考研考博-英语-山东中医药高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东中医药高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Byevacuatingtheinhabitantsinthedenselypopulatedareasofthecityandestablishingtemporaryshelters,thecity（）itselfforapossiblenewquake.

问题1选项

A.bolted

B.braced

C.reinforced

D.strapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:bolt“筛选；拴上；脱口而出”；B:brace“支撑；预备；准备”；C:reinforce“加固；强化；增援”；D:strap“用带捆扎；用皮带抽打”。句意：通过疏散该城市人口密集区域的居民，建立临时庇护所，全城做了可能再发生一场地震的防备。根据语境和句意可知B为正确答案。

2.单选题

Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandage,ourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlife,yourbodysystembegantoweaken.Yourjointmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.

Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexercisesyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescencewanttoknow:Whydopeoplegrowold?Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.

Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.

Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquickly,lifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturies,ratherthaninyears!

1.Whenpeoplebecomeaging,theywilllosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury,“bounceback”heremeans（）.

2.Inordertolivelonger,（）.

3.Whyaresomescientistsinterestedinstudyingsenescence?

4.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeofliving,because（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,“spans”means（）.

问题1选项

A.toimproveinhealthafterone’sdiseaseandinjury

B.torunfast

C.torecoverfromdiseaseandinjury

D.tojumpafterrecovering

问题2选项

A.weshouldpostponetheprocessofaging

B.weshouldtrytodosomeexercise

C.wehavetotrytobeonadiet

D.weshouldkeepinhighspirits

问题3选项

A.Theymaybeabletofindbetterwaystoourlife.

B.Iftheypindownthebiochemicalprocessthatmakesusage,therewillbehopeforextendingthelengthoflife.

C.Theywantfindoutifthereisalinkbetweenhowefficientlyacellcouldrepairitselfandhowlongacreaturelives.

D.Theywanttoincreasethegeneralabilityofourbodies.

问题4选项

A.theyhaveaverygoodunderstandingofthemselvesandtheoutsideworld

B.theyhavenothingtodoalldaylongonlytowatchtheirgrandchildrengrowinguparoundthem

C.theyhavecomethroughthebattleoflifesafely

D.theyconsidertheirlifehasbeenasuccessfulone

问题5选项

A.alongperiodoftime

B.alengthoftime

C.alongdistancefromoneplacetoanother

D.longevity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第一段的第五句“Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheir

2.信息推断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtoslowor

3.事实细节题。根据第二段的最后一句“Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.”他们希望通过在细胞层次上研究衰老过程，医学可能延长人们的寿命。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后一句“Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.”选项A符合原文。

5.词汇推断题。根据原文句意：lifespans将来也许会以几个世纪来计算，而不是以几年来计算。由此可推断，spans指时间的长短。所以选项B正确。

3.填空题

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改为that

【解析】【考查点】强调句。

【解题思路】Itis…that…为强调句，此题强调这种对话的重要性，引导词用that。

【句意】当我们想方设法提高阅读能力，以匹配更高的学习水平和随之而来的新要求时，这种对话尤为重要。

4.单选题

Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming（）.

问题1选项

A.dwarfed

B.incorporated

C.correlated

D.blurred

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dwarfed“矮小的”；B选项incorporated“合并的”；C选项correlated“有互相关系的”；D选项blurred“模糊的，记不清的”。句意：在当今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正变得越来越（）。按照选项和题干的意思，可以判断出此处想要表达的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（边界）变得越来越模糊。”因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecametheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithasacertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecominghystericalanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysadpeople—clownwithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingwittilycalledthem,“tite”boots).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably，inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

1.Thecentralthemeofthisessayis:（）

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2is:（）

3.Whydoestheauthorfeelthatwhenhumorisdissected,itdiesintheprocess?（）

4.Theword“melancholy”inParagraph3probablymeans（）.

5.Inhisfinalsentence,theauthorisevokinganimageof（）.

问题1选项

A.Thereislittlehumorinoldnewsreel.

B.Humorcanbedissectedlikeafrog.

C.Humorisessentiallyamystery,andbecausehumoristsaremoreawareofmelancholy,theyseemsadderthanmostpeople.

D.Humoristsneedtocompensateforthepaintheyhavesuffered.

问题2选项

A.Theauthoroncesawapictureofthelargestsoapbubbleevermade.

B.Thebubbleblowingperformancewasarepulsivesight.

C.Humorisfragile.

D.Laughterisnotameasureofhumor.

问题3选项

A.Thefuninhumorliesinexaminingitscontents.

B.Humormusttantalizethesensesonimpact—ifithastobeexplained,itlosesitseffect.

C.Humorisbestenjoyedbypeoplewithscientificminds.

D.Agoodhumoristshouldexplainhisorherjoketomakesureeveryoneunderstandsit.

问题4选项

A.joy

B.sadness

C.hysteria

D.exhilaration

问题5选项

A.theocean

B.sparklinggerms

C.hightide

D.flowingwater

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:作者认为幽默是生活中的一部分。文章第一段提到了分析师分析幽默的行为。第二段举了吹肥皂泡的例子，引出幽默的本质。最后一段作者提到幽默家并不是真正的快乐。选项C符合题意。

第2题:文章第二段以吹肥皂泡表演开始，接下来提到humorisalittlelikethat,幽默与吹肥皂泡相似：脆弱而又飘忽不定。作者还认为幽默就是一个谜（Essentially,itisacompletemystery）。选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章第一段最后一句话提到Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind，意思就是经过剖析后的幽默除了纯科学头脑，其他人只会变得沮丧。也就是说经过剖析后的幽默断然无存。选项B符合题意。

第4题:题干出现在文章第三段第三句话，后面提到幽默家是靠烦恼致富的，他们能够从烦恼中获得补偿（Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay）。因此melancholy这个词应该是表示消极意思的词。选项B与trouble意思相近，所以符合题意。

第5题:文章最后一句Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe“在光鲜亮丽的外表下，背后遭罪”，选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

问题1选项

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.present礼物；礼品B.token象征；标志

C.mark污点；污渍D.sign迹象；征兆

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交换了戒指）可推知，交换戒指是爱情的象征，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在婚礼上，新郎和新娘交换了戒指作为他们爱情的象征。

7.单选题

Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:

Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.

Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.

Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.

Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.

Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.

Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.

Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.

Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.

Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.

1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat（）.

5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,（）.

问题1选项

A.whatscientistsareworriedabout

B.awell-groundedstatement

C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession

D.notnecessarilytrue

问题2选项

A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.

B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.

C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.

D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.

问题3选项

A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.

B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.

C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.

D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.

问题4选项

A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment

B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases

C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime

D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.

问题5选项

A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder

B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury

C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled

D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.本题可采用排除法。选项A在文中没有提及科学家们的担心,所以不正确；根据第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知选项D错误；结合全文内容可知,本文讲述的是20世纪存在的事实,由此可知是对21世纪的推测,所以选项B表述也不正确；只有选项C正确。

2.根据第二段的内容可知,免疫系统疾病,不仅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系统缺陷或过度活跃的各种情况,都已达到流行病的程度。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,选项B不正确。

4.根据倒数第三段第一句,除了这些不同的趋势之外,影响医疗保健未来的一个更重要的事实是,65岁以上的人口比例将更大。也就是说,尽管未来会有各种疾病,但人类的平均寿命将会变得更长。选项B符合原文。

5.根据关键词“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒数第四段,根据上下文,精神疾病正在影响越来越多的人,每五个美国人中就有一个患有精神障碍。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。选项D符合原文。

8.单选题

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure,toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisethattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?

13.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?

14.Whatdotheyoungrejectmost?

15.Thephrase“shrugoff”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto____.

16.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?

17.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?

18.Thepassageisfocusedon____.

问题1选项

A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.

C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.

问题2选项

A.Values.

B.Theassumptionoftheelders.

C.Conformity.

D.Conventionalideas.

问题3选项

A.getridof

B.takeoff

C.giveacoldshoulder

D.thinkof

问题4选项

A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.

B.Theydislikethepast.

C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.

D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.

问题5选项

A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.

C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork.

问题6选项

A.thegapbetweenoldpeopleandyoungpeople

B.theolddon’tlikevaluestobequestioned

C.theoldgiveguidancetotheyoung

D.theoldcouldlearnfromtheyoung

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:D

【解析】13.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“以下哪个年轻人的特征没有被提到”可定位到原文第1段。

A选项“受教育程度更高”，可定位到本段第4句Theyoungarebettereducated.（年轻人受到了更好的教育。）由此可知，选项表述与原文一致。

B选项“更多的金钱和自由”，可定位到本段第5句Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.（他们有更多的钱可以花，享受更多的自由。）由此可知，选项表述与原文一致。

C选项“独立”，可定位到本段第6句Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.（他们成长得更快，不那么依赖父母。）由此可知，选项表述与原文一致。

D选项“努力工作”，原文并未提及。

2）综合理解：本题要求选择没有被提到的特点，A、B、C选项原文都提到了，属于反向干扰；只有D选项未被提及，符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

14.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“年轻人最排斥什么”可定位到原文第2段。

A选项“价值观”，可定位到本段第2-3句Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.（他们不喜欢自己的价值观受到质疑或威胁。这正是年轻人正在做的事情。）原文仅指出，年轻人质疑老一辈的价值观，而不是选项所说的所有“价值观”，该选项属于过度推理，排除。

B选项“老一辈的设想”，可定位到本段第4句Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.（他们质疑老一辈的设想，扰乱他们的自满情绪。）原文指出年轻人质疑老一辈的设想，可以推断出他们排斥老一辈的设想。

C选项“随大流”，原文并未提及。

D选项“传统的观念”，原文并未提及。

2）综合理解：A选项表述错误，属于过度推理，C、D选项原文并未提及，属于无中生有。B选项表述与原文相符，符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

15.词汇推测题。

1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干定位到原文第3段第1句Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.（这些问题不是老一辈可以轻易____的。）由此可知，shrugoff是老一辈的人对这些问题的行为。

2）上下文语义衔接：上文第2段第4句Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.（他们质疑上一辈的设想，扰乱他们的自满情绪。）由此可知，年轻人的这些问题是对上一辈的某些设想的质疑，挑战的是老一辈的自满。因此，shrugoff是老一辈的人对年轻人质疑的态度或反应。并且，根据第2段第2句Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.（他们不喜欢自己的价值观受到质疑或威胁。）由此可知，他们的态度应该是不喜欢，所以shrugoff的词义应该与不喜欢相关，排除B选项“起飞；脱下；离开”、D选项“认为；想到”。

3）篇章主旨：本题不需要参考。

4）搭配用法：shrugoff的对象是questions（年轻人的质疑），B、D选项不能与之搭配，排除。

5）词汇本身：shrugoff中shrug的意思是“耸肩”，off的意思是“离开”，结合来看，字面意思是“耸肩以脱离”，与C选项giveacoldshoulder“（字面意思）提供一个冷的肩膀”意思最接近，两者的引申义均为“不予理睬”。

综上所述，本题最佳选项为C。

16.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“为什么年轻人强调当下”，可定位到原文第3段倒数第3句Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.（这种对当下的强调是意料之中的，因为年轻人是在炸弹的阴影下长大的：持续不断的彻底毁灭的威胁。）

2）综合理解：由此可知，A选项“他们是在炸弹的阴影下长大的”，表述符合原文。B选项“他们不喜欢过去”、C选项“他们认为当下是最好的”、D选项“他们害怕毁灭”原文均未提及，属于无中生有，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

17.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“老年人能从年轻人身上学到什么”，可定位到原文第3段。本段第5句Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.（老年人，如果他们愿意承认的话，可以从他们的孩子身上学到一两件事。）

A选项“享乐不是罪恶的”，可定位到本段第6句Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.（他们能学到的最重要的一课就是享受并不是“罪恶的”。）由此可知，选项表述符合原文。

B、C、D选项，可定位到本段第8句Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure,toshedrestrictinginhibitions.（享受你的工作，享受你的闲暇，摆脱束缚，当然没有错。）原文提到了享受闲暇时间没有错，但并没有说要有更多的闲暇时间，B选项“人们应该有更多的闲暇时间”属于偷换概念，排除。D选项“我们应该享受自己的工作”，原文有提到，表述符合原文；原文提到“享受你的工作，享受你的闲暇，摆脱束缚”，也就是在享受生活，C选项“人们可以享受生活”表述也符合原文。

2）综合理解：题干问“老年人可以从年轻人身上学到什么”，A、C、D选项表述都符合原文，但是，A选项概括性更强，C、D选项是对A选项“享乐不是罪恶的”的具体例子，因此，本题最佳选项为A。

18.主旨大意题。

1）梳理各段核心句：

第1段：本段第1-3句Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.（老人们总是说年轻人已今非昔比了，同样的观点代代相传，而且总是正确的，这一点从未像今天这样真实。）由此可知，本段主要介绍年轻人和老一辈的不同。

第2段：本段第4句Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.（他们质疑长辈们的假设，扰乱他们的自满情绪。）由此可知，本段主要介绍年轻人对老一辈的质疑。

第3段：本段第5-6句Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.（老年人，如果他们愿意承认的话，可以从他们的孩子身上学到一两件事。他们能学到的最重要的一课就是享受并不是“罪恶的”。）由此可知，本段主要介绍老年人可以从年轻人身上学到的东西，其中一点就是享受不是罪恶的。

总的来说，本文层层深入，先铺垫背景，年轻人与老年人的不同，再说年轻人的质疑，最后落脚点在，老年人可以从年轻人身上学到的东西。题干“这篇文章的重点是____”，D选项“老年人可以向年轻人学习”最符合题意。

2）排除干扰项：

A选项“老年人和年轻人之间的差距”，这是本文第一段的内容，但不是本文的重点，该选项属于本末倒置。

B选项“老人们不喜欢价值观受到质疑”，可定位到第2段第2句Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.（他们不喜欢自己的价值观受到质疑或威胁。）但是原文提到这一点，是为了引出年轻人对老一辈的质疑，所以该选项也不是文章的重点，属于本末倒置。

C选项“老人给年轻人以指导”，可定位到第3段第3句Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.（传统上，年轻人会向长辈寻求指导。）但是原文提到这一点，是为了引出后文Today,thesituationmightbereversed.（今天，情况可能会逆转。）所以该选项也不是文章的重点，属于本末倒置。

综上，本题最佳选项为D。

9.单选题

Inthe1930’s，whenmillionsofcomicbookswere（）theyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

问题1选项

A.inundating

B.imitating

C.immolating

D.insulating

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。inundate“淹没；泛滥”；imitate“模仿；仿制”；immolate“献祭；牺牲”；insulate“隔离；使绝缘”。句意：在1930年代,当数以百万计的漫画书用打斗和杀戮……年轻一代，似乎没有人注意到在街上汽车的暴力更疯狂一些。漫画书无处不在的暴力让年轻人深陷其中，选择“淹没”更符合句意。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

ThewidespreadadoptionoftheInternetandtheWebmakesitpossibletoadministerquestionnairesurveyselectronically,potentiallyachievingmuchgreatercost-effectivenessandpermittingtheintegrationofdatafrommanyresources.Atthesametime,therearesignificanttechnicalchallengesthatmustbemet,especiallyintheareasoflogisticsandsampling.Recognizingtheneedforinnovationinthisandrelatedareas,theNSFMethodology,Measurement,andStatisticsProgram,incollaborationwithaconsortiumoffederalstatisticalagenciesrepresentedbytheInteragencyCouncilofStatisticalPolicyandtheFederalCommitteeonStatisticalMethodology,hasheldaspecialcompetitiononsurveyresearchmethods.Includedamongthetopicareasinthecompetitionannouncementis"secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingsurveydataviatheWeb".

Today'sleadingsocialscientificsurveysareveryexpensiveinterviewstudiesofnationalsamples.Forexample,theGSSadministersa90-minuteface-to-faceinterviewto1500Americanadultsatacostofabout$500perinterview.However,therespondentsarenotatruerandomsamplebecausecostconsiderationswithrespecttotheinterviewer'stravelrequirethatrespondentsberecruitedinalimitednumberofgeographicclusters,andthereisnolistofresidentsfromwhicharandomsamplecouldbedrawn.Thesmallnumberofgeographicareassurveyedlimitsscientists'abilitytolinkGSSdatatoothergeographicallybaseddatasuchastheU.S.census.BecauseofthehighcostandthemanyresearchcommunitiesthatseektimeintheGSS,itisimpossibletoincludemorethanahandfulofquestiononanyparticulartopic.ThispreventstheGSSfromemployingmuchofthebestmethodologyofmeasurementscaleconstruction,whichrequiresinclusionofalargenumberofitems.SurveysliketheGSSwillbeneededinfuturedecadestochartthechangingsocial,economic,andpoliticalconditionsoftheAmericanpublic.Butmanytypesofsocialsciencewilladvancemorerapidlythroughsurveysadministeredovertheweb.

Web-basedsurveyscanreachverylargenumbersofrespondentsatlowcost.Theywillbegeographicallydispersedsothattheirdatacanbe,linkedtothecensus,tolocaleconomicinformation,andtodatafromotherweb-basedsurveys.Itmightnotbepossibletoholdtheintervieweesinterestforthefull90-minutequestionnaireoftheGSS,butshorterdurationsurveysadministeredtoverylargenumberofrespondentscaninaggregateinclude,farmoreitems,therebypermittingmuchfinermeasurementofscientificallyinterestingvariables.ThehighcostofmajornationalsurveysgenerallyhasrestrictedthetopicstudiedtothosethatespeciallyrequirehighlyrepresentativesamplessuchasfamilystructureandeconomicstatusinthePanelStudyofIncomeDynamicsandvotingbehaviorintheAmericanNationalElectionStudy,datafrombothofwhicharenowfreelyavailableovertheweb.Avastarrayofotherscientificresearchareas,therefore,havelanguishedfrommanyyearswithoutthelarge-scalesurveydatathatwouldpermitknowledgetoprogress.

1.AdministeringsurveysviatheWebwouldresultin（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout（）.

3.Whatmakestraditionalsurveysunscientificaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.TheauthorfirmlybelievesthatWeb-basedsurveyswill（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastsentencethat（）.

问题1选项

A.thereductionofcostinvolvedindatacollection

B.secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingdata

C.moreconvincingconclusionsonthematersurveyed

D.allofabove

问题2选项

A.thedifferencesbetweentheWeb-basedandtraditionalsurveys

B.theadvantagesortheWeb-basedsurveys

C.theweaknessofthetraditionalsurveys

D.thecostinvolv