考研考博-英语-南宁师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南宁师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Manychildrenoften（）whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

问题1选项

A.expect

B.wonder

C.assume

D.anticipate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expect“猜想；认为；料想”；B选项wonder“想知道，琢磨”；C选项assume“设想；承担；采取”；D选项anticipate“预期；期盼”。句意：许多孩子经常（）为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞，而我们人类不能。根据语境，wonder“想知道，琢磨”和why搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。

2.翻译题

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.

Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?

Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.

Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”

【答案】【参考译文】凄风细雨，山路蜿蜒，我毫无兴致驱车前往女儿卡罗琳的家。可女儿一定要我前去看看山顶上的景致。

转过一条狭窄的小道我们停下车出来，沿着铺满厚厚一层松针的小路走去。头顶上高大的墨绿色常青树耸入云霄。渐渐地这地方的平和宁静开始令我陶醉。然后我们拐了个弯，我停下了脚步，惊诧不已。

从山顶往下好几英亩的山坡上，满是怒放的水仙花，犹如江河直下，越过山坳，穿过峡谷，一片五彩缤纷：有洁净无比的象牙白，有极其浓郁的柠檬黄，有鲜艳夺目的鲑鱼橙，如同一幅地毯展现在我们而前，令人眼花缭乱。仿佛太阳倾翻了，把一片金光溢泻到了山坡上。

一大堆问题在我的脑海中翻腾。谁创造了这种美景？为什么要创造？又是如何创造的？

我们走近这块宝地中央的屋子，只见一块牌子上写着：我知道你要问的问题，答案如下。答案一：一位妇女，一双手，两只脚，而且天资不高。答案二：一次种一株。答案三：开始于1958年。

驱车回家的路上，我为所见的一切感动不已，无言以对。“她改造了世界，”我终于说道。“一次种一株。她几乎40年前就开始了。当时也许只是一念之闪，但她持之以恒。”这一奇观令我回味良久。“试想，”我说道，“如果我有一个梦想，并为之努力，每天干一点，最后我会做出怎样的成绩呢？”

3.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtoward“directed”or“programmed”research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand.

Atthebeginningofthecentury,however,thesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense;thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemost,assistedbyoneortwotechnicians.Nevertheless,thescientist,oftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitablerooms,wasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationheliked,sincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform.

Asthecenturydeveloped,theincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossible,inmanycases,fortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdata,techniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Theincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.Owingtothelargesumofmoneyinvolved,itwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.This,then,wasprogrammed(programmatic)research.

Oneoftheeffectsofthisorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearch(development),especiallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustryandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlong-rangeinvestigations.

Inconsequence,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsfromthepuretotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailable,frequentlymorehighly-paidandwithbettertechnicalfacilitiesthanjobsconnectedwithpureresearchinauniversity.

Owingtotheinterdependencebetweenpureandappliedscience,itiseasytoseethatthissystem,ifextendedtoofar,carriesconsiderabledangersforthefutureofscience—notonlypurescience,butappliedscienceaswell.

【答案】现代科学技术的一个最新现象是:科学研究越来越朝着“有领导的”或“有计划的”趋势发展，也就是说，研究的范围和目标是由私营机构或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先决定的。

随着本世纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的重要性与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化。这就使单个的科学家在许多情况下无法处理进行精确而又高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备。

因此，科学家不断从纯科学领域转移到应用科学领域，因为这一领域有更多的工作机会。同大学里的纯理论研究工作相比，这些工作的待遇往往更优厚，技术设施也更好。

4.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的倾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。

5.单选题

Whatisperhapsofgreatimportanceisthefactthatshechallengedthedecisionofheremployersandwonthecase（

）.

问题1选项

A.intheextreme

B.tothepoint

C.againstallodds

D.aroundthecomer

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intheextreme“非常，极度”；tothepoint“中肯，切题”；againstallodds“困难重重”；aroundthecomer“即将到来”。语境为：最重要的或许在于，她敢于质疑雇主的决定，并且克服重重困难最终获得胜利。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Languageelementsaretoaliteraturework（

）constructionmaterialstoabuilding.

问题1选项

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。结合句意可知are后面缺个名词做表语，只有what可以，句意为：语言对于文学作品而言就如建筑材料对于建筑物一样。故答案选C。

7.单选题

Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

问题1选项

A.atlength

B.infull

C.onend

D.intime

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。选项A：atlength“最后，详细地”；选项B：infull“全部，充分，充足”；选项C：onend“连续地；竖着”;选项D：intime“及时”。由题意可知，选项C正确。句意：为了给那本新词典写序，这两位学者昨晚连续花了三个小时。

8.单选题

Wecannotbe（）withhimduetohismisbehavioratthemeetingyesterday.

问题1选项

A.Pecked

B.reconciled

C.perturbed

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。peck啄食；perturb感到不安；presumed推定。Bereconcilewith为固定搭配，表示与……和解。

9.填空题

“TheIAEAshouldpositivelyclarifyrelevantproblemsbycooperatingwithIraninafairand_______manner”and“IranshouldbeflexibleandsincerewhencooperatingwiththeIAEA,”Xinhuareported,citingHong.(person)

【答案】impersonal

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知fair和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和fair对应，impersonal意思为“非指个人的，客观的”，符合语境。

【句意】新华社援引洪磊的话说：“国际原子能机构应该以公平、客观的方式与伊朗合作，积极澄清有关问题。伊朗在与国际原子能机构合作时，应该灵活、真诚。”

10.单选题

Nearlyathirdofparentssaytheyfeel（）intotheirhomesbutcannotaffordtomovetoabiggerproperty,areportrevealstoday.

问题1选项

A.squealed

B.squeezed

C.squared

D.sneezed

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格前是feel，因此空格处应填形容词。squealed“大声尖叫的”；persistent”固执的；坚持的“；squeezed”挤压的，拥挤的“；squared”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份报告显示，近三分之一的父母表示，他们觉得自己的家……，但却买不起更大的房子。因此选项B符合题意。

11.翻译题

思维这一主题是心理学的一个研究领域，许多观察者在研究机器人和计算机时都考虑到了这一方面：一些由来已久的关于AI（人工智能）的忧虑与计算机能否思考密切相关。第一批巨大的能快速运算（即使往往不太可靠）并且几乎或完全不能进行创造性活动的电子计算机，不久便被称作“电脑”。接着很快便产生了对这一术语的反应：为了做到恰如其分，人们把计算机称作“高速白痴”，以保护人类的虚荣心。在这样一种氛围里，人们很少考虑计算机可以实际上具有生命的可能性：计算机竟有可能思考，这已经够糟糕的了。但并不是人人都意识到“高速白痴”这一称谓的含义是什么。人们很少提到的是：即使是人类中的白痴，也是地球上最有智慧的生命形态之一，如果早期的计算机就有那么聪明，那已经就是很了不起的事了。

【答案】Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed“electronicbrains”.Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed:Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high-speedidiots”,anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsoftheexpressionthe“high-speedidiot”tag.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

12.单选题

TherailwayticketforonesinglejourneybetweenBeijingandShanghaiis（

）forfivedays.

问题1选项

A.fruitful

B.beneficial

C.valid

D.effective

【答案】C

【解析】句意:北京和上海之间的单程火车票五日内有效。

考查形容词辨析。Fruitful成果丰硕的,富有成效的;beneficial有利的;valid有效的,(正式)认可的,符合逻辑的;effective有效果的,起作用的。这里指火车票的有效时间,故C符合句意。

13.单选题

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

问题1选项

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词，从句：had＋动词过去分词。

试题答案：C;haddevoted

14.单选题

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。potential“有潜力的”；prolific“多产的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些创作大量作品的作家那样多产。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldofsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization.TheHomofAfrica,embracingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastfewsmallpoxriddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme(SEP)gotunderwaytherein1971.

Manyofthe25millioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildnessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchformidablecountrywasexacerbatedfurtherbythecontinuouswarfareinthearea.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment."Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—--informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.

Oftentheserumorsturnedouttobecasesofmeasles,chickenpoxorsyphilis—-butnothingcouldbelefttochance.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-year-oldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageintheOgadeninthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungnomadvisitor.LeavingthevillagethenomadhadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Therebeinfected3,000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecook,Ali.Itwasafurther14monthsbeforetheelusive"targetzero"—nofurthercases—wasreached.

Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.Theflowofrumorshasnowdiminishedtoatrickle—buteachmuststillbecheckedbyaqualifiedperson.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeanInternationalCommissioncandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.

1.AliMaowMaalin’scaseissignificantbecausehewasthe（

）.

2.Theworktostampoutsmallpoxwasmademoredifficultby（

）.

3.Thevolunteersmentionedwerepaidto（

）.

4.Nowadays,smallpoxinvestigationsareonlycarriedout（

）.

问题1选项

A.lastpersontobecuredofsmallpoxinSomalia.

B.lastknownsuffererofsmallpoxintheworld

C.firstsmallpoxvictimintheHomofAfrica

D.firstSomaliantobevaccinatedforsmallpox

问题2选项

A.people'sunwillingnesstoreportcases

B.thelackofvaccine

C.thebackwardnessoftheregion

D.theincessantlocalwars

问题3选项

A.findoutaboutthereportedcasesofsmallpox.

B.vaccinatepeopleinremoteareas

C.teachpeoplehowtotreatsmallpox.

D.preventinfectedpeoplefrommovingaround

问题4选项

A.atregulartwo-yearlyintervals

B.whennewsofanoutbreakoccurs.

C.inthoseareaswithprevioushistoryofthedisease

D.byatrainedprofessional

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“AliMaowMaalin”定位到原文首段“Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.”，中文翻译：世界上最后一例已知的天花病例发生在索马里，非洲之角，于1977年10月。受害者是名叫阿里•马林的年轻厨师。他的病例成为医学史上的一个里程碑，因为天花是有史以来第一种被根除的传染病。可以推断出答案选择B“世界上最后一位已知的天花患者”。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段“Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻译为：疫苗用于减少疾病发生率的蔓延，但是，这场“战争”的成功取决于志愿者的工作。这些人是按日计酬的，然后他们为寻找“谣言”一一有关可能是天花病历的信息而步行数百里。可知，A项“人们不愿意报告病历”符合题目描述。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段“Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof‘rumors’—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻译为：这些人是按日计酬的，然后他们为寻找“谣言”一一有关可能是天花病历的信息而步行数百里。可知。A选项“调查发生的天花病例”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文倒数第二段“Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin‘highrisk’areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.”，中文翻译为：即使是现在，搜索工作仍在“高风险”地区和该国中一段时间没有接受检查的地区继续进行。C选项“在那些有这种疾病史的地区”符合题意。

16.单选题

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto（）fortheirfinanciallosses.

问题1选项

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makeup“组成，编造，弥补”；B选项turnup“出现，发生”；C选项fillin“填写”；D选项leanon“依赖，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向当局支付额外的金额，以弥补他们的经济损失。makeupfor意为“补偿，弥补”，选项A正确。

17.单选题

Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.descriptive

B.impressive

C.deceptive

D.indicative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺骗性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根据句意“这辆旧车看起来比实际上要新”可知前文是说车的外表有迷惑性，所以选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

问题1选项

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“whimper”，意为“抽泣，吹口哨”；B选项“whim”，意为“心血来潮，突发奇想”，C选项“whirl”，意为“旋转，回转”，D选项“whistle”，意为“口哨，汽笛声”。句意：最后，小男孩去上学了，并没有多少抗议的念头。因此，B选项符合题意。

19.翻译题

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商务活动对于一个国家及其人民来说，无论怎么强调它的重要性都不过分。在几乎所有发展中国家，经济发展取决于出口贸易的增长，而出口贸易反过来又能创造就业机会并提高生活水平。由于经济发展而增加的对进口物资的需求，这种需求必须以某种方式从外汇交易、出口收入和对外投资中获得资金。没有出口的有力扩张，国家的经济增长速度肯定会放慢。作为一名商务代表，你们的目标从广泛意义上来说显然是尽最大努力提高你们国家的出口创汇能力。

驻外商务代表本身是一种职业，这是早就应该承认的事实，其成功与否与商务代表的慎重选择息息相关。是否有正规教育和专门训练的水平和内容、他们过去的相关经验的多少和内容，以及他们能从国内贸易促进组织(TPO)或商务部获得的什么样的支持，这些都是应该考虑的内容。

20.单选题

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

问题1选项

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。hangon“坚持下去，不挂断”；holdon“坚持，继续”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“开始”。句意：我们不能总是依靠风，所以新的风车应该设计得也能由水驱动。选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

问题1选项

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形，should可以省略。故本题答案选项为D。句意：这位有经验的司机仔细检查了发动机以免在路上发生故障。

22.单选题

Thismonumentimagewasdesignedto（stirup）emotionsofaweandrespect,butcouldscarcelyevokefeelingsofwarmthandaffection.

问题1选项

A.tangle

B.teem

C.stipulate

D.agitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。stirup表示“激起，煽动”；A项tangle“（使）缠结在一起，（使）乱成一团”，B项teem“大量出现，充满”，C项stipulate“规定，保证”，D项agitate“摇动，骚动”。句意：这个纪念碑形象的设计是为了激起敬畏和尊敬的情绪，但几乎不能唤起温暖和喜爱的感情。根据句意可知，该题选择D项正确。

23.单选题

Wedoalotofcollectivethinking,probablymorethananyothersocialspecies,althoughitgoesoninsomethinglikesecrecy.Wedon’tacknowledgethegiftpublicly,andwearenotascelebratedastheinsects,butwedoit.Effortlesslywithoutgivingitamoment'sthought,wearecapableofchangingourlanguage,music,manners,morals,entertainment,eventhewaywedress,allaroundtheearthinayear'sturning.Weseemtodothisbygeneralagreement,withoutvotingorevenpolling.Wesimplythinkourwayalong,passinformationaround,exchangecodesdisguisedasart,changeourminds,andtransformourselves.

Computerscannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,anditisjustaswell.Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus.Itwouldmeanthatsomegrouporother,marvelouslyintelligentandsuperblyinformed,undoubtedlyguidedbyacomputer,wouldbegindecidingwhathumansocietyoughttobelike,say,overthenextfivehundredyearsorso,andtherestofuswouldbepersuaded,onewayoranother,togoalong.Theprocessofsocialevolutionwouldthengrindtoastandstill,andwe'dbestuckintoday'srutforamillennium.

Muchbetterweworkourwayoutofitonourownwithoutgovernance.Thefutureistoointerestinganddangeroustobeentrustedtoanypredictable,reliableagency.Weneedallthefallibilitywecanget.Mostofall,weneedtopreservetheabsoluteunpredictabilityandtotalimprobabilityofourconnectedminds.Thatwaywecankeepopenalltheoptions,aswehaveinthepast.

Itwouldbenicetohavebetterwaysofmonitoringwhatwe'reuptosothatwecouldrecognizechangewhileitisoccurring,insteadofwakingupaswedonowtotheastonishedrealizationthatthewholecenturyjustpastwasn'twhatwethoughtitwasatall.Maybecomputerscanbeusedtohelpinthis,althoughIratherdoubtit.Youcanmakesimulationmodelsofcities,butwhatyoulearnisthattheyseemtobebeyondthereachofintelligentanalysis;ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions;thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever.Thisisinteresting,sinceacityisthemostconcentratedaggregationofhumans,allexertingwhateverinfluencetheycanbringtobear.Thecityseemstohavealifeofitsown.Ifwecannotunderstandhowthisworks,wearenotlikelytogetveryfarwithhumansocietyatlarge.

Still,you’dthinktherewouldbesomewayin.Joinedtogether,thegreatmassofhumanmindsaroundtheearthseemstobehavelikeacoherent,livingsystem.Thetroubleisthattheflowofinformationismostlyone-way.Weareallobsessedbytheneedtofeedinformationin,asfastaswecan,butwelacksensingmechanismsforgettinganythingmuchback.IwillconfessthatIhavenomoresenseofwhatgoesoninthemindofmankindthan1haveofthemindofanant.Cometothinkofit,thismightbeagoodplacetostart.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“computercannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,anditisjustaswell’’(Paragraph2)?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingoptionswouldtheauthorchoose?

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsimulatedmodelsofcities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Weregardcollectivethinkingasecretthatshouldn'tbeexposedtothepublic.

B.Manistheonlyspeciesthatisendowedwiththegiftforcollectivethinking.

C.Collectivethinkingisdoneinhumansocietysometimesunconsciously.

D.Weneedtoreachgeneralagreementtoconductcollectivethinking.

问题2选项

A.Computerscan’tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobabilityaswellasthehumanmindscando.

B.Computerscan'tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,whichisbetterthantheycan.

C.Whethercomputerscanorcan'tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobabilitydoesn’tmeanmuch.

D.Computerscanjustaswelldealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability.

问题3选项

A.Thefuturebecomesmorepredictable.

B.Humanactivitiesandcollectivethinkingshouldbeundermorecontrol.

C.Commonsenseshouldbeappliedtomakepredictions.

D.Wepossesssomesensingmechanismsforinformationfeedback.

问题4选项

A.Simulatedmodelsofcitiescan’tbemade.

B.Arealcitywillexertgreaterininfluencethanasimulatedmodelofcity.

C.Simulatedmodelsofcitiesexertinfluenceontheirinhabitants.

D.Simulatedmodelsofcitiesaredifferentfromtherealonesinthatthelatterhavelifeoftheirown.

问题5选项

A.computerswouldonedaytakecontrolofthehumansociety

B.theworkingsoftheant’smindismorecomplicatedthattheworkingsofthehumanmind

C.socialevolutionwillcometoastopifcomputersareusedtosolveproblems

D.theauthorisn'tverypositiveastowhethercomputerscanmonitorwhatwe’reupto

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:我们认为集体思维是一不应该被公开的秘密。文章指出:我们不公开地承认这个天赋，因此A项不符合原文所述。B:人类是唯一具有集体性思考天赋的物种。文章表明:我们人类相比任何其他社会物种可能进行更多的集体性思考，因此B项不符合原文所述。C:集体性思考在人类社会中有时是无意识地进行的。第一段第一句指出:Wedoalotofcollectivethinking,probablymorethananyothersocialspecies,althoughitgoesoninsomethinglikesecrecy(我们人类相比任何其他社会物种可能进行更多的集体性思考，但该思考却是秘密地进行)。因此C项正确。D:我们需要达成一致意见才可进行集体思维。

第2题:语义题。对于该句句意的理解可参考第二段第二句:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(否则，我们人类可能为了制定长远的计划而被诱惑去控制自己，而那无疑意味着我们的结束)。由此推测B项“计算机不具备处理如此水平的不大可能的事情比具有更好”正确。A:计算机不能像人类大脑那样处理这种不可能的程度，此项只是表达了题干中句子前半部分的意思，故排除。C:计算机能否处理此水平的不大可能的事情并不重要，这与第二段第二句表述不符，故排除。D:计算机也能处理好此水平的不大可能的事情，第二段第一句指出:computercannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability(计算机不具备处理如此水平的不大可能的事情)。因此D项不符合原文所述。本题选B。

第3题:判断推理题。A:未来会更能预测。B:人类的活动和集体性思考应该受到更多的控制。C:应用常识进行预测。D:我们有一些信息反馈的感知机制。第二段第二句指出:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(否则，我们人类可能为了制定长远的计划而被诱惑去控制自己，而那无疑意味着我们的结束)。因此B项错误。第四段指出:ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions:thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever(如果你试图用常识来预测:事情就会变得比以往任何时候都糟糕)。由此可知C项不正确。最后一段指出:butwelacksensingmechanismsforgettinganythingmuchback(但是我们缺乏让任何信息回来的传感机制)。因此D项不正确。本题选A。

第4题:细节事实题。A:城市模拟模型无法制作。B:真实的城市相比模拟的城市模型将施加更多的影响力。C:城市的模拟模型会对其居民施加影响。D:城市模拟模型与真实城市的区别是后者有自己的生活。第四段指出:Youcanmakesimulationmodelsofcities,butwhatyoulearnisthattheyseemtobebeyondthereachofintelligentanalysis;ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions,thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever(你可以建立城市的模拟模型，但你会发现它们似乎超出了智能分析的范围；如果你试图用常识来做预测，事情就会变得比以往任何时候都糟糕)。第五段指出:Still,you’dthinktherewouldbesomewayin…(你仍然觉得有其他方式…)。由此可知A项正确。而其他三项并未被提及。故选A。

第5题:判断推理题。A:计算机终有一天会控制人类社会。B:蚂蚁的思维比人类的思维更复杂。C:如果用计算机来解决问题，社会进化将停止。D:作者对计算机是否能监视我们正在做的事情不是很肯定。第二段第二句指出:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(不然，我们人类可能为了制定长远的计划而被诱惑去控制自己，而那无疑意味着我们的结束)。因此A项不符合原文所述。B项并未被提及，故排除。文章只是说“控制人类自己的那些无意识思考”，并非C项所指的“问题”，故排除。第四段指出:Maybecomputerscanbeusedtohelpinthis,althoughIratherdoubtit(或许电脑能被用来帮助监控我们人类在做什么，但我却非常怀疑这点)，因此D项正确。本题选D。

24.翻译题

II.(本题3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreaso