.10bloodalcoholcontentorroughlythreebeers,glassesofwineorshotsofwhiskydrunkwithintwohours.HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimageandjudgesweretolerantinmostcourts,butthedrunkenslaughterhasrecentlycausedsomanywell-publicizedtragedies,especiallyinvolvingyoungchildren,thatpublicopinionisnolongersotolerant.

Twentystateshaveraisedthelegaldrinkingageto21,reversingatrendinthe1960storeduceitto18.AfterNewJerseylowereditto18,thenumberofpeoplekilledby18—20-year-olddriversmorethandoubled,sothestaterecentlyuppeditbackto21.Reformers,however,fearraisingthedrinkingagewillhavelittleeffectunlessaccomplishedbyeducationalprogramstohelpyoungpeopletodevelop“responsibleattitudes”aboutdrinkingandteachthemtoresistpressuretodrink.

Toughnewlawshaveledtoincreasedarrestsandtestsand,inmanyareasalready,toamarkeddeclineinfatalities.Somestatesarealsopenalizingbarsforservingcustomerstoomanydrinks.Atavern（酒店主）inMassachusettswasfinedforservingsixormoredoublebrandiestoacustomerwhowas“obviouslyintoxicated”andlaterdroveofftheroad,killinganine-year-oldboy.

Asthefatalitiescontinuetooccurdailyineverystate,someAmericansareevenbeginningtospeakwellofthe13yearsofnationalprohibitionofalcoholthatbeganin1919.Theyforgetthatlegalprohibitiondidn’tstopdrinking,butencouragedpoliticalcorruptionandorganizedcrime.Aswiththeboomingdrugtradegenerally,thereisnoeasysolution.

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause（）.

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat（）.

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave（）.

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkers

B.Americansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidents

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicity

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmerica

问题2选项

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalage

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddrivers

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960s

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaised

问题3选项

A.reducedthenumberofconvictions

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidents

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomers

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrink

问题4选项

A.alcoholiseasilyobtained

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrime

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailed

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficient

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause______.1.醉酒驾驶在美国已经成为一个主要问题，因为______。

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkersA.大多数美国人都酗酒

B.AmericansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidentsB.美国人现在对交通事故不那么震惊了

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicityC.事故引起了如此多的关注

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmericaD.在美国，喝酒是一种被社会接受的习惯

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“酗酒曾经是美国人可以接受的一部分（HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimage），在大多数法庭上，法官都很宽容，但最近醉酒车祸造成了如此多广为人知的悲剧，尤其是涉及年幼儿童的悲剧，公众舆论不再那么宽容了（publicopinionisnolongersotolerant）。”，从中可知，在美国，喝酒是一种被社会所接受的习惯，而这种习惯造成了很多悲剧，成为美国的主要问题，所以D项“在美国，喝酒是一种被社会接受的习惯”符合题意，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“大多数美国人都酗酒”，文中只是提起喝酒是美国社会接受的一种习惯，并不代表大多数美国人都酗酒，该项曲解原文；

B项“美国人现在对交通事故不那么震惊了”没有提到，属于无中生有；

C项“事故引起了如此多的关注”，根据解题思路可知，醉酒驾驶造成的悲剧太多，使得公众舆论对这种喝酒的习惯不再宽容，文中并没有提到公众的关注，该项曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat______.2.新泽西州发布的统计数据显示，______。

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalageA.许多司机没有达到法定年龄

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddriversB.年轻人往往不善于开车

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960sC.饮酒水平在20世纪60年代有所上升

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaisedD.法定饮酒年龄应该提高

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词NewJersey定位至第三段第二句“在新泽西州把饮酒年龄降到18岁以后，18-20岁司机的死亡人数增加了一倍多，因此该州最近又把饮酒的年龄提高到21岁”，从新泽西州的统计数据来看，降低饮酒年龄，醉酒驾驶造成的死亡人数还增加了，这说明应该提高法定的饮酒年龄，故D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“许多司机没有达到法定年龄”、B项“年轻人往往不善于开车”在原文没有提到，属于无中生有；

C项“饮酒水平在20世纪60年代有所上升”，文中只提到将法定饮酒年龄提高到21岁扭转了20世纪60年代将法定饮酒年龄降低到18岁的趋势，该项中的levelofdrinking（饮酒水平）在文中并没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave______.3.一些州最近出台的法律______。

A.reducedthenumberofconvictionsA.减少了定罪的人数

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidentsB.使得严重事故的发生更少

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomersC.禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顾客

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrinkD.规定司机可以喝多少酒

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段第一句“严厉的新法律使得被捕人数和接受检查的人数增加，并且许多地区的死亡率显著下降”，从中可知，最近出台的与饮酒相关的法律使得死亡率显著下降，这也就是说这些法律降低了交通事故的发生率，B项“使得严重事故的发生更少”符合这一分析。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“减少了定罪的人数”，根据解题思路可知，严厉的法律使得被捕人数增多了，而不是减少了，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顾客”，根据倒数第二段第二句“一些州还惩罚酒吧为顾客提供过多的酒”可知，法律只是禁止酒吧为顾客提供过量的酒，关于“醉酒的顾客”并没有提到，该项曲解原文；

D项“规定司机可以喝多少酒”没有提到，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause______.4.醉驾问题之所以难以解决，是因为______。

A.alcoholiseasilyobtainedA.酒很容易获得

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrimeB.饮酒与有组织的犯罪有关

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailedC.法律禁止已经失败了

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficientD.仅靠立法是不够的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“他们忘记了法律禁令并没有让人们停止饮酒，而是鼓励了政治腐败和有组织的犯罪。就像激增的毒品交易一样，没有简单的解决办法。”从中可知，即使有法律禁令，人们还是继续饮酒，并且政治腐败和有组织的犯罪也增加了；所以推断，醉驾问题之所以难以解决，是因为仅靠立法是远远不够的。该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“酒很容易获得”、C项“法律禁止已经失败了”在原文中没有提到，属于无中生有；

B项“饮酒与有组织的犯罪有关”，根据解题思路可知，原文只是提到法律禁令鼓励了有组织的犯罪，但是并没有说明饮酒和有组织的犯罪之间的关系，所以该项并不能推断出来，属于曲解原文。

15.单选题

InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.Fortunatelyforthegeneralreader,hisexplanationsofbrainfunctionareaccessible,reinforcedbyconcreteexamplesandmetaphors.

Edelmansuggeststhatthankstotherecentdevelopmentofinstrumentscapableofmeasuringbrainstructurewithinmillimetersandbrainactivitywithinmilliseconds,perceptions,thoughts,memories,willedacts,andothermindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.Ourconsciousness(a“first-personaffair”displayingintentionality,reflectingbeliefsanddesires,etc.)，ourcreativity,evenourvaluesystems,haveabasisinbrainfunction.

Theauthordescribesthreeunifyinginsightsthatcorrelatemindmatterswithbrainactivity.First,evendistantneuronswillestablishmeaningfulconnections(circuits)iftheirfiringpatternsaresynchronized.Second,experiencecaneitherstrengthenorweakensynapses(neuronalconnections).Finally,thereisreentry,thecontinuedsignalingfromonebrainregiontoanotherandbackagainalongmassivelyparallelnervefibers.

Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.Meanwhile,heiscomfortablehazardingaguess:“Allofourmentallife...isbasedonthestructureanddynamicsofourbrain.”Despitethisoptimismabouttheexplanatorypowersofneuroscience,Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.Indeed,culture—notbiology—istheprimarydeterminantofthebrain’sevolution,andhasbeensincetheemergenceoflanguage,henotes.

However,IwassurprisedtolearnthatheconsidersSigmundFreud“thekeyexpositoroftheeffectsofunconsciousprocessesonbehavior.”SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.

Still,SecondNatureiswellworthreading.Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.Readerswithoutatleastsomefamiliaritywithbrainsciencewilllikelyfindthegoingdifficultatcertainpoints.Nonetheless,Edelmanhasachievedhisgoalofproducingaprovocativeexplorationof“howwecometoknowtheworldandourselves”.

1.GeraldEdelmanwouldmostprobablysupporttheideathatthebrain（

）.

2.Itwaspreviouslyfeltthatperceptionsandothermindmatterscouldhardlybe

（

）.

3.Edelmanfirmlybelievesthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoEdelman,toprovideathoroughexplanationofhumanmind,neurosciencewillbe

（

）.

5.Theauthordisagreeswiththeideathattheneuroscience-basedcognitiveunconsciouscanbe

（

）.

6.Accordingtotheauthor，SecondNatureisagoodbookbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.co-functionswiththemind

B.workslikeacomputer

C.hasanaccessiblefunction

D.sendssignalstothemind

问题2选项

A.treatedasasignificantissue

B.studiedwithscientificmethods

C.separatedfrombrainactivity

D.handledwithsurgicalinstruments

问题3选项

A.brainsignalswillrepeatedlygofromonebrainregiontoanother.

B.experiencewillhaveanilleffectonneuronalconnections

C.distantneuronswillhelpsynchronizetheirfiringpatterns

D.mindmatterswillbeexplainedfromaneurologicalperspective

问题4选项

A.responsible

B.insufficient

C.impractical

D.reliable

问题5选项

A.clearlyexplainedbyFreud’stheory

B.affectedbylanguageacquisition

C.studiedrelevantlytosexualbehavior

D.examinedconcerningculturalbackgrounds

问题6选项

A.itintereststhereaderinspiritualactivities

B.itappealstothereadertostudybioscience

C.itsetsthereaderprobingintohumancognition

D.itpresentstheadvancementofnaturalscience

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第一句。根据“InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.(诺贝尔奖获得者神经学家杰拉尔德•埃德尔曼认为,大脑和思维是统一的,但他对大脑是一台电脑这一观点毫无耐心。)”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句。根据“…mindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.（传统上被认为是私人的、无法通过科学检查的精神问题，现在可能与大脑活动有关）”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段第一句。根据“Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.（埃德尔曼承认，目前还没有对意识和思维其他方面的神经学解释，但他相信很快就会有。）”,即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段第三句。根据“Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.（埃德尔曼承认，试图用神经学术语解释思维的所有方面存在缺陷）”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。本段大意为：作者并不同意Edelman的观点，因为作者认为SigmundFreud关于无意识的概念与神经科学家们提出的认知无意识的观点并无相似之处。(SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.)从而得出本题答案。

6.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。“Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.(它是连接传统上“硬”科学和人文学科两大阵营的桥梁。)”通过归纳推理即可得出本题答案。

16.单选题

Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis（）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

问题1选项

A.confined

B.Inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confine“限制”，B项inhibit“禁止”，C项oblige“要求，约束”，obligeto表示“不得不”；D项restrict“限制”，restrictto表示“限制在……”。句意：在某些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的人