考研考博-英语-太原科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

MarywasashyWomanandtook______behindaratherforbiddingbluntnessofmanner.

问题1选项

A.refuge

B.kindness

C.fright

D.appearance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。refuge“避难”；kindness“好意”；fright“惊吓”；appearance“外貌”。句意：玛丽是一个害羞的女人，遇到令人害怕的直率行为就赶紧躲避。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Besidescoldtemperatures,shortgrowingseasonsandheavysnowsalsoprevent（

）athighelevations.

问题1选项

A.andgrowthoftrees

B.thegrowthoftrees

C.treesaregrowing

D.growtrees

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓结构。句意：除了寒冷的气温，在高海拔地区，较短的生长季节和严重的降雪也会阻止树的生长。prevent为谓语，其后接宾语，应用名词形式。只有B项符合题意。

3.单选题

Itwasreally（）ofyoutoremembermybirthday.

问题1选项

A.grateful

B.considerate

C.considerable

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项grateful“感谢的，令人愉快的”；B选项considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，例句：I’vealwaysunderstoodoneshouldtryandbeconsiderateofotherpeople.（我一直认为一个人应该尽量为他人着想。）；C选项considerable“相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的”，例句：Hebroughttothejobnotjustconsiderableexperiencebutpassionateenthusiasm.（他不仅给这一工作带来了不少经验，而且倾注了极大的热情。）；D选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”。句意：你还记得我的生日，真是太体贴了。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Theirfindingsareconsistentwithsomeoftheestablishedtheoriesonlongevity.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.coherent

C.compact

D.competent

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词辨析。consistent表示“一致的”。A项compatible“兼容的，能共处的”，B项coherent“连贯的，一致的”，C项compact“紧凑的，坚实的”，D项competent“胜任的，有能力的”；句意：他们的发现与一些关于长寿的既定理论相一致。根据句意该题选B。

5.单选题

Hecarriedapalebonewhichhekeptthrowingoutintotheduneforthebirddogto______.

问题1选项

A.cast

B.trace

C.chase

D.retrieve

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cast“扔，掷，抛”；B选项trace“寻找到，追踪”；C选项chase“追赶，追捕”；D选项retrieve“（从不属于某物应该在的地方）找回，取回”。句意：他拿着一根白骨，不断把它扔到沙丘里，让猎鸟犬去______。骨头被反复扔到沙丘里，就是为了让狗去取回，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Ididn’tknowitthen,butthisdisruptivewayofreadingstartedwiththeveryfirstnovelIeverpickedup.

问题1选项

A.harmful

B.persistent

C.interruptive

D.characteristic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。

7.单选题

Marriagetherapiststeachaskillcalledactivelistening.Eachpartnertakesaturnlistening,thenparaphraseswhathe'sheardandvalidatesit.Thereis,however,aproblem.Itrarelyworks.For80percentofcouples,activelisteningistooharD.Itfeelswooden,likeemotionalgymnastics.Nordoes"fightingwellpredicthappymarriages".Evenhappycoupleshavescreamingmatches.Everytimeyouraiseahot-buttonissue,suchasthein-lawsormoney,doesyourhusbandsuddenlyclamup?Morethan80percentofthetime,it'sthewifewhobringsupstickymaterialissues,whilethehusbandtriestoavoiddiscussingthem.Thisisn'tasymptomofatroubledmarriage—it'strueinmosthappymarriages.

You'lloftenhearthatstayinginabadmarriageisworseforeverybodyconcerned—especiallythechildren—thangettingdivorceD.Thatmaybetrueifyourhomeissoriddledwithhostilitythatit'slikeawarzone.ButUniversityofChicagosociologistLinderJ.Waitesaysshehasfoundthat75percentofcoupleswhoratedtheirmarriagesasmiserablebutstayedofmarriedwerehappyfiveyearslater.

Weusuallythinkthestrongestmarriagesarethosethatsurvivemajortraumas,suchasbankruptcyoranextramaritalaffair.Butfrequently,dealingwiththelittlethings,thosedailyannoyances,eatawayatamarriage."Everycoupleexperiencesdisappointmentasinitialromanceandpassionfadeandtheydiscoveralltheirdifferences,"saysWolin."Hedoesn'tdoenoughhousework.Sheistooemotional.HewatchestoomuchTV.She'stoolenientwiththekids.Peoplethinkthesedifferencesasproblem,butthey'reactuallyopportunitiestobuildmaritalmuscles."

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactivelistening?

2.Thephrase"clamup"inLine5means（）.

3.WeknowfromParagraph1thattheauthorthinksthatahappymarriage（）.

4.Whatisimpliedinthepassageaboutdivorceinthepassage?

5.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Activelisteningisnecessaryifyouwantto"fightwell".

B.Amajorityofcouplesdoesn'tpracticeactivelistening.

C.Activelisteningdoesn'tensurehappymarriages.

D.Activelisteninghasproventobealittleimpractical

问题2选项

A.shutup

B.gelup

C.backup

D.tightenup

问题3选项

A.isalwaysfullofromanceandpassion

B.requiresthetoleranceofthehusband

C.maynotbefreeofquarrelsandfights

D.excludesthediscussionofstickymartialissues

问题4选项

A.Abadmarriageshouldendupindivorcetoavoidfurtherharm.

B.Divorceisnotthebestsolutiontoabadmarriage.

C.Mostcouplesgetdivorcedforthesakeoftheirchildren.

D.Divorceismuchbetterthansufferinginabadmarriage.

问题5选项

A.Dailyannoyancescandoharmtomarriages.

B.Marriageisnotforromanceandpassion.

C.Survivingmajormisfortuneshelpstrengthenmarriages.

D.Differencesareessentialforhappymarriage.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,activelistening和fightwell是婚姻生活发生问题时截然不同的两种处理方式,前者是冷静的交流沟通,后者是激烈对峙。但activelistening并没有起到什么作用,大部分的夫妻都不采取,所以选项A描述错误。

2.根据下一句的内容"Morethan80percentofthetime,it'sthewifewhobringsupstickymaterialissues,whilethehusbandtriestoavoiddiscussingthem."超过80%的时间,是由妻子引起争吵话题的,而丈夫总是避免讨论这些话题。由此可以推断,clamup与avoiddiscussingthem意思接近。所以选项A正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第一段的最后一句"Thisisn'tasymptomofatroubledmarriage—it'strueinmosthappymarriages."争吵打闹并不是只岀现在问題婚姻中,即便是幸福婚姻也很难避免这类事情发生。选项A在文中没有提及,选项B和D太片面,而选项C符合原文。

4.细节推斷题。根据题干关键词divorce定位到第二段,根据下文"75percentofcoupleswhoratedtheirmarriagesasmiserablebutstayedofmarriedwerehappyfiveyearslater."75%认为自己婚姻不幸的夫妻坚持在一起5年之后,也过得幸福了。由此推断,作者认为离婚并不一定是最好的解决办法。选项B符合原文。

5.段落主旨题。根据最后一段的内容：我们通常认为,最牢固的婚姻是那些能挺过重大创伤的婚姻,比如破产或婚外情。但通常,处理一些小事情,那些日常的烦恼,也会侵蚀婚姻。选项A最能概括最后一段的大义。

8.单选题

Manypeoplewhoareotherwisecommittedtolow-carbonlife-styleswill（）fromparticipatinginanactionthatmightinvolvesignificantlevelsofpoliceharassmentorevenviolence.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.betakenoff

C.putoff

D.beputoff

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配和语法题。takeoff“离开，起飞”；putoff“脱下”。句意：许多坚持低碳生活的人将拒绝参加那些大量警察干预甚至暴力的行动。所以是主动从这些活动中离开，不参加。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有这些润滑剂并不能改变人已经变得毫无力量的事实）可知C选项“与社会其他部分相比不重要的一部分，尽管运行平稳”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他们生老病死，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实）可知D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和独立性”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，或者比竞争对手强，这就产生了持续的焦虑和压力）可知D选项“能远离这个竞争激烈的世界的人”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（变成一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业中，在这里人及其潜能——爱和理性——的充分开发是所有社会安排的目的）可知C选项“使人能充分发挥自己的潜力”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由文章第一段的内容可知作者将社会比作一个机械，人只是这个机械中的一个小齿轮，并对其进行了讽刺和批评，因此B选项“不满”符合题意。

10.单选题

Whydosomenewproductssucceed,bringingmillionsofdollarstoinnovatingcompanies,whileothersfail,oftenwithgreatlosses?Theanswerisnotsimple,andcertainlywecannotsaythat"good"productssucceedwhile"bad"productsfail.Manyproductsthatfunctionwellandseentomeetconsumerneedshavefallenbythewayside.

Sometimes,virtuallyidenticalproductsexistinthemarketatthesametimewithoneemergingasprofitablewhiletheotherfails.McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,yetBristol-MeyersenteredthelestmarketataboutthesametimewithNeotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.

Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.Anynewproductconceptionshouldbeaimedatmeetingacustomerneed,andtheintroductorypromotionshouldseektocommunicatethatneed-satisfyingqualityandmotivatethecustomertotrytheproduct.Often,attitudechangeisinvolved,and,intheextreme,changesinlife-stylemaybesought.

Herethecompanywalksatightrope,anewproductismorelikelytobesuccessfulifitrepresentsatrulynovelwayofsolvingacustomerproblembutthisverynewness,ifcarriedtoofar,mayaskthecustomertoteamnewbehaviorpatterns.Thecustomerwillmakethechangeiftheperceivedbenefitissufficientbutinertiaisstrongandcustomerswilloftennotgototheeffortthatisrequired.DuringthelatesixtiesandearlyseventiesBristol-Meyersmetwithnewproductfailuresthatexemplifybothoftheseproblems.In1967and1968thecompanyenteredthemarketwitha$5millionadvertisingcampaignforFacttoothpaste,andan$11millioncampaigntoprorateResolve,Bothproductsfailedquickly,notbecausetheydidn’tworkorbecausetherewasnoconsumerneedbutapparentlybecauseconsumersjustcouldseenoreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.

1.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphisaquestiontowhichtheansweris（）

.

2.WhatareTylenolandNeotrend?

3.Thesuccessorfailureofaproductseemstobedeterminedbyanumberoffactors,oneofwhichtheauthoremphasizesisthecustomer'sperceptionoftheproduct's（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays"thecompanywalksatightrope"(Sentence1,paragraph3)?

5.Bristol-MeyersfailedinpromotingFacttoothpasteandResolvebecause（）

.

问题1选项

A.thatthegoodproductssucceedwhilethebadfail

B.thatthe“good”arenotreallygoodbutthe“bad”areactuallybad

C.thatnewproductswillsucceediftheyfunctionwellandfailiftheydon’t

D.notgivenintheparagraph

问题2选项

A.Theyarenamesoftwodrugmanufacturers.

B.Theyareprobablytwonewbrandsofmedicinewhichserveasasubstituteforaspirin.

C.TylenolisadrugmanufacturerwhereasNeotrendisanewsubstitutemedicineforaspirin.

D.Theyareprobablythenamesofchemistswhoinventedthenewmedicine.

问题3选项

A.qualityandprice

B.usefulnessanddurability

C.need-satisfyingcapability

D.appearanceandinnerpacking

问题4选项

A.Thecompanyhasboththechancetosucceedandtofailindealinginanewproduct.

B.Thecompanyhastostudycustomer'sbehaviorbeforeanewproductisintroduced.

C.Thecompanyhastofindanewwaytosolvecustomer'sproblemsbeforeanewproductisputonthemarket.

D.Thecompanyhastomakeagreatefforttoovercomethecustomer'sinertia.

问题5选项

A.theseproductsweretooexpensiveascomparedwiththeirdirectcompetitors

B.bothproductsfailedtomeetthecustomer'sneeds

C.thecustomerscouldseenosenseofaradicalchangeoftheirhabits

D.thecompanyforgotanEnglishsaying:"Youcannotteachanolddognewtricks"

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的内容，问题是：为什么一些新产品成功了，为创新公司带来了数百万美元，而另一些却失败了，而且往往损失惨重？第一段的后半部分只是围绕这个问题进行了举例说明，并没有在本段给出答案，所以选D。

第2题:根据关键词定位到第一段的最后一句话“McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,...Neotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.”Tylenol做为阿司匹林的替代品成功了，而Neotrend作为阿司匹林的替代品失败了。可见它们两个都是阿司匹林的替代品，选项B正确。

第3题:根据关键词“customer'sperception”定位到第二段的第一句“Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.”选项C正确。

第4题:根据第三段的第一句“Herethecompanywalksatightrope...newbehaviorpatterns.”在这种情况下，公司就像走钢丝一样，如果一种新产品代表了一种真正新颖的解决客户问题的方法，那么它就更有可能成功，如果不是，客户可能会寻求新的行为模式。说明公司应该努力克服客户方面的各种行为反映，不管是积极的还是不积极的。选项D符合原文。

第5题:根据关键词“Bristol-Meyers”定位到第三段，由最后一句话“Bothproductsfailedquickly,...noreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.”可知，这两种产品很快就失败了，不是因为它们不起作用，也不是因为消费者没有需求，而是很明显，消费者找不到任何理由从一种已经令人满意的产品转向另一种不会带来任何好处的新产品。所以选项C符合原文。

11.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我们要树立必胜信念、继续埋头苦干，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，着力推进结构性改革，着力推进改革开放，着力促进社会公平正义，着力营造政治上的绿水青山，为全面建成小康社会决胜阶段开好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

12.翻译题

1.Peoplemistakenlyassumethatafallingpennywillacceleratefortheentiretyofitsfall,achievingbreakneckspeedsbythetimeitreachestheground.ThiswouldindeedhappenifalltheairwereremovedandthepennywastossedofftheEmpireStateBuildingintoavacuum——butasthingsare,collisionswithairmoleculesslowfallingpenniesdown.Airresistanceopposesthepenny'sdownwardmotion,counteractingtheforceofgravity.Thefasterthepennyfalls,thegreatertheairresistance,andsoatacertainmaximumvelocity,thedragforcebecomesequalandoppositetothedownwardgravitationalforce.Withthetwoforcesbalanced,thepennynolongeraccelerates.Insteaditfallsataconstantspeed,calledtheterminalvelocity,allthewaytotheground.

2.Overeatingcanalsobetriggeredbyouremotions.Somepeopleturntofoodoralcoholinstressfulsituations,suchasafterafamilyargumentoraparticularlydifficultdayatwork.Othervulnerabletimesmaybewhenyou'refeelingtired,boredorsad.Identifyingtriggersandcuesthatcauseyoutoovereatcanhelpyoutochangeyourbehaviorinthesesituationsandavoidunwantedcalories.Writedownthetimeswhenyouremotionsleadtoeating.Thiswillhelpyoutoidentifysituationswhenyou'reparticularlyvulnerabletoexcesssnacking.Askyourselfifyoumusthavethefood——thinkingaboutwhatyou'redoingcanhelpyouavoidextrasnacks.Replaceimagesoffoodwithotherpositivethoughts.Distractyourselffromeatingbydoingsomethingelseyouenjoy.

3.Issuesmanagementhastwomajorcomponentsforamanager.Thefirstishavingaprocesstouncoverissues,determinetheirimpactontheproject,examinealternatives,andbringinpeopletomakethebestdecisionunderthecircumstances.Theseproceduresensurethatissuesarerecognizedandresolvedasquicklyaspossible.Thesecondcomponentofissuesmanagementisapplyingspecificproblem—solvingtechniques.ThisincludessomeunderstandingoftechniquessuchasFishbonediagrams,Paretocharts,androotcauseanalysis.Havinganunderstandingofoneormoreofthesetechniquesallowsyouandyourteamtounderstandthenatureandcauseoftheproblem,whatoptionsareavailable,andwhatalternativewouldbethebestcourseofaction.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.人们错误的以为下落的硬币因为重力的原因,会在下落的过程中一直加速,到达地面时会达到非常危险的速度。这确实可能发生一一如果空气真被抽空了,硬币就是从帝国大厦抛向了真空——而事实上,与空气分子的碰撞减缓了硬币的下落。空气阻止了硬币的向下运动,抵消了重力作用。硬币下落的越快,受到的阻力也会越大,因此当硬币达到那个确定的最大速度,阻力会和向下的重力作用相等。两个力相互平衡,硬币就不会再加速。相反它会以一个固定速度,也叫极限速度,一直落到地面。

2.暴食暴饮也常常由我们的情绪所引发。有些人会在受到强大压力下（如在一场家庭争执或工作上出现难关时）摄入大量的食物或酒。其他脆弱的时刻或在我们感到累,无聊或伤心时。弄明白引发过度进食的触发事件和原因有助于帮助你改善在同等情况下的不良行为,并避免摄入不需要的卡路里。写下那些令你想进食的情绪的次数,这将有助于你鉴别哪些情况会使你特别想摄入大量的零食。试试以下的技巧吧！吃东西之前要想想这些食物真的是我一定要吃的吗？一一思考做什么事情可以帮助你避免摄入那些额外的零食。用其它有益的想法来替代对事物的想象。通过做一些自己喜欢的事情转移你对食物的注意力。

3.问题管理对于管理者来说有两个主要组成部分。首先得有一个发现问题的过程,确定他们对项目的影响,检查替代品,并使人在这种情况下做出最好的决定。这些程序确保认识问题,并尽快解决。问题管理的第二个组成部分是应用特定的解决问题的技巧。这包括一些技术理解,如鱼骨图,帕累托图,和根本原因分析法。了解这些技术中的一个或多个,可以让你和你的团队理解问题的本质和原因,理解什么样的选择可用,什么样的替代品将是最好的行动方案。

13.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous--—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.D.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentreofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappy

EXCEPT.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT_______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.livesinthecountry

D.worksinthecity

问题2选项

A.lackofcommunication

B.astrongsenseoffear

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.designerclothes

B.dailynecessities

C.freshfruits

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original

B.Hospitable

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

问题5选项

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.Itisdifficulttotell

C.No,hewillnotdoso

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity可知选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段第二句话Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal可以排除选项C；根据第二段第三句话可以排除选项A；根据第二段倒数第二句话可以排除选项D，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段倒数第二句话提到购物成了一个重要的问题（Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown），因此在乡村中很难买到时尚的衣服，选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章第四段最后一句话提到他们把这些想法强加给那些不情愿的原始村民（Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages），由此可以推测出这些人是傲慢的，选项C符合题意。original“原来的；首创的”；hospitable“热情友好的”；insensitive“未意识到的”。

5.推理判断题。作者在最后一段提到了他的猫，以猫喻人，来说明自己更有愿意待在城市中（No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening），因此选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。

15.问答题

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比较级。as...as意为“与……一样”，hismovements（他的动作）不能与ayoungman（年轻人）进行比较，应与ayoungman’smovements比较，为了避免重复，此处可将ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改为ayoungman's。

16.单选题

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicals