考研考博-英语-安阳职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安阳职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Peopleunderstresshaveperformed（

）featsofstrengthlikeliftinganautomobileoffanaccidentvictim.

问题1选项

A.specific

B.extraordinary

C.abrupt

D.abnormal

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。extraordinary“不平常的；非凡的”;specific“特有的，特种的”；abrupt“突然的，意外的”；abnormal“不正常的，反常的”。句意：人们在有压力的情况下表现出非凡的力量，比如把一辆汽车从交通事故的受害者身上搬开。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Despitedecadesofscientificresearch,nooneyetknowshowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment.Humansarethoughttoberesponsibleforawholehostofenvironmentalproblems,rangingfromglobalwarmingtoozonedepiction.Whatisnotindoubt,however,isthedevastatingeffecthumansarehavingontheanimalandplantlifeoftheplanet.

Currently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity."Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittleideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholecascadeofotherextinctions."

Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion―which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissionspreservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.

Thelatestideais"sustainablemanagement",whichisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.

Forinstance,insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstpoaching,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofpoachingthem―orallowingother；topoachthem-becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.

Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.Withcorruptionendemicinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversareskepticalthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingpoachers.

Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofgreat-bio-diversitysuchastheworld'stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants―allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Butbecausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedrevenuefromlogging,therearcfewregulationstodothis.Moreover,unrestrictedloggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodpricesfrommanagedforestswouldcostuptofivetimesmore―anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"green",areunlikelytopay.

Forthesereasons,sustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsisunlikelytobecomewidespreadinthenearfuture.Thisisdishearteningnews.It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.Inonestudyofafive-square-kilometerareaofrainforestinPeru,forinstance,scientistscounted1,300speciesofbutterflyand600speciesofbirD.IntheentirecontinentalUnitedStates,only400speciesofbutterflyand700speciesofbirdhavebeenrecorded.

ScientistProfessorNormanMyersseesthissituationasagigantic"experimentwe'reconductingwithourplanet"."Wedon'tknowwhattheoutcomewillbe.Ifwemakeamessofit,wecan'tmovetoanotherplanet."It'sacaseofoneplanet,oneexperiment."

1.Whatdamagedoweknowforsureishumanactivitydoingtotheenvironment?

2.Whatisaneffectivewaytopreservebiodiversity?

3.WhatisNOTtrueabouttheideaofsustainablemanagement?

4.Whatfactor(s)mightaffectthepracticalityofsustainablemanagement?

5.Whyissustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsunlikelytobeusedinthenearfuture?

问题1选项

A.Globalwarming.

B.Ozonedepletion.

C.Speciesextinction.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.Reductionoftheimpactofspeciesextinctiononothers.

B.Sustainablemanagementoftheworlds'tropicalforests.

C.Encouragementofpoliticalwilltoreducegasemission.

D.Noneoftheabove.Noeffectivewayhasbeenfoundyet.

问题3选项

A.Itbansanyformofpoachingandloggingtoprotectplantsandanimals.

B.Itallowshumanstocutplantsandkillanimalsforeconomicbenefits.

C.Itensuresthesurvivalofeachspeciesbyleavingenoughindividualsalive.

D.Itencourageshumanstoprotectspeciesfromextinctionforeconomicgain.

问题4选项

A.Whetherthereiscorruptioninthegovernment.

B.Whethertherearecorrespondingregulations.

C.Whetherproducedgoodshaveattractiveprices.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题5选项

A.BecausetropicalforestscontainamajorityofanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.

B.BecausewehavetowaituntiltheexperimentinPeruandtheU.S.isfinished.

C.Becausewehavenoideaaboutilseffect,andifitfails,ourplanetwillbedestroyed.

D.Becausebesidestropica!forests,otherareassuchastheU.S.alsohavebiodiversity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的二三句可知，选项A，B，C三项都是人类活动对环境所产生的影响，所以选项D正确。

2.根据第三段的最后一句“preservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.”保护生物多样性仍然是一个棘手的问题。也就是说目前还没有找到有效的方法。所以选项D符合原文。

3.根据第四段对“可持续管理”的描述可知，人类能够为了自己的利益而使用任何物种的动物或植物，前提是该物种中有足够的个体存活下来，以确保其继续存在。再根据第五段的第一句：它为当地人民保护动植物提供了一个很好的经济理由，而不是依靠基本上无效的反偷猎法。所以选项A不正确。

4.根据第六段的一二句（对应选项A）以及第八段的内容（对应选项B和C）可知，A，B，C三项均是影响“可持续管理”的因素，所以选项D正确。

5.根据倒数第二段的第三句“It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.”据估计，这些森林包含了地球上所有动植物物种的50%到90%。所以选项A符合原文。

3.单选题

In1906muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthat（）

问题1选项

A.evaded

B.ensued

C.encountered

D.emitted

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：1906，旧金山大部分地区被地震和随后发生的火灾摧毁。因此选B。

4.单选题

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

问题1选项

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presumed“假定，推测”；B选项proposed“建议，打算”；C选项presented“提出，呈递”；D选项presided“主持，担任会议主席”。句意：会议由该市市长（）。本句表示“会议由市长主持”，因此D选项符合题意。

5.填空题

A:Thiswineisdelicious.Wouldyoulike（1）?

B:Nottoday,thanks.It’sratherchillyout.DoyouhaveanythinghotthatIcoulddrink?

A:Sure.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?

B:.（2）Ienjoythemequally,sogivemewhicheverismoreconvenient.

【答案】

some;Either

【解析】1.常用语。wouldyoulikesome?你要点吗?

2.语义题。根据后面的givemewhicheverismoreconvenient可知茶或者咖啡都可以，填either。

6.单选题

Since1813reactiontoJaneAusten’snovelshasoscillatedbetween（

）andcondescension;butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherliterary（

）.

问题1选项

A.dismissal...admirers

B.disapproval...readers

C.adoration...contemporaries

D.approbation...challengers

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项的dismissal“解雇，不予考虑，驳回（诉讼），不予受理”；admirer“钦佩者，仰慕者”；B选项的disapproval“不赞成”；reader“读者，阅读教材”；C选项的adoration“崇拜，爱慕，受崇拜（或爱慕）的对象”；contemporary“同时代的人，同时期的东西”；D选项的approbation“批准，赞成，认可”；challenger“挑战者”。根据句意‘自从1813年以来，人们对简•奥斯汀小说的反应在崇拜和轻慢两种态度之间摆动，但一般而言，后世的作家们，比她的绝大多数文学同代人，对其作品推祟的程度要来得更高’确定C选项正确

7.单选题

Thoughthepoliciesofracial（

）hadbeenabolished,manywhitesintheSouthwerestilldubiousaboutthesafetyofthecommunities.

问题1选项

A.segregation

B.regulations

C.communism

D.extinction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。segregation“分离；隔离”；regulations“［管理］条例；章则”；communism“共产主义”；extinction“灭绝；消失”。句意：尽管种族隔离制度已经被废除，但是南方很多白人仍然质疑社区的安全。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Whatthefilmcompanyneedsisanactorwhocantakeonanykindsof（）roles.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.versatile

C.variable

D.changeable

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查了形容词辨析。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；versatile“多才多艺的”；variable“变化的；可变的”；changeable“易变的；可变的”，根据题意可推知电影公司需要的是能够扮演不同角色的演员，四个选项中能够表示“不同的，多样的”只有diverse，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这家电影公司需要的是一个能担当各种不同角色的演员。

9.单选题

Hetoldusalotofjokesandhadus______allthroughthemeal.

问题1选项

A.laughing

B.laugh

C.laughed

D.tolaugh

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他给我们讲了好多笑话，让我们在吃饭的时候笑个不停。A选项havesb./sth.doing“让某人做某事，让某情况发生”，含有动作正在进行之意，haduslaughing“让我们笑”；B选项havesb.do“请/派别人完成某事；经历某种不幸”；C选项havesth.done“请/派别人完成某事；完成某事（可能参与）；遭受某种不幸”；D选项havesth.todo“有某事要完成”。这里指的是笑话让我们一直笑，有强调状态的含义，A选项laughing符合题意。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Formultinationalcorporations,taxplanninghasbecomeextremelycomplexaffairs.Ithasbeenstatedthatnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertise.Therefore，inadditiontohavingtheirownexperts,MNCsrelyonheavilyonlocaltaxexpertsandlegalcounsel.

Taxeshaveaveryimportantimpactonforeigndirectinvestmentdecisions.Taxeswilldeterminethefinancialstructureofsubsidiary，andtheywillinfluencepricingdecisions.Theymayalsoleadtotheformationofholdingcompanies.AnMNCmaydecidetoestablishabranchratherthanasubsidiarybecauseofagiventaxsituation.Theabsenceofataxtreatybetweenthecountryofawould-beinvestorandthenationwhereaforeigninvestmentistotakeplacemightleadtocancellationofinvestmentplans.Anunfavorabledepreciationallowancemaykeeptheforeigninvestorout.ThisunitwilldealwiththedifferenttaxsystemsintheworldandtheirimpactonanMNC’sglobalstrategy.

Basically,anytaxsystemcanbedividedintodirectandindirecttaxes.Corporateandindividualincometaxesaredirect，value-addedtaxes，salestaxes，andimportdutiesareindirecttaxes.Corporateincometaxes(taxesleviedonearning)varyamongtheindustrializednations.France,theUnitedStates,Holland,Canada,andGermanyhaveratesofaround50percent;Italy，theUnitedKingdomandJapanhaveratesofbetween36and40percent.

Lessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxratesinordertoattractforeigninvestment.Thus,Brazilhasarateof30percent,andIndonesiahasa40percenttaxrate.Acorporatetaxisleviedontaxableearnings.Taxableearningsaremoresignificantthanthetaxrateitself.Theydeterminewhatcanbedeductedbeforethetaxiscomputed;inotherwords,theseitemsaretaxdeductible.Countriesdiffergreatlyindeterminingtaxableearnings.Someallowaccelerateddepreciation,wherebytheasset(usuallytheplantorequipment)iswrittenoffatasubstantiallyhigherrateduringthefirstyearsthaninthelateryears.Thisallowsforsmallertaxableearningsintheearlyyears.Othercountriesallowtax-freeinvestmentreserves.Theseareusedatalaterstageforinvestmentinundevelopedareasofcountriesoraresentwhencountriesareinarecession.

ArecenttypeoftaxthathaswonrecognitionintheEuropeanCommonMarketisvalue-addedtax(VAT).Thisisanationalsalestaxleviedateachstageofproductionoratthesaleofconsumergoods.Thetaxisassessedinproportiontothevalueaddedduringthatstage.Generally,manufacturinggoods,suchasplantandequipment,havebeenexemptedfromthistax.Inmostcases,fooditemsalsohavebeenexempted.

HereisanexampleofhowVATworks.Atreeownerwhosellspartofatreetoalumbermillfor$1mustsetasidetencentsVATtopaytothegovernment.Thelumbermillprocessesthetreeintobuildingmaterialandsellsthewoodfor$3toalumberwholesaler.Themilladds$2invalue，andthussetsaside10percentoftheaddedvalue,ortwentycents,topaytothegovernment.AndsotheVATcontinuesuntilthefinalsale.

TheVATsystemoffersadvantages,suchasrebatesonexports.Profitableandunprofitablefirmsaretaxedalike,asthereisnopossibilityoftaxdeductionstodeterminetaxableincome.Abadlyruncompanyis,therefore,forcedtoimproveorgooutofbusiness.Further,VATiseasytocalculateandcollect.ButVATisoftenaccusedofhavingcontributedtoseriousinflationincountrieswhereitwasintroduced,notablyinWesternEurope.

1.Taxsystemscanbedividedinto________.

2.Onearrivesattaxableearningswhen________.

3.Thereasonnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertiseisthat___________.

4.WhichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofaVATsystem?

5.Whydidthelessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxrates?

问题1选项

A.incometaxesanddirecttaxes

B.indirecttaxesanddirecttaxes

C.value-addedtaxesandsalestaxes

D.importdutiesandsalestaxes

问题2选项

A.alltax-deductibleitemshavebeensubtracted

B.accelerateddepreciationisallowedfor

C.tax-freeinvestmentreservesareallowedfor

D.assetsarewrittenoff

问题3选项

A.anMNCisnotallowedtolearnultimatetaxexpertise

B.taxeshaveaveryimportantimpactonforeigndirectinvestmentdecision

C.therearetoomanycountriesandregionsinvolvedandtheirtaxsystemsarecomplicated

D.anunfavorabledepreciationallowancemaykeeptheforeigninvestorout

问题4选项

A.Rebatesonexports.

B.Profitableorunprofitablefirmsaretaxedalike.

C.Easytocalculateandcollect.

D.Contributionstoseriousinflation.

问题5选项

A.Theywanttoinvestmoremoneyonotherprojects.

B.Thelessdevelopedcountrieswanttoattractmoreforeigninvestment.

C.Extramoneyshouldbespentonforeigninvestment.

D.Corporatetaxratesarelessimportanttothedevelopmentofthelessdevelopedcountries.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Basically,anytaxsystemcanbedividedintodirectandindirecttaxes.”，可知任何税收系统都可分为直接和间接两种。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据第四段，“Taxableearningsaremoresignificantthanthetaxrateitself.Theydeterminewhatcanbedeductedbeforethetaxiscomputed;inotherwords,theseitemsaretaxdeductible.”，可知应纳税收入比税率重要，计算出税收前，它们决定应该扣除哪些，换句话说，这些项目是可以减免税收的。可推断出扣除了所有可扣除项目后，剩下的就是应纳税的收入。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章开头，“Formultinationalcorporations,taxplanninghasbecomeextremelycomplexaffairs.Ithasbeenstatedthatnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertise.”，可知对于跨国公司来说，因为税收计划是非常复杂的事情，所以没有哪个跨国公司拥有终极的税收技术。根据文章第三段，“Corporateincometaxes(taxesleviedonearning)varyamongtheindustrializednations.”，可知企业所得税在工业化国家各不相同，下文也提到了不同国家有不同的税率。可推断出因为各国的税率不同，所以税收体系相当复杂。选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“ButVATisoftenaccusedofhavingcontributedtoseriousinflationincountrieswhereitwasintroduced,notablyinWesternEurope.”，可知在引入增值税的国家，增值税经常被指控为可导致严重的通货膨胀，特别是在欧洲国家。导致通货膨胀是增值税的缺点，选项D符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句，“Lessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxratesinordertoattractforeigninvestment.”，可知为了吸引外资，欠发达国家通常规定较低的税率。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

问题1选项

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:她昨晚昏迷不醒，但今天早晨她起来很清醒。

rational:理智的。peaceful:和平的，平静的。patient:耐心的,耐烦的。insane:患精神病的，极度愚蠢的。lucid:头脑清楚的，理智的。故选A。

12.填空题

Adebatehaseruptedwithinmedicineoverhowtoensurethatphysiciansmaintaintheirclinicalskillsthroughouttheircareers.TheAmericanBoardofInternalMedicine(ABIM)haslongrequiredinterniststopassMaintenanceofCertificationexamsevery10yearstokeeptheirboard-certifiedstatus.(71)Inresponse,theABIMannounceditwouldofferanewassessmentoptionstartinginJanuary2018,allowingdoctorstoberecertifiedthroughshorter,butmorefrequent,assessments.(72)Infact,itraisesacoupleofimportantquestions:Areassessmentseventhemosteffectivewaytoincentivizedoctorstokeepupwiththelatestmedicalknowledgeandnewtechnologies?Whydon’twedirectlymeasurephysicians’qualityofcareandpatientoutcomesastheygrowolder?

Whilethereissomeevidencethatphysicians’clinicalknowledge,adherencewithup-to-datestandardsofcare,andperformanceonprocessmeasuresmaywaneastheygetolder,littleisknownaboutwhetherandhowageimpactsphysicians’practiceandtheirpatientoutcomes.(73)Ontheotherhand,scientificknowledge,technology,andclinicalguidelineschangesoregularlythatkeepingupwiththemandincorporatingthemintoclinicalpracticecanbeoverwhelming.

AsthephysicianworkforceintheU.S.ages(approximatelyone-fifthofU.S.physiciansareover65yearsold,andthesizeofthegrouphasincreased27%since2005),itbecomesevenmoreimportanttounderstandhowphysicianagemightrelatetopatientoutcomes.(74)

Therelationshipbetweenphysicianageandpatientoutcomeshasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale.(75)Inourstudy,whichwasrecentlypublishedinTheBMJ,wefoundthatU.S.Medicarepatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansweremorelikelytodiewithin30daysofhospitalization,comparedwithpatientstreatedbyyoungerphysicians—unlesstheolderphysicianswereusedtotreatinglargenumbersofpatientseachyear.

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.

【答案】71.C

72.E

73.D

74.B

75.F

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.A.我们发现，由年长的医生治疗的病人的死亡率在统计学上明显高于由年轻医生照顾的病人。

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.B.这将有助于为教育年长医生和改善临床预后的新尝试提供信息。

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.C.然而，这一政策最近受到了审查，因为它给医生带来了很高的负担，而且缺乏合理的证据证明重新认证过程可以改善医生的护理质量。

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.D.一方面，技能和知识是通过经验积累的，可以提高护理质量。

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.E.但目前还不清楚这是否会带来很大的变化。

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.F.因此，我们决定通过分析住院的医疗保险病人的结果和他们主治医生的年龄来调查这个问题。

71.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】文章开头介绍了美国内科医学委员会要求内科医生每10年通过认证维护考试（MaintenanceofCertificationexams）这一政策，下文说到“将提供一种新的评估选项（newassessmentoption）”，由此可知空格处包含了一个转折的逻辑关系，说明原来的政策存在问题。C选项中的“However（然而）”表示转折，并且介绍了这一政策的问题在于“给医生带来了很高的负担（itshighburdentodoctors），而且缺乏合理的证据（thelackofsoundevidence）”。因此C选项“然而，这一政策最近受到了审查，因为它给医生带来了很高的负担，而且缺乏合理的证据证明重新认证过程可以改善医生的护理质量。”正确。

72.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“将提供一种新的评估选项（newassessmentoption）”，下文又针对这种评估方法提出了几个重要的问题，由此可知空格处包含了一个转折的逻辑关系，说明新评估方法能否发挥作用还不确定，E选项中的“But（但是）”表示转折，同时“this（这个）”指代的是上文的“newassessment（新评估方法）”。因此E选项“但目前还不清楚这是否会带来很大的变化。”正确。

73.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】下文说到“另一方面（Ontheotherhand），科学知识、技术和临床指导方针变化如此频繁”，由此可知空格处讲的应该是其他的方面，D选项中的“Ononehand（一方面）”和下文的“Ontheotherhand（另一方面）”相对应。因此D选项“一方面，技能和知识是通过经验积累的，可以提高护理质量。”正确。

74.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“了解医生的年龄（physicianage）与患者预后（patientoutcomes）之间的关系变得更加重要。”，由此可知空格处应该是介绍这一点的作用，B选项中的“This（这个）”指代的是上文的“了解医生的年龄（physicianage）与患者预后（patientoutcomes）之间的关系”，其作用是“为教育年长医生（olderphysicians）和改善临床预后（clinicaloutcomes）的新尝试提供信息”。因此B选项“这将有助于为教育年长医生和改善临床预后的新尝试提供信息。”正确。

75.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“医生年龄和病人预后之间的关系尚未进行大规模的实证研究（hasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale）。”，指出了前人研究的不足之处，由此可知接下来应该是提出自己目前研究的目的或假设。因此F选项“因此，我们决定通过分析住院的医疗保险病人的预后和他们主治医生的年龄来调查这个问题。”正确。

13.写作题

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPICManypeoplejudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.Whatisyouropiniononthistopic?Supportyourargumentwithreasonsorexamples.

【答案】【参考范文】

Peopletendtojudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.AlthoughIunderstandwhypeopledoso,Istillholdthatthevalueofthingsshouldnotbejudgedonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

Tostartwith,thevalueofthingscannotbejudgedbyanyone-dimensionalstandard.Athingmayhavedifferentvaluesintheeyesofdifferentpeople.Judgingthevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulnessisjustonedimensionbutnotnecessarilythebestdimension.Fromamundaneoutlook,practicalthingsmaybringpeoplemorebenefitsandrewards.Lookingfromahistoricalperspective,wecouldfindtheoriginofsuchautilitarianoutlookinsomehardtimes.Duringthosehistoricalperiodswhenascarcityoffoodwasaubiquitousphenomenon,survivalwasoftheutmostpriority,andjudgingthevalueofthingsfromtheirusefulnesscouldensurehumanbeing’ssurvivaltoamaximumextent.Afterall,therewaslittlechanceforpeopletowastetheirpreciousresourcesonuselessthings.

However,asthelivingstandardisrisinghigherandhigherinmodernsociety,nowadayspeoplearemuchlessworriedabouttheadequacyoflivingsubstancesthantheywereinthebygoneages.Atthistime,howtojudgethevalueofthingshasbecomeamultidimensionalchoice.Someindividualsbegintocherishspiritualoraestheticvalueofthings.Newgenerationsareoftenpursuingdifferentkindsofvalueinapostmodernsociety,andthepracticalityisnolongerthesinglestandardtomeasurethevalueofthings.

Furthermore,theaestheticvalueofthingsisalsoadimensionwhichdeservesourattention.Fewofuscouldresistthetemptationofabeautifulfreshflower,aswellasthehealingpowerofanunforgettablemelody,andthecolorfulglamourofanexquisitepainting.Theremaybelittlepracticaluseinartorartisticobjects,buttheydohaveavalueintheeyesofanappreciatingadmirer.Althoughthespiritualvalueofathinglooksintangible,itcouldreallyexertaprofoundinfluenceonpeople.Forinstance,gazingattheworldfamouspainting“Sunflower”onthewall,wecouldfeelVincentvanGogh’sburningvitalityandgetinspiredwhenweareinagloomymood.ListeningtoMozart’smusicdohelpusrelaxinapleasantmood.

Therefore,therearemanywayswecanemploytomeasurethevalueofthings.Itisone-sidedtojudgethevalueofthingsonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

14.单选题

NolongeraretheseconsideredarcanequestionsthatdrawscrutinyonlyfromthefewWashingtonianswhoreadthe“noticesofproposedrule-making”intheFederalReserve.

问题1选项

A.feasible

B.challenging

C.little-known

D.hidden

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible“可行的；可能的；可实行的”；B选项challenging“挑战的；引起挑战性兴趣的”；C选项little-known“鲜为人知的；很少人知的”；D选项hidden“隐藏的”。句意：这些被认为是晦涩难懂的问题，不再只会引起少数读过美联储的“拟议规则制定通知”华盛顿人的关注。arcane“神秘的；晦涩难解的；秘传的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

JustasoneneedsaJ.D.tobecomealawyerinAmerica,onemustobtainaM.D.inordertoqualifyasaphysician,thoughthedegreeisnottheonlyrequirement.

问题1选项

A.JustasoneneedsaJ.D

B.aM.D

C.qualifyasa

D.thoughthedegreeisnottheonly

E.没有问题

【答案】E

16.单选题

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she（）almosteverywhere.

问题1选项

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾经去过苏门答腊岛、伊朗及全欧洲，等到她二十岁吋，她将几乎去过所有地方。

语法题。考查将来完成时。分析句意可知空格处应使用将来完成时:shall/willhave+过去分词,故选C。

17.单选题

Thegovernmentistryingto（

）thepeopleintothinkingthatawarisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.enlighten

B.involve

C.orient

D.brainwash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。brainwash…into“把思想强行灌输给……，强迫……相信”。句意：政府正试图给人洗脑让人们相信战争是必要的。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Thebookisavainattemptto（

）thenameofoneoftheworstdictatorsinmodernhistory.

问题1选项

A.worship

B.glorify

C.adore

D.cherish

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。worship“崇拜；尊敬”；glorify“赞美；美化”；adore“崇拜；爱慕”；cherish“怀有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）”。句意：这本书试图去美化现代历史中最坏的独裁者之一的名字，但是失败了。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

问题1选项

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。growth“增长，发展，生长”;nurture“养育，教养”；promotion“提升”;creation“创造”。根据geneticsandenvironment（遗传与环境）与naturevs.___的对应关系可知“养育”符合，因此选项B符合题意。句意：心理学家们对遗传和环境在决定人类智力上的相对重要性长期以来都有争论，即一个有时被称为“自然”对比“培育”的辩论。

20.单选题

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

问题1选项

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未觉察到的”；patent“专利的；显然的”；obvious“明显的；显著的”；pernicious“有害的；恶性的。句意：中国人经常握住我的手不放。他们非常满意地交流，没有察觉到我的不舒服和试图解开自己的手。选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

Sheoftensayshergreatesthappiness（

）servingthehandicappedchildren.

问题1选项

A.consistsin

B.relieson

C.composesof

D.comprisesin

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。consistin“在于”；relyon“依赖”；composeof“由······构成”；comprisein“包括在”。句意：她经常说她最大的幸福在于为残疾儿童服务。选项A符合题意。

22.填空题

Fillineachofthenumberedblanksinthepassagewithonesuitableword.(10points)

Thewindwasstrongerthanithadbeenearlier.Ihad(1)beenoutinsuchastrongstormbefore.Aswedroverapidlythroughthewoodsthebranchesswayed(2)andforwardsabove(3).Lightningflashed.

“Iwishweweren’toutin(4)storm,”IsaidtoJohn.Thewordswerehardlyoutof(5)mouthwhenabranchfromatreecamecrashingdownacrosstheroadin(6)ofus.Weleaptoutofthecarandranquickly(7)thefallenbranch.Wehadtomoveit,otherwisewe(8)notbeabletocontinue(9)journey.

Wepulledandpusheduntilwewerefinallyabletomoveit(10)thesideoftheroad.Wegotbackintothecaranddrove(11)downtheroad.Wehadtogettothehouse(12)time.LordBrenton,(13)wasdying,wasthe(14)personwhocouldgiveustheinformationweneeded(15)wecouldcatchthemurderers.Hewasakeywitness.

Atlastwereachedourdestination.Thehous