考研考博-英语-山东工艺美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东工艺美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Unlesswegivepartofourselvesaway,unlesswecanlivewithotherpeopleandunderstandthemandhelpthem,wearemissingthemostessentialpartofourownhumanlives.Thereareasmanyroadstotheattainmentofwisdomandgoodnessastherearepeoplewhoundertaketowalkthem.Thereareasmanysolidtruthsonwhichwecanstandastherearepeoplewhocansearchthemoutandwhowillstandonthem.Thereareasmanyideasandidealsastherearemenofgoodwillwhowillholdthemintheirmindsandactthemintheirlives.

【答案】除非我们乐于奉献，除非我们能够与人们一起生活并帮助他们，否则我们的人生就失去了最重要的意义。世间有多少行路者，通往善良与智慧的途径就有多少。世间有多少真理，就有多少探索、坚持真理的人。有多少信念与理想，就有多少仁人志士在生活中奉行并实现它们。

2.单选题

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

问题2选项

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

问题3选项

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

问题4选项

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

问题5选项

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

问题6选项

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(经济学家并没有考虑到经济发展对环境及生态的长期影响。)”,即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

2.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是，尽管经济可能会扩张，生态系统却不会。)”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他们关于饥荒和短缺的预言并没有实现。)”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世纪英格兰的农业革命极大地提高了一英亩土地上的粮食产量，20世纪60年代和70年代也发生了同样的事情，),”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段倒数第三句。根据“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在过去100万年的人类进化过程中，同样的事情也会发生，从蒸汽机到搜索引擎，所有的一切都能在过去的21秒内完成。)”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

6.细节推断题。根据题干将信息点定位至原文第二段最后一句。根据“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在这么短的时间里，地球和人类社会发生了巨大的变化)”即可得出本题答案。

3.单选题

He（

）hisassistanttopickuptheplansfromtheoffice.

问题1选项

A.dispose

B.dispensed

C.dispatched

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词此词义辨析。dispose“处理；安排”；dispense“分发；分发；免除；执行”;dispatch“派遣；发送；分派”；disperse“分散；使散开；传播”。句意：他派助手去办公室取方案。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Since1970,whenSultanQabooscametopowerandlaunchedOman’sdevelopment,povertyhasbeenlargely()andmodernmedicalcarehasbeenprovidedthroughoutthecountry.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.illuminated

C.limited

D.increased

【答案】A

【解析】eliminated消除，淘汰；illuminated启发。句意：自1970年苏丹卡布斯掌权并开始阿曼的发展以来，贫困已基本消除，全国各地都提供了现代医疗服务。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Theevilmannerswouldbeeradicatedroot-and-branchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

问题1选项

A.exterminated

B.exemplified

C.rendered

D.harbored

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exterminated灭绝；根除B.exemplified举例说明；例证

C.rendered使成为；使变得D.harbored窝藏，庇护（罪犯等）

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息duetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment（由于当地政府的有力措施）和关键词evilmanners（不良行为）可知，该句是表示不良行为被有力措施根治，eradicated在这里表示“消除”的意思，故该题选择A项词义恰当。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】由于当地政府的有力措施，这种不良行为将被根治。

6.翻译题

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK,theBBC,ITVandChannel4haveallinvestedvastsumsofmoneyintechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavouriteshowsontheircomputers.

1.Butsomecritics,includingsomeinternetserviceproviders,havewarnedthattheinternetwillcollapseunderthestrainofmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogrammesatthesametime.

Overthenextfouryears,itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheinternetwillquadruple,withpeoplemovingfromshortclipstohour-longprogrammes.

2.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”,whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstosortout.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scaretactics”,sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothatthenetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitenmasse.

3.“Intheintervening30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes…We’refarfromexhaustingthecapacity”hesaid,“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【答案】1.但包括部分互联网服务提供商在内的批评人士警告说，如果几百万人在同一时间下载节目，互联网会因无法承受压力而崩溃。

2.宽带公司称，这一服务会导致“网络交通堵塞”，而“疏通”成本高达数百万英镑。

3.他说：“过去三十年中，互联网的容量增加了一百万倍……我们还远没用尽这些容量。看到大量信息在互联网间传输，有人产生这样的担忧是可以理解的。”

7.单选题

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.

Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.

AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans."Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,"saysNimon."Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（捕食者）toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks."Theartificialegg,speciallydevelopedfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeendisturbedwhentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.

However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon'sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently一andNimon'sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik'sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins,responsesentailedcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithheart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.

1.PreviousresearchbyGermanscientistshasshownthat（）.

2.AnewfindinginrecentresearchbyBritishscientistsisthat（）.

3.Anartificialeggisusedinthenewresearchinorderto（）.

4.AccordingtoNimon,theconductorofthenewresearch,acomparisonoftheoldandthenewresearchrevealsthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactoristhemostimportantinfluenceforpenguins'sheartrates?

问题1选项

A.theheartrateofpenguinsinAntarcticaisincreasing

B.penguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceofahuman

C.thenumberofpenguinsinAntarcticaisdeclining

D.penguinsofdifferentspeciesbehavedifferently

问题2选项

A.penguinsneartouristsitesinAntarcticahavebeendisruptedbythetouristactivities

B.penguinparentsbothtaketurntoguardtheirnestandlookaftertheireggsorchicks

C.penguinsarenotthreatenedbyahumanwhoapproachesthenestslowlyanddistantly

D.penguinsabandonthenestleavingeggsorchicksunprotectedwheneverseeingahuman

问题3选项

A.observepenguins'heartrates

B.exchangeforarealpenguinegg

C.monitorthehatchofpenguineggs

D.measurepenguins,bodytemperature

问题4选项

A.thetworesearchesproducedcontradictorybutbothvalidfindingsfortheywerebasedondifferentspeciesofpenguin

B.thetworesearchesproducedcompatibleandcomplementaryfindingsfortheystudieddifferentspeciesofpenguin

C.theoldresearchwasunreliableforithadscaredpenguinsandchangedtheirlaterbehaviorbyfittingamonitoronthem

D.thenewresearchrevealspenguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists

问题5选项

A.Climatechange.

B.Touristactivities.

C.Scientificresearch.

D.Notfirmlyknownyet.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“German”定位到第一段首句“Previousresearch...notedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.”他们发现，远在30米之外的企鹅看到人类时，它们的心率会急剧上升。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。原文中并没有出现British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案。“...aslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.”行动缓慢、不太靠近巢穴的人类不会被企鹅视为威胁。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“artificialegg”定位到第一段第二句“Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.”由此可知，选项A符合原文。

4.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第三句“Nimonandhercolleaguesbelieve...withheart-ratetransmitters.”Nimon和她的同事认为，Culik的研究在方法论上是有缺陷的，因为对企鹅的监控和反应需要捕捉和控制企鹅，并给它们安装心率发射器。选项C符合原文。

5.细节推理题。文章对企鹅是否会因为游客而受到影响这个问题进行了讨论。通读全文可知文章并没有得出什么具体的影响因素的结论。所以选项D正确。

8.不定项选择题

ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about“thefallofman”,thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’s（清教徒的）revoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.

InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.

AdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtoanintelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton’srevolutionaryfeelingsmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines.TheangelswhosurroundtheGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicanParliament.

1.Thispassageismostprobably（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Milton（

）.

3.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?

5.Accordingtothispassage,ParadiseLostiswrittenforthepurposeof（

）.

问题1选项

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLost

B.anintroductionofwhatParadiseLostisabout

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler

D.partofanintroductiontoEnglishliterature

问题2选项

A.describesSatanasaPuritan

B.doesn’tbelieveinGod

C.issatisfiedwiththeBritishruler

D.callsonpeopletofightagainstthedictator

问题3选项

A.anevilperson

B.contrarytowhatisdepictedintheBible

C.aselfishandcrueldevil

D.astupidghost

问题4选项

A.IfAdamandEvehadnoteatentheforbiddenfruit,humanbeingwouldbeignorantuntilnow.

B.Godactslikeadictator.

C.Satanandhisfollowersareparliamentmembersinthepoem.

D.Theangelsaredepictedasstupidinthepoem.

问题5选项

A.praisingGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.criticizingthecruelnessofBritishruler

C.changingpeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

D.expressinghissupportforthefightofSatan

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。A选项“弥尔顿《失乐园》的书评”；B选项“对《失乐园》内容的介绍”；C选项“对英国残暴统治者的描写”；D选项“英国文学导论的一部分”。全文都是围绕《失乐园》来展开的，第一段是对《失乐园》的简介以及作者写这本书的目的；第二段描述了上帝和撒旦的性格以及他们有什么现实象征；最后一段写了亚当和夏娃象征意义还表达了作者自己的看法。由此可见答案选A。

第2题:判断推理题。A选项“弥尔顿把撒旦描述成了清教徒”；B选项“不信上帝”；C选项“对英国统治者很满意”；D选项“号召人们反对独裁者”。根据第二段第一句话InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler（在这首诗中，上帝不过是一个残忍自私的统治者）以及第三段第一句AdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman（亚当和夏娃显示了弥尔顿对人的力量的信仰），由此答案选B。A，D选项文章没有提及，C选项错误。

第3题:判断推理题。A选项“撒旦是坏人”；B选项“和《圣经》描述的不一样”；C选项“一个自私且残酷的恶魔”；D选项“愚蠢的恶鬼”。根据题干定位到文章第一段最后一句话BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch（通过描绘撒旦和他的追随者们以及他们的话语和勇敢的行动，弥尔顿表明清教徒反抗独裁者和反对既定的天主教和英国圣公会教堂），从这里可以看出，作者对撒旦的行为是欣赏的，而A、C、D选项都是反义选项，所以答案选B。

第4题:判断推理题。A选项“如果亚当和夏娃没有吃禁果，人类到现在还会无知”；B选项“上帝表现得像独裁者”；C选项“撒旦和他的追随者在诗中是议会成员”；D选项“在这首诗中天使被描绘得很愚蠢”。根据题干定位到第三段第二三句话Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtoanintelligentandactivelife.（上帝不给他们追求知识的机会。正是对知识的渴望为人类开辟了一条通往智慧和积极生活的宽阔道路），由此可以推测，如果不是人类自己努力，上帝是不可能主动给他们带来智慧的，所以A可以推测；定位到第二段第一句话InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler（在这首诗中，上帝不过是一个残忍自私的统治者），从这里便可推测出B选项；定位到第三段最后一句话ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicanParliament（但是撒旦和他的追随者，在会议中自由地讨论所有问题，让我们想起共和党的议会）从这里我们不能推测出撒旦及其追随者是议会成员，只能说作者暗指撒旦及其追随者是现实中的议会成员，所以答案选C；定位到第二段倒数第二句话Hisangelsarestupid（他的天使很愚蠢），从这里就可以知道D。

第5题:判断推理题。A选项“赞美上帝创造了世界”；B选项“批评英国统治者的残暴”；C选项“改变人们对撒旦的不良印象”；D选项“表达他对与撒旦战斗的支持”。定位到第一段第二句话InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”，butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem（用弥尔顿的话说，写这部史诗的目的是“为上帝对待人类的方式辩护”，但显然，弥尔顿在诗中表达了他对统治者残忍的强烈憎恨），由此可知答案选B。A选项错误，因为全文描写的是对上帝的批判，没有赞美上帝；C、D选项文中没有提及。

9.单选题

Technologyisatwo-edgedsword.Rarelyisthisasclearasitisintherealmofhealthcare.Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.Forsomeoneinneedoftreatment,that’sgoodnews.Butforsomeoneinsearchofajoboraninsurancepolicy,thetidingscanbeallbad.

LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.Thenwouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilandcriminalpenalties.Theplanwas,saidClinton,“anunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.”

Whiletheadministrationbilledtherulesasanattempttostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofconsumersandthoseofthehealth-careindustry,neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy.Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy,pointingtoaprovisionallowingmanaged-careplanstousepersonalinformationwithoutconsentifthepurposewas“health-careoperations.”That,physicianssaid,wasaloopholethroughwhichHMOsandotherinsurerscouldpryintothedoctor-patientrelationship,inthenameofassessingthequalityofcare.Meanwhile,theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforprivacybreachesby“businesspartners’’suchaslawyersandaccountants.Bothgroupsagreedthatprivacyprotectionswoulddriveupthecostofhealthcarebyatleastanadditional$3.8billion,andmaybemuchmore,overthenextfiveyears.Theyalsocomplainedabouttheincreasedleveloffederalscrutinyrequiredbythenewrules’enforcementprovisions.

Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.Todayvariouscancersandsexuallytransmitteddiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage.Thefearisreal:ClintonaidesnotedthataJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesfoundthatoneinsixU.S.adultshadatsometimedonesomethingunusualtoconcealmedicalinformation,suchaspayingcashforservices.

51.Theauthorbeginshisarticlewith“technologyisatwo-edgedsword”to____.

52.AccordingtotheproposalmadebyPresidentClinton,patientswillbeabletodothefollowingEXCEPT____.

53.Doctorstendtothinkthattherules____.

54.TheexampleoftheJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesisusedtoshowthat____.

55.Fromthearticlewecanlearnthat____.

问题1选项

A.showthatdoctor’simproperuseoftechnologycanendupinbadresults

B.callonpeople’sattentiontothepotentialdangertechnologycanbringtous

C.warnoftheharmpatientsarepronetosuffer

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftechnology

问题2选项

A.beopenwiththeirdoctors

B.decidehowtousetheirmedicalinformation

C.enjoymorerightstotheirmedicalrecords

D.suetheirinsurersforimproperuseoftheirmedicalrecords

问题3选项

A.mayruindoctor-patientrelationship

B.candomoreharmthangood

C.willpreventdoctorsfromdoingmedicalresearch

D.willendupinmorehealthcarecostandpoorermedicalservice

问题4选项

A.alargeportionofpatientswouldratherleavetheirdiseasesuntreated

B.concealingmedicalinformationiswidespreadintheU.S.

C.Americanpatients’concealmentoftheirmedicalinformationhasbecomeabigconcern

D.payingcashformedicalserviceisacommonpracticeamongAmericanpatients

问题5选项

A.Americangovernmentwilltightenitscontrolovertheuseofpatients’personalinformation

B.thenewrulesputinsurersinaverydisadvantageousposition

C.doctorsandinsurersarebothagainsttherulesforthesamereasons

D.patientsareentitledtohavecompletecontroloftheirmedicalinformation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】51.目的意图题。题干“作者的文章以‘科技是一把双刃剑’开始是为了____”，由此可知，本题问的是作者第1段写“科技是一把双刃剑”的目的。后文着重写技术带来的隐患——医疗信息泄露的问题，第2段第1句LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.（上周，克林顿总统向国会提出了《病人权利法案》的一个必然结果：医疗隐私权。）由此可知，作者写第1段是为了引出下文关于医疗隐私权的问题，即互联网技术可能带来的潜在问题，B选项“呼吁人们注意技术可能给我们带来的潜在危险”，表述符合题意。A选项“证明医生对技术的不当使用会导致不良结果”，可定位到第1段第2句Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.（技术允许医生检测他们的病人的基因缺陷，然后通过互联网将结果传遍全世界。）由此可知，科技这把双刃剑在医疗领域主要涉及医疗信息的便捷传播带来的影响，这并不是医生对技术的不当使用，选项表述错误，排除；C选项“提醒病人可能遭受的伤害”，表述不正确，作者侧重将医疗隐私泄漏的问题，与harm“（故意）伤害”还是有点区别，排除；D选项“展示技术的优点和缺点”，本文作者侧重讲技术的不良影响，该选项关于表述不够准确，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

52.事实细节题。题干“根据克林顿总统的提议，患者还可以进行以下操作，除了____”，可定位到第2段。B选项“决定如何使用他们的医疗信息”，可定位到第2段第2句Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.（从2002年开始，根据2月即将生效的法规，病人将有权规定透露其个人医疗资料的条件。）由此可知，患者可以规定其信息的使用条件即如何使用他们的信息，选项表述符合原文，排除；C选项“对自己的医疗记录享有更多权利”，可定位到第2段第3、4句Thenwouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.（然后就可以检查他们的记录并做出更正。他们就能知道还有谁看过这些信息。）由此可知，患者有了检查并更正自己记录的权利，还能知道谁看过这些信息，选项表述符合原文，排除；D选项“起诉他们的保险公司滥用他们的医疗记录”，可定位到原文第2段第5句Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilacriminalpenalties.（护理人员或保险公司对记录的不当使用可能导致民事或刑事处罚。）由此可知，患者有权起诉他们的保险公司滥用他们的医疗记录，选项表述与原文一致，排除。A选项“对他们的医生开诚布公”，可定位到最后一段第1句Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.（新规定的目的是为了让病人对自己的隐私放心，从而鼓励他们对医生开诚布公。）由此可知，鼓励患者对医生开诚布公是目的，而不是克林顿的题议，选项表述符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

53.事实细节题。题干“医生倾向于认为（克林顿的）规定____”，可定位到第3段第2、3句Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy,…That,physicianssaid,wasaloopholethroughwhichHMOsandotherinsurerscouldpryintothedoctor-patientrelationship,…（医生们认为，这些规定实际上可能会侵犯隐私，……医生们认为，这是一个漏洞，医疗保健机构(HMO)和其他保险公司窥探医患关系……）由此可知，医生认为规定的弊端更明显，B选项“弊大于利”表述符合原文。A选项“可能会破坏医患关系”表述错误，不是会破坏医患关系，而是保险公司可能会窥探医患关系，排除；C选项“会阻止医生进行医学研究”、D选项“最终会导致更多的医疗费用和更差的医疗服务”原文并未提及，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

54.目的意图题。题干“关于普林斯顿调查委员会1月份民调的例子是用来表明____”，可定位到最后一段。最后一段，第1句内容：这些规定的目的之一是让病人对自己的隐私放心，从而鼓励他们对医生开诚布公；第2句内容：各种癌症和性传播疾病都可能得不到治疗，因为患者害怕尴尬或失去保险。最后一句即这个例子：Thefearisreal:ClintonaidesnotedthataJanuarypoll…,suchapayingcashforservices.（这种担忧是真实存在的：克林顿的助手指出，普林斯顿调查研究协会今年1月进行的一项调查发现，六分之一的美国成年人曾做过一些不同寻常的事情来隐瞒医疗信息，比如用现金购买医疗服务。）由此可知，患者因为害怕尴尬或失去保险，而隐瞒病情，导致有些特殊疾病得不到治疗（这是一个问题），而民调的这个例子说明，美国人中这种害怕真实存在，即有很多美国人这么做，C选项“在美国，病人对医疗信息的隐瞒已经成为一个大问题”，表述符合原文。A选项“很多病人宁愿不治疗他们的疾病”，表述错误，患者们不是宁愿不治疗，而是害怕尴尬或失去保险，排除；干扰选项B“隐瞒医疗信息在美国很普遍”，表述不完整，不仅仅是隐瞒医疗信息很普遍，更重要的是隐瞒这些信息导致各种癌症和性传播疾病可能得不到治疗，排除；D选项“在美国病人中，用现金支付医疗服务是一种常见的做法”，这只是民调中的一个例子，不是作者写这个民调的目的，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

55.判断推理题。A选项“美国政府将加强对患者个人信息使用的控制”，可定位到第2段第1句LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.（上周，克林顿总统向国会提出了《病人权利法案》的一个必然结果：医疗隐私权。）由此可知，美国政府计划通过新的法案加强对医疗隐私权的规定，根据法案内容可知，规定都是关于医疗信息使用的。选项表述符合原文。B选项“新规定使保险公司处于非常不利的地位”，可定位到原文第3段第4句theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.（保险公司抗议说，这些规定将使他们容易受到诉讼。）第5句Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforprivacybreachesby“businesspartners’’suchaslawyersandaccountants.（他们尤其感到不安的是，有一项条款要求他们对律师和会计师等“商业伙伴”的隐私侵犯负责。）由此可知，新规定对保险公司的行为增加了限制，但这是为了规范他们的行为，保护隐私权，不能证明保险公司处于不利地位，除非这家保险公司想做一些违反规定的事情。选项表述不符合原文，排除；C选项“医生和保险公司都因为同样的原因而违反规定”，可定位到原文第3段。根据这段内容可知，医生和保险公司因为一些不同的原因都对规定不满，并且都认为该规定会增加医疗保健成本，都抱怨增加政府的审查。由此可知，没有依据表明他们因为相同的原因而违反规定，选项表述不符合原文，排除；D选项“患者有权完全控制自己的医疗信息”，可定位到第2段最后一句Theplaywas,saidClinton,“anunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.”（克林顿说，这是“让美国人重新掌握自己的医疗记录的前所未有的一步”。）由此可知，这只是美国人重新掌握自己的医疗记录的一大步，还不能完全控制，选项表述错误，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

10.单选题

Thedrillshipwasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,（）samplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.

问题1选项

A.suspending

B.locating

C.dispensing

D.extracting

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suspend“延缓，推迟”；locate“位于”；dispense“免除；分配”；extract“提取；提炼”。句意：钻探船能够在海面保持稳定的位置，并能够钻进深海，从海底______沉积物和岩石样本。根据句意可知选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

MotherNaturehasoutpacedscienceonceagain:thebarehumanfootisbetterforrunningthanonecushionedbyshoes.Whataboutthose$125hi-techrunningshoeswith648customcombinations?Tossthem,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNature.

“Mostpeopletodaythinkbarefootrunningisdangerousandhurts,”DanielLieberman,aprofessoratHarvard,saidinapreparedstatement.“Butactuallyyoucanrunbarefootontheworld’shardestsurfaceswithouttheslightestdiscomfortandpain...Itmightbelessinjuriousthanthewaysomepeopleruninshoes.”

Liebermanused3-Dinfraredtrackingtostudythestrikestyleofthreegroupsofrunners:peoplewhohadalwaysrunbarefoot,peoplewhohadalwaysrunwithshoe