考研考博-英语-宜春幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宜春幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

问题1选项

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。题目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A选项为“渴望去做某事”；B选项为“迟到”;C选项为“对……漠不关心”；D选项为“开心做某事”。由题意可知，我已经迫不及待要听你的英语课了。因此，正确答案是A项。

2.单选题

Absolutelyoneofthefinestbuysonthemarket.Spacioushomewithlargelivingroom,separate15-footdiningroomwithcrystalchandelierandbuilt-inbuffet,paneledfamilyroomwithfireplace,hugekitchenwithlotsofcabinets,bigcheerybreakfastroom,2.5baths,4hugebedrooms(oneisseparateandcouldbeaplayroomorofferscompleteprivacywithseparateentranceforguests).Thereisacoveredpatioandlandscapedyard.Betterthannewwithdraperiesandnewaircompressor.$160,000.CallLaneHitcher(home)926-6043.

1.Whatroomintheaboveadvertisementisdescribedashavingseveralpossibleuses?

2.Whichroomisdescribedinthemostdetail?

3.Whatdetailisemphasizedinthedescriptionofmostrooms?

4.Onefeatureofthehousethatisnotmentionedis（

）.

5.The“buffet”mentionedinthedescriptionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thediningroom

B.thefamilyroom

C.onebedroom

D.theplayroom

问题2选项

A.thelivingroom

B.thediningroom

C.thefamilyroom

D.thekitchen

问题3选项

A.cheerfulness

B.built-ins

C.typeofchandeliers

D.size

问题4选项

A.thedraperies

B.thewalk-inclosetinthebedroom

C.thelandscapedyard

D.panelinginthefamilyroom

问题5选项

A.alightfixture

B.alargemeal

C.abookcase

D.aservingtableforfood

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词room定位到文章第二句，句中详细提到了许多功能房间，有一个例外，括号中提到“oneisseparateandcouldbeaplayroomorofferscompleteprivacywithseparateentranceforguests一个独立的房间，可以是一个娱乐室或提供完全的私密空间”，而这个房间是4个大卧室中的一间。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。本题需要找出描写最详细的房间，依然在第二句中观察，只有餐厅使用了“separate单独的”、“15-foot15英尺长”、“crystalchandelier水晶吊灯”和“built-inbuffet内置餐台”修饰，因此对于餐厅的描述最为详细。B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。本题需要找出的是房间描述中最为强调的细节。A选项cheerfulness“高兴”相关词汇cheery仅出现在早餐室的描述中；B选项builts-ins“内置设施”出现在厨房的描述中，在描述家庭活动室时使用了“paneledwithfireplace镶嵌着壁炉”同样也是内置设施；C选项“typeofchandeliers吊灯类型”出现在对餐厅的描述中；D选项“size尺寸”只出现在对餐厅的描写中。因此B选项正确。

4.判断推理题。这所房子没有提到的一个细节需要用排除法解决。A选项thedraperies“装饰织物”出现在倒数第二句；C选项thelandscapedyard“带景观的源自”出现在倒数第三句；D选项panelinginthefamilyroom“家庭娱乐室的镶板”出现在第二句中。因此B选项符合题意。

5.词义推断题。Buffet出现在对餐厅的描述中。A选项alightfixture“灯具；照明设备”；B选项alargemeal“一顿大餐”；C选项abookcase“一个书柜”；D选项aservingtableforfood“放置食物的餐桌”。待售房屋的餐厅中应该有的是餐桌，D选项正确。

3.单选题

Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment（

）.

问题1选项

A.whichtheyarehappening

B.theyarehappening

C.whichtheyhappen

D.theyhavehappened

【答案】B

【解析】句意:电视使我们能够看到事情发生的那一瞬间。

语法题。考查名词性从句。moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句，井且根据关键词attheexactmoment可知此处应该用进行吋态，故选B。

4.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.He’slosthisnotebook.

B.Hishandwritingismessy.

C.He’llmissclasslaterthisweek.

D.Hecannotmakeitforhisappointment.

【答案】C

【解析】M:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor’sappointment.AndIneedtoborrowsomeone’snotes.

W:Well,youcancertainlyborrowmine,ifyoudon’tmindmymessyhandwriting.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士说:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor'sappointment(周五我得翘课，因为我约了病诊)。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

1.TherecentspeculationincludesthepossibilitythatthefirstlivingcellsmighthavearisenonMars,seedingEarthviathemanymeteoritesthatareknowntotravelfromMarstoourplanet.

2.Veniceinvitesidlenessandstrolling.Itssilenceisrestfulanditssundialsareinscribedwithwords:Icountonlythehappyhours.

3.Failuretogreetapersonyourecognizeortoansweragreetinggiventoyouisanunkindnesstotheotherperson,andverybadmanners.

4.Everythingcanbetakenfromamanbutonething—thefreedomtochoosehisattitudeinanygivensetofcircumstances.(LeonhardFrand).

5.Thereisagrowingtrendofsendingteenagestudentsabroadtostudy—thenumberhasbeenincreasingdramatically.Theirparentsarefantasizedbymythsabouteducationofferedinforeigncountries.Theyareattractedbytheeducationalexhibitionspresentedbyforeignuniversitiesandcolleges,whichpaintmanyrosypicturesandtellmanyglowtalespromptingthemintoactions.However,sendingyoungchildrentostudyabroadmaynotpredictresultinsuccess.Manyyoungstudentslackadaptabilityandflexibility.

【答案】1.最近的推测包括第一批具有生命的细胞可能出现在火星上，通过很多从火星飞到地球的陨石将上面的种子播种到地球上。

2.威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭漫步的好去处，她从容宁静，闲适悠然，连城中的日冕上都刻着这样的铭文：只记住快乐的时光。

3.不向你认识的人打招呼或不回应别人的问候是不友好，也是非常不礼貌的行为。

4.任何东西都可以从一个人的身上拿走，但有一样不行，那就是在任何特定的环境中选择自己的生活态度的自由。（莱昂哈德•弗兰克）

5.现在越来越流行送十几岁的学生出国留学，而且这个人数也在急剧增加。他们的父母被外国提供的教育神话所迷惑。他们被外国大学和学院举办的教育展所吸引，这些展览描绘了许多美好的画面，讲述了许多激励他们采取行动的光辉故事。然而，送孩子出国留学可能无法预测成功的结果。许多年轻学生缺乏适应能力和灵活性。

6.单选题

Oursondoesn’tknowwhatto（）attheuniversity:hecan’tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.

问题1选项

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeafter

D.takeup

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析。takein“理解，吸收”；takeover“接管”；takeafter“与……相像”；takeup“占据，开始，从事”。句意：我们的儿子不知道在大学里该做什么：他对自己的未来拿不定主意。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Withmorethan150milesofvirtuallynowaterfallsorrapids,theHudsonRiverextendsinlandfrom（

）,theAtlanticOcean.

问题1选项

A.thesourceof

B.whereitssource

C.itssource

D.fromwhichitssourceis

【答案】C

【解析】语法（同位语）题。分析题干可知，空格后的theAtlanticOcean是空格的同位语，所以排除A选项和D选项;B选项的its为物主代词，与后面的名词source构成主语，那就缺少谓语成分，所以B选项排除，所以答案为C选项。

8.单选题

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s（）policies.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】A

【解析】形近词辨析。economic经济学的，经济的；economical节约的，节俭的；economy经济；economics经济学。句意：虽然Smith博士本人不是经济学家，但他长期以来一直是政府经济政策的严厉批评者。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Willyouplease（）thisarticletoseeifthereisanymisprint?

问题1选项

A.lookup

B.goover

C.dwellon

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。lookup“查阅，拜访”；goover“复习，仔细检查”；dwellon“详述，细想”；workout“解决，算出，锻炼”。根据下半句的内容“看看是否有打印错误”，可知应该是仔细检查一下这篇文章，所以选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Onenevercanseethethinginitself,becausetheminddoesnot（

）phenomena.

问题1选项

A.transcend

B.superior

C.pass

D.advantage

【答案】A

【解析】transcend胜过，超越；superior上级的，优秀的；pass经过，传递；advantage有利于，使处于优势。句意：一个人永远无法看到事物本身，因为思想无法超越现象。选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

Euthanasiaisapracticeofmercifullyendingaperson'slifeinorderto_______thepersonfromanincurablediseaseandintolerablesuffering.

问题1选项

A.liberate

B.confine

C.release

D.apprehend

【答案】A

【解析】liberate解放,解脱;confine限制;release释放;apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安乐死是一种仁慈地结束一个人的生命,从而使病人从不可医治的绝症和无法忍受的痛苦中解脱出来的做法。选项A符合句意。

12.翻译题

教育无所不在，可以在任何场合进行，可以在淋浴时，也可以在工作中；可以在厨房里，也可以在拖拉机上，教育既包括在学校的正规学习，也包括整个非正规学习的过程。从德高望重的爷爷奶奶到在电视上就时政展开唇枪舌战的人们；从年幼的孩子到著名的科学家都可以是教育者。一个人从婴儿时期起就开始接受教育。教育是一项终身的活动，是人的一生中自始至终不可或缺的组成部分。

【答案】Educationexistsalmosteverywhere.Itcanbegivenonanyoccasion,forexample,whenyouaretakingashower,ordoingajob,andevenwhenyouareinthekitchenoronatractor.Educationincludesnotonlytheregularattendingschoolforlearning,butalsothenon-normallearningoffschool.Everyonecanbeaneducator,fromthehighly-respectedgrandparentstothecriticswhohavespurredastrongdebateoncurrentpoliticsonTVandfromyoungkidstowell-knownscientists,etc.Onereceiveseducationfrominfancy.Education,asalife-longactivity,isallthewaytheindispensablepartofone’slife.

13.单选题

Eachoftheearlyarticlesabouttelevisionisinvariablyaccompaniedbyaphotographorillustrationshowingafamilycozilysittingtogetherbeforethetelevisionset.JennysatonMom'slap.BuddyperchedonthearmofDad’schair,DadwithhisarmaroundMon’sshoulder.WhocouldhaveguessesthattwentyorsoyearslaterMomwouldbewatchingadramainthekitchen,thekidswouldbelookingatcartoonsintheirroom,whileDadwouldbetakingintheballgameinthelivingroom?

Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous.Thesplinteringofthemultiple-setfamilywassomethingtheearlywriterscouldnotforesee.Nordidanyoneimaginethenumberofhourschildrenwouldeventuallydevotetotelevision,thecommonuseoftelevisionbyparentsasachildpacifier,thechangestelevisionwouldeffectuponchild——rearingmethods,theincreasingdominationoffamilyschedulesbychildren'sviewingrequirements—inshort,thepowerofthenewmediumtodominatefamilylife.

Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents.“Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally.”Writetheauthorsofanearlyandinfluentialstudyoftelevision’seffectsonchildren.Inotherwords,ifthechild’shomelifeisallright,parentsneednotworryabouttheeffectsofallthattelevisionwatching.

Buttelevisiondoesnotmerelyinfluencethechild;itdeeplyinfluencesthe“patternofinfluences’,thatismeanttoameliorateitseffects.Homeandfamilylifehaschangedinimportantwayssincetheadventoftelevision.Thepeergrouphasbecometelevision-oriented,aridmuchofthetimechildrenspendtogetherisoccupiedbytelevisionviewing.Culturegenerallyhasbeentransformedbytelevision.Thereforeitisimpropertoassigntotelevisionthesubsidiaryroleitsmanyapologists(toooftenmembersofthetelevisionindustry)insistitplays.Televisionisnotmerelyoneofanumberofimportantinfluencesupontoday’schild.Throughthechangesithasmadeinfamilylife,televisionemergesastheimportantinfluenceinchildren’slivestoday.

Television’scontributiontofamilylifehasbeenanequivocalone.Forwhileithas,indeed,keptthemembersofthefamilyfromdispersing,ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether.Byitsdominationofthetimefamiliesspendtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother,aqualitythatdependstoagreatextentonwhatafamilydoes,whatspecialrituals，games,recurrentjokes,familiarsongsandsharedactivitiesitaccumulates.

1.ThereasonforwhyearlyillustrationabouttelevisionshowsanentirefamilywatchingTVtogethermightbe（）.

2.Thequotationinthethirdparagraphillustratesthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,televisionbringschangestoallofthefollowingspheresEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatdoestelevisiondotodomesticlifeaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theaimoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleregardedTVasameanstobringtogetherthewholefamily

B.thatearlyTVprogramsweresointersectingthateverybodyisthefamilywasattractedtothem

C.thatpeopleatthattimecouldn’timaginethattheycouldaffordmorethanonetelevisionathome

D.thatpeoplehadamoreleisurelylifethantheydonow

问题2选项

A.televisionexertedagreatinfluenceinsociety

B.someauthorswantedtorelievetheparents’worriesaboutthepossiblenegativeeffectoftelevisiononchildren.

C.televisiondidexertabadinfluenceonchildren

D.televisionchangedthealreadyexistedpatternofinfluences

问题3选项

A.technological

B.religious

C.domestic

D.educational

问题4选项

A.Itdestroystheformerlypeacefulenvironmentthatistypicalofafamily.

B.Itisolateseachindividualfamily.

C.Itsharpensthedifferencebetweenonefamilyandanother

D.Itmakesallfamiliesthesameintermsoftheirdomesticactivities

问题5选项

A.inform

B.comment

C.explain

D.changealong-standingview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous(当然，电视机在早期是非常昂贵的。到1975年，超过60%的美国家庭将拥有两套或更多的电视机，这种想法在当时看来是荒谬的)。因此C项“当时，人们无法想象一个家庭拥有一台以上电视机”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。对第三段引号部分内容的理解可参考第三段第一句:Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents(后来，随着孩子们对看电视时间的增加，加上家长们担心看这么多电视可能产生的影响，早期有一个很有影响力的关于电视对孩子影响的研究，其作者不断重复的话让很多家长消除了忧虑)。因此选B项“一些作者想消除家长对于看电视会对孩子产生的负面影响方面的担忧”。

第3题:细节事实题。第三段第二句指出:Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally(电视总是会通过进入已经存在的影响模式产生影响：家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化)。因此，此题选A项“技术”。

第4题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother(它通过支配家人在一起的时间，毁掉了每个家庭独一无二的特性)。因此D项“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正确。

第5题:作者意图题。文章主要阐述了现在电视对人类生活产生的影响，如家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化等各个方面，因此C项“阐述”正确。

14.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。

2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。

A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。

15.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】D选项indignant意为“愤慨的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误的时候，史密斯先生变得非常（），应选D。A选项ingenious聪明的；B选项empirical经验主义的；C选项objective客观的；D选项indignant愤慨的。D选项indignant符合句意。

16.翻译题

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水层).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的报告表明，在奋力为人民找到充足水源的许多国家中，应该承担责任的是政府，而不是地理环境。

2.联合国最近的几项研究表明，在世界上越来越多的地区，缺水正阻碍粮食生产和经济发展。

3.如果问题基本上是政府自身的过失，政府很容易怪罪于地理环境。

4.它形成了鲜明的对比，有的国家恰如其分地管理了水资源，而有的国家没有。

5.美国和日本分别排在第32位和第36位，这主要是因为他们收集和使用水的方式造成浪费且破坏环境。

17.单选题

Thetoolsoftheinformationagecanreinforce,ratherthanerode,thelocalcharacterofknowledgesystem.

问题1选项

A.transform

B.spoil

C.replace

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.transform使改变外观（或性质）B.spoil破坏，搞坏，毁掉（把好的东西变成坏的、令人不快的、无用的东西）

C.replace代替，取代D.diminish减少，（使）减弱，降低（某物变小、变弱）

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】erode的意思为“逐渐毁坏，削弱，损害（摧毁某物或使其变得更弱）”，有破坏的意思，和reinforce“加强；加固”的意思相反，这里指信息时代的工具不会破坏知识体系的地方性，反而会巩固和加强其地方性，spoil表示破坏和毁掉，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项词义与之不符；

D选项侧重于减弱，没有到破坏的地步，词义不同。

【句意】信息时代的工具可以巩固加强而不是破坏知识体系的地方性。

18.单选题

Thecrowdcheeredin（

）whentheplayerscaughttheball.

问题1选项

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition“识别；承认，认出；”;appreciation“欣赏，鉴别;感谢”;interaction“相互作用”；participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer与caughttheball可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼，对球员表示赞赏，因此选项B符合题意。句意：当球员接住球时，观众欢呼表示赞赏。

19.单选题

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds―parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不断积累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney（includinglostwages）,isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits-astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylaws-governingchildren'swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

问题1选项

A.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

问题2选项

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

问题3选项

A.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

B.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

问题4选项

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B.Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

问题5选项

A.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.去年春天，其中之一的澳大利亚放弃了这一可疑的区别，从2011年开始实行带薪产假。我一点也不惊讶，这并没有成为美国的新闻——我们现在是唯一一个没有这样的政策的富裕国家。”据此可知美国仍然没有实行带薪产假。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.事实上，当（通常）民主党领导人试图在法律中引入工作与家庭平衡的措施时，每一步都遭到了商业团体的强烈反对。”据此可知B项“遭到商业界的反对”正确。

3.细节事实题。AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.正如耶鲁大学法学教授安妮•奥尔斯托特（AnneAlstott）所指出的那样，要证明父母支持子女的合理性，就必须将家庭定义为一种社会有利的单位，在某种意义上，社会必须为此买单。可知Anne教授认为社会应该支持parentalsupport，因为家庭是对社会有利的单位，孩子良好的教养对社会有利。故A项正确。B项“在美国，养育孩子的成本一直在增长。”和C项“美国应该赶上其他发达国家。”以及D项“孩子们需要持续的照顾”与Anne的观点无关。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,