考研考博-英语-安徽体育运动职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽体育运动职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【参考译文】在21世纪开始之际，人类意识到自己正走上了一条走不下去的路。除非改变方向，否则这条路会将人类引向巨大的灾难。可是同时，我们也正释放出种种新的巨大潜能，而借助这些潜能，人类能迎来各种更令人激动的生活和更光辉的文明。这可能是人类的最后一个世纪，但也可能是人类拨正航程，朝光辉灿烂未来驶去的一个世纪。

我们生活在一个与其他星球隔绝的美丽的小星球上，但是地球的人口已经太多；庞大的新兴消费社会正在成长，而中国是其中最大的一个；科技也正变得无比强大到足以毁坏这个星球。我们正疯狂地奔向一个极端的时代：极端的富有，极端的贫困，极端的科学技术，极端的科学实验，极端的全球化影响力，大规模毁灭性武器，还有以宗教名义进行的恐怖活动。假如想要逃此一劫，我们就得学会如何驾驭这一形势。

这一系列的问题也有一系列的解决方案。如果我们人类能将这些方案付诸实施，我们就能渐渐地达到可持续发展的目标，享有一种既可持续但仍富裕的生活。达到可持续这个目标需要在不同的领域采取不同的行动。然而考虑到科技的快速发展，仅仅可持续是不够的。我们需要关注能否存活。我们必须放弃今日我们采取的已无出路的方向，朝一个新方向前行，而新世界要求我们学会掌控我们释放出的各种能量。

2.单选题

Rarely（

）atechnologicaldevelopment（

）animpactonmanyaspectsofsocial,economic，andculturaldevelopmentasgreatlyasthegrowthofelectronics.

问题1选项

A.has...had

B.had...had

C.has...has

D.have...had

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。句首以否定词rarely“罕见地”开头，后面语句形成部分倒装。句意：很少有一项科技发展能像电子技术的发展那样，对方方面面比如社会、经济、文化等产生如此重要的影响。结合句意及由主语atechnologicaldevelopment可知谓语动词应为hashad。把has提前后可得A选项。

3.单选题

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

问题1选项

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

问题2选项

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

问题3选项

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

问题4选项

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Thesoldierwas（）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

问题1选项

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bescoldedfor因…而被训斥；bechargedwith“被指控犯…罪的”；beaccusedof“被指控”；bepublishedfor“因…而受惩罚”。句意：在敌人攻击时，这位士兵被指控逃跑了。C项符合题意。

5.单选题

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

问题1选项

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.allatonce突然B.byandby不久以后

C.tosomeextent在一定程度上D.onthewhole总的来说

【考查点】短语辨析

【解题思路】原文byandlarge的意思是“总的来说”，四个选项中与该短语意思最接近的是D选项onthewhole“总的来说”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项与原文不符。

【句意】许多影评人一致认为，总的来说，这部电影在表演和摄影方面都是成功的。

6.单选题

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin（）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,（）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause（）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（）.

问题1选项

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

问题2选项

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

问题3选项

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

问题4选项

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

问题5选项

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】

1.根据第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”选项D正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”侦探小说通常是大学教师、文学经济学家、科学家甚至诗人放松之余的创作。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”尽管从表面上看,可以被认出来,但有可能是我们不那么亲密的伙伴。由此可以推断,侦探小说主人公的特点,一般来说,给人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是没可能,选项D符合原文。

4.根据第二段的内容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多数侦探小说作者都认真地提供了一个合理真实的背景。选项A符合原文。

5.根据文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我们对生活的一切希望都是间接实现的。也就是体现在侦探小说中,选项D符合原文。

7.单选题

SomeoneshouldhavetoldRichardNixonthathiseyelidswerebetrayinghim.OnAugust22,1973,duringhisfirstnationallytelevisedpressconferencesincetheSenate’sWatergateinvestigationbegansixmonthsearlier,thepresidentmaintainedacalm,controlledloneofvoice.Butinansweringsuchpointedquestionsas“Isthereanylimitationonthepresident,shortofimpeachment,tocompeltheproductionofevidence?”Nixon’seyesbecameablur.Inanaverageminuteheblinked30to40times.Unimpeachableadultsblinkonlyabout10to20timesaminute,andeventhatmaybeexcessive;studiesoninfantsshowthatthephysicalneedtoblinkcomesjustonceeverytwominutes.

Alltheseextrablinksrepresentmorethanjustwaterywipesfordrycorneas.Somearedustinduced;othersarereflexblinks,protectiveresponsestoatapontheforeheadorthepopofaballoon.What’sleftoveristhethousandsofblinksadaythatseemtooccurwithoutcauseandatrandom.Butinfacttheseblinksarepreciselytimed,andthey’redirectlylinkedtowhat’sonourmind.

Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnSternofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.SternhasbeeninterestedinblinkseversincehewatchedNixonparrypressquestions,andhespecializedinthestudyonthesetinytwitches,usingthemassensitiveprobesofhowthebrainworks.

“IuseblinksasapsychologicalmeasuretomakeinferencesaboutthinkingbecauseIhaveverylittlefaithinwhatyoutellmeaboutwhatyou’rethinking,"hesays.“IfIaskyouthequestion,‘Whatdoesthephrasearollingstonegathersnomossmean?’youcan’ttellmewhenyou’vestartedlookingfortheanswer.ButIcan,bywatchingyoureyes.”

BlinksalsotellSternwhenyouhaveunderstoodhisquestion―oftenlongbeforehe’sfinishedaskingit—andwhenyou’vefoundananswerorpartofone.“Weblinkattunesthatarepsychologicallyimportant,"hesays.“Youhavelistenedtoaquestion,youunderstandit,nowyoucantaketimeoutforablink-Blinksarepunctuationmarks.Theirtimingistiedtowhatisgoingoninyourhead.”

Understandably,newacquaintancestendtosquirmwhenSterntellsthemwhathedoesforaliving.“TheythinkI'vebeenwatchingthemblink,”hesays,“whichisnotthecase.They'llsay,‘YoumeanyoucantellhowI’mthinkingbymyblinks?”ThenItellthemIcan’tlistentothemandwatchthemblinkatthesametime."

Butfewthingsdomoretostirtheurgetoblink—andthuscontaminateblinkresearch-thanthethoughtthatsomeoneiswatchingyoureyes.“IfItellsomeoneI’mwatchingthemblink,”saysStern,“thatimmediatelymakesthemuncomfortable.Eventuallythey'llstopthinkingabouttheirblinks,butuntiltheydo,theyblinkatanabnormalrate,”

Thisparadoxicaleffectforcedpioneersinthefieldtocarryouttheirexperimentssurreptitiously.Inthe1920sthefirstblinkresearchers,twoScottishscientistsfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,conductedtheirearlystudiesinthebacksofcourtrooms,secretlywatchingtheeyesofwitnessesandtryingtodeterminehowtheirblinksreflectedtheirtestimony.Theresearchwaslimitedtocountingblinksandcomparingtheratesfordifferentsituations.Crudeasthesestudieswere,theyshowedindisputablythatanxiety-riddensituations,suchasacross-examination,doindeedtendtofostermoreblinks.

Today’sresearchershaveupgradedtheirtechniquesconsiderably,andtheirinterestshaveshiftedfromblinkratestoblinkreplacementandduration.InStern'slab,subjectsarewiredwithtinyelectrodesaboveandbelowtheireyestomeasurethedifferenceintheelectricpotentialoftheeyewhenitisopenandclosed.Thevolunteersatetoldthattheapparatus13onlyformeasuringhowtheeyeballmoves;infactittimestothemillisecondhowlongeachcomponentofablinklastsandwhentheblinkoccursinresponsetoagivenstimulus.

Sternhasfoundthatsubjectssuppressblinkswhentheyareabsorbingoranticipatinginformationbutnotwhenthey’rerecitingit.Peopleblinklater,forexample,iftheyhavetomemorizesixnumbersinsteadoftwo.“Youdon'tblink”hesays,“untilyouhavecommittedtheinformationtosomeshort-termmemorystore.”Andifsubjectsarecuedthatthesetofnumbersiscomingin,say,fiveseconds,they'llcurbtheirblinksuntilthetaskisover.

Similarly,themoreimportanttheinformationthatpeoplearetakingin,themorelikelytheyaretoputtheirblinksonholdforit.Pilotsblinklesswhenthey’reresponsibleforflyingaplanethanwhenthey’reintheco-pilot’sseat.Driversroutinelyblinkwhentheyshifttheireyesfromtheroadtotherearviewmirror.Butiftheyseetheflashinglightsofastatetrooperbehindthem,theireyeswilldartunmoistenedtothespeedometerandbacktothemirror.

Thistendencytoputblinksonthebackburnerwheneveralertnessiskeyhasluredoneofthenation’sleadingstudentsofalertness,theAirForce,intotheblinkbusiness.Itisworkingtoobservenotonlythefrequencybutalsothelengthofblinks(whichincreaseswithfatigue)'togaugewhetherfliersarepayingattention.“Blinksarerelativelyeasytomonitor,”saysJamesMiller,aresearchpsychologistatEdwardsAirForceBaseinCalifornia.“Forverylittletrouble,theygiveusagreatdealofinformationaboutwhat’sgoingoninthebrain.”

Milleranticipatesthatinfiveorsixyearsablink-watchingapparatuscouldbeincorporatedintothegearthatpilotsalreadywear.Theywouldn’tnecessarilyhavetodonelectrodes;rather,aninvisibleinfraredlightshiningontheireyeballcouldreflectbacktoadetectorandsignalwhethertheeyewasopenorclosed.“Ifthemonitorshowedsomethingunusual,”saysMiller,“wecouldthennotifythepilotandperhapspullhimoffthejob.”

Sternwishessuchalertnessmonitorswouldberequiredfordriversaswell.“WhatIwouldliketosee,”hesays，“iseverycarwithabigredlightontopthatflasheswhenthedriverhasstoppedpayingattention.ThenifIseethatlightflashing,1cangetoutoftheway.”

Suchdreams,however,takeabackseattoStern’slatestinterest:tacklingthebroaderquestionofhowpeopleusetheireyestogatherinformation.He’swidenedhisfocustoincludetheinteractionsofblinkswithtwootherelementsofvisualactivity;movementsoftheeyesandhead.Duringablink,eyestendtomovetowhateverwillbetheirnextposition,andSternfindsthatthishappens,inparticular,wheneverthetaskbeingperformedisacomplexone.Itseemsthatundercertainconditionsthebrainlinksblinkswitheyemovementstoreducethetimetheeyespendsoutofservice.

Headmovementsalsovarywiththerigorofatask.Sterncanusuallyidentifywhenareadingchildshiftsfromonelinetothenextbecausehe’llmovehishead—notjusthiseyes-toscantheline.“Adultswilldothesamethingwhenthey’rereadingdifficultmaterial,”Sternsays，“butnotwhenthereadingiseasy.”

Stern’scontinuingcuriosityaboutblinkshasbeensharedbyfewothersovertheyears.Butgraduallytheranksofblinkbuffsaregrowing.“Therearepocketsofinterestdevelopingabroad,”hesays.“AgroupinJapansentsomeonetoworkinourlablastyearandagroupinGermanyhopestosendsomeonesoon.Peoplearefinallydiscoveringhowmuchtheeyescantellusaboutthebrain.”

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposewasto（）.

2.Whenapersonislisteningintently,theeyestendto（）.

3.Onthebasisoftheinformationinthepassage,whodoyouthinkwouldbenefitLEASTbyeyeblinkresearch?

4.SternfoundthatblinkswerecloselyassociatedwithallBUTwhichofthefollowing?

5.WhichofthefollowingcouldNOTbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.warnthereadertowatchoutwhentalkingtoresearchteams

B.explainhowinvestigatorsjudgedwhetherRichardNixonwastellingthetruth

C.showtherelationshipbetweenthefrequencyanddurationofeyeblinkstothefunctionsofthebrain

D.explainaboutblinkresearchwithairplanepilotsandautomobiledrivers.

问题2选项

A.blinkmorerapidly

B.blinkmoreslowly

C.notblinkatall’

D.blinkandbecomewatery

问题3选项

A.Drivers.

B.Pilots

C.Lawyers.

D.Actors.

问题4选项

A.Headmovements

B.Liesandfeelingsofguilt

C.Excitement,fatigue,andanxiety

D.Mealtimeandrelaxation

问题5选项

A.Morepeoplearebeginningtoseethevalueofstudyingeyeblinks.

B.Thestudyofeyeblinksshouldbeofinteresttoeveryone.

C.Blinkresearchcouldmakeairplanetravelsaferinthefuture.

D.Apparatusforstudyingeyeblinkswillbemoresophisticatedinthenearfuture.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由Butinfacttheseblinksarepreciselytimed,andthey’redirectlylinkedtowhat’sonourmind.但事实上，这些眨眼是精确计时的，它们直接与我们的思想联系在一起。以及SternhasbeeninterestedinblinkseversincehewatchedNixonparrypressquestions,andhespecializedinthestudyonthesetinytwitches,usingthemassensitiveprobesofhowthebrainworks.自从他看到尼克松•帕里的新闻提问后，斯特恩就对眨眼很感兴趣，他专门研究这些微小的抽搐，用它们作为大脑如何工作的敏感探针。可知本文主要研究眨眼与思维与大脑活动的关系。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由Sternhasfoundthatsubjectssuppressblinkswhentheyareabsorbingoranticipatinginformationbutnotwhenthey’rerecitingit.斯特恩发现，受试者在吸收或预测信息时会抑制眨眼，而在背诵信息时则不会。以及Similarly,themoreimportanttheinformationthatpeoplearetakingin,themorelikelytheyaretoputtheirblinksonholdforit.同样地，人们接收到的信息越重要，他们就越有可能为了得到这些信息而控制眨眼。可知当人们在专心听讲时，眨眼会收到抑制和延迟，故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。文中分别提到了Stern对于司机，飞行员以及律师眨眼的研究，并没有提到演员与眨眼的关系，所以演员应该是从眨眼研究中受益最小的。故D项正确。

4.推理判断题。文章提到了眨眼与头部运动，说谎，以及兴奋，疲惫及焦虑的关系，并没有提到吃饭时和放松状态下与眨眼的关系，故D项正确。

5.推理判断题。A项“越来越多的人开始看到研究眨眼的价值。”与文中“Therearepocketsofinterestdevelopingabroad,国外也有许多人对此研究感兴趣”相符。B项“对眨眼的研究应该是每个人都感兴趣的。”属于过度推断，有点绝对。故不正确。由“Ifthemonitorshowedsomethingunusual,”saysMiller,“wecouldthennotifythepilotandperhapspullhimoffthejob.米勒说:“如果显示器显示有异常情况，我们就可以通知飞行员，也许还可以让他停止工作。”可推知在未来，眨眼研究会使飞行更安全，故C项“眨眼的研究可以使未来的飞机旅行更安全。”正确。D项“在不久的将来，研究眨眼的仪器将会更加高级的。”文中提到用于未来用于飞行员的眼睛的探测仪器是精细的，随着技术和研究的不断发展，仪器只会更加精细和高级。故D项的推测正确。答案B.

8.单选题

Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus（

）withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicemenweresentthereimmediately.

问题1选项

A.crashed

B.collided

C.bumped

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。crash“坠毁、撞坏”；collide“碰撞、抵触、冲突”，常与with搭配；bump“碰撞、撞击”，常与into连用；strike“打击、罢工、猛击”。句意：据新闻报道，一辆校车在交叉路口与一列火车相撞，警察立即抵达事故现场。B项能与with搭配，故答案B

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Historically,economistshavesaidthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.However,ithasbeanfoundthatoncewealthreachesasubsistencelevel,itseffectivenessasageneratorofwell-beingisgreatlydiminished.ThisparadoxhasbeenreferredtoastheEasterinparadox.Thismeansthataspirationsincreasewithincome;afterbasicneedsaremet;relativeratherthanabsoluteincomelevelsinfluencewell-being.Happinesseconomistshopetochangethewaygovernmentsviewwell-beingandhowtomosteffectivelygovernandallocateresourcesgiventhisparadox.However,otherresearchsuggeststhatnoparadoxexists,andhappinessislinearlyrelatedtothelogarithmofabsolute(real,PPP-adjusted)income,withlittleornorelativeincomecomponent.

Moneycorrelateswithhappiness,buttheratediminisheswithmoremoney.In2010,twoeconomistsfoundthathigherearnersgenerallyreportedbetterlifesatisfaction,butpeople’sday-to-dayemotionalwell-beingonlyrosewithearningsuntilathresholdannualincomeof$75,000.Otherfactorshavebeensuggestedasmakingpeoplehappierthanmoney.Onestudy,whencorrectedforsocialstatus,showednocorrelationbetweenincomeandhappiness.

【答案】从历史上看，经济学家曾说过经济收入能影响幸福指数。然而有研究发现，当财富达到基本的生活水平，它对幸福指数的影响力就会极大地减少。这个悖论被称为伊斯特林悖论。这意味着愿望随着收入而增加；在基本需求得到满足之后；收入水平对幸福的影响是相对的，而不是绝对的了。鉴于这一悖论，幸福经济学家希望改变政府看待幸福的方式，以及如何最有效地管理和分配资源。然而，其他研究表明这种悖论不存在，幸福指数与绝对（实际的，根据购买力平价调整后的）收入的对数成线性相关，与收入的构成没有什么关系。

金钱与幸福相关，但随着金钱的增加，这一比率会下降。2010年，两位经济学家发现，高收入者总体上表现出更好的生活满意度，但是只有当年收入达到75000美元后，人们日常的情感幸福才会随着收入的增加而增加。其他因素比金钱更能使人快乐。一项针对社会地位的研究表明，收入和幸福之间没有相关性。

10.不定项选择题

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)______way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris______inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Activeincommunication.

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.Enjoyableinperformance.

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.

问题2选项

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

问题3选项

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

问题5选项

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships.

C.Theaffectionatemachine.

D.Humansandcomputers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?1.下列哪项不是理想伴侣机器的特点？

A.Activeincommunication.A.积极参与交流。

B.Attractiveinpersonality.B.有吸引力的个性。

C.Enjoyableinperformance.C.令人愉快的行为。

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.D.不可预测的行为。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】定位到第一段对理想伴侣机器的描述“理想的伴侣机器不仅看起来、感觉上和听起来都很友好，而且通过编程使其行为举止令人愉快（behaveinapleasantmanner）。这些特性使互动变得舒适（makeinteractioncomfor