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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳农业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

AspecialmemorialservicewillbeheldintheCathedraltothe(

)500thanniversaryofitsconstruction.

问题1选项

A.note

B.illustrate

C.mark

D.remember

【答案】C

【解析】句意:为纪念大教堂建造500周年,一场特殊的纪念仪式将在里面被举行。

考查动词辨析。Note注意,留意,指出;illustrate(用示例、图画等)说明,解释,表明…真实;mark做记号,做标记,留下痕迹;remember回想起,记得,记起。分析题干可知此处表示“几年500周年”,故选C。

2.单选题

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigorous“严密的;严格的”;B选项blatant“公然的;炫耀的”;C选项specious“似是而非的;华而不实的”;D选项convincing“有说服力的”。句意:可以想象,这位州长可能会找到一个真正的解决预算困境的办法,但她可能会被诱导去搞一场骗局:一个_______的财政审慎行动。根据语境,specious“似是而非的;华而不实的”搭配deception“骗局”比较合理。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithouthesitation.

问题1选项

A.delay

B.anxiety

C.complaint

D.consideration

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.delay延迟B.anxiety焦虑

C.complaint抱怨D.consideration考虑

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】本句的对象是“勇敢的人”,and并列两个短语,前后语义应一致。前者为“思考迅速(thinkquickly)”,后者为“行动没有____”。根据前者“思考迅速”推断,后者应该是行动迅速,没有迟疑,原词hesitation“犹豫”,因此,A选项delay“延迟”与原词最接近。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。

【句意】勇敢的人思考迅速,行动毫不犹豫。

4.单选题

Couplesblessedwithstrengthandaggression()looksarebetteroffhavingboys,asthesecharacteristicsareofmoreusetomales.

问题1选项

A.otherthan

B.ratherthan

C.rathertoo

D.inspiteof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。otherthan“不同于;除了”;ratherthan“而不是”;rathertoo“稍微”;inspiteof“尽管”。句意:那些体力更强和有进取心……外表好看的夫妇会更容易生男孩,因为这些特征对男性更有用。因此选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Plasticsarethebestinsulatorofelectricity,rubber(

)itclosely.

问题1选项

A.following

B.followed

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的,过去分词表示被动,现在分词表示主动。句中的it指代plastic,此处表示rubber紧跟plastic后面,为主动关系,因此选A。句意:塑料是最好的绝缘材料,橡胶紧随其后。

6.案例题

Learningshouldn'tbelimitedtoacampusoraclassroomanyone.Ifyouhavetwochildrenandajob,you'rejustnotgoingto(1)ittoacollegeclassroomthreenightsaweek.Andthenthere'stheissueofcost.Ifyoudon'thavethemoneytogotoa(2)college,doesthatmeanthatyoushouldn'treceiveaneducation?Ofcoursenot.Youshouldhaveashotatthegoodlife,justlikeanybodyelse.

TheInternethasbrought(3)toeducation.Abachelor'sdegreeoramatter'sdegreeisnowavailabletoanybody,anywhere,regardlessofaperson'spositioninlife.ThankstotheInternet,educationisaccessiblewithoutregardto(4).Youcanworktowardabachelor'sdegreewhileservingyourcountyonasubmarine.Andifsaccessiblewithoutregardtotime:Youcantakecoursesafteryourshiftends,evenifthat'sat2A.m.

What'sthe(5)obstacletoonlinelearning?Itisn'ttechnology.Companiesarespendingbillionofdollarsgloballytobuildanonline-learninginfrastructurethatincludesunderseacables.Andcompetitionamongprovidersisdrivingpricedown.Therealbottleneckiscultural.Whatneedstobe(6)isresistancetotheideaofonlinelearning.

TheaccreditationofJonesInternationalUniversityinMarch1999wasashotheardaroundtheworldNobody(7)thatatotallyonlineuniversitycouldbecomeaccrediteD.ThatevenhasputrealpressureontraditionalinstitutionstomoveintotheThirdWave.

Innovativeinstructorsatinstitutionsworldwidearediscoveringthepotentialofthe(8)environmenttodeliverinstructionofthehighestqualitytopeoplewhowouldotherwisehavelimited(9)tohighereducation.Thisisanexcitingandchallengingtimeineducation.

Simplydefined,onlineeducationreferstocourses(10)viatheInternet.Theminimumrequirementforstudentstoparticipateinanonlinecourseisaccesstoacomputer,theInternet,and(11)tosucceedinanontraditionalclassroom,Onlinelearningsystemshave(12)thewaypeoplecantakeclasses.Unliketraditionalcoursesinwhichthestudentsandinstructormeetface-to-faceonceorseveraltimesaweek,mostofthelearningactivitiesandcommunicationinanonlinecourseareasynchronous,meaningthatclassmembersparticipateinandcompletetheirassignmentat(13)timesthroughoutthedayandweek.Thisarrangementcanmakeitpossibleforyoutodoyourclassworkwhenit'smostconvenientforyou.However,withthisincreasedfreedomand(14)comesresponsibility.Withoutthestructureof(15)classmeeting,itwillbeuptoyoutopaceyourselfandkeepupwithassignments.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

democracy

imagination

different

flexibility

overcome

online

offer

traditional

modern

regular

make

possess

place

perform

big

motivate

anticipate

access

revolutionize

difficult

【答案】1.make

2.traditional

3.democracy

4.place

5.biggest

6.overcome

7.anticipated

8.online

9.access

10.offered

11.motive

12.revolutionized

13.different

14.flexibility

15.regular

【解析】1.makeitto为固定搭配,意为“赶上,到达”。句意:如果你有两个孩子和一份工作,那么你不可能赶上每周三个晚上的大学课程。

2.填空处需填入形容词修饰大学,结合选项和句意可知,traditional更符合原文语境。

3.根据下文:现在,任何人、任何地方都可以获得学士学位或某一学科的学位,无论他的人生地位如何。所以这里应该指网络带来了教育的民主性。

4.根据下文:你可以在潜艇上服役的同时攻读学士学位。说明不限制地点,这与下文的不限制时间一样,都是列举出例子。所以这里应填入place。

5.这里指:网上学习最大的障碍是什么呢?

6.既然是障碍,当然需要克服它。句意:人们需要克服的是,抵制网上学习这种思想。

7.根据句意:没有人预料到一个完全在线的大学居然能够获得认可。

8.既然是网络学校,当然是网上授课的教学环境。所以这里填入online。

9.根据句意:世界各地教育机构的创新导师正在发现,在线环境有潜力为那些原本接受高等教育机会有限的人提供最高质量的教学。accessto指接近,有权利使用。符合原文句意。

10.句意:简单地说,在线教育是指通过互联网提供的课程。课程是被提供,所以这里应填入offered。

11.句意:学生参加在线课程的最低要求是能够接触电脑、互联网,以及在非传统课堂上取得成功的。也就是说要达到成功的目的,所以这里填入motive恰当。

12.句意:网上学习彻底改变了人们上课接受知识的方式。

13.句意:与传统的每周一次或几次面对面授课的课程不同,在线课程中的学习活动和交流大多是不同步的,即班级成员在一天或一周的时间上课和完成作业。既然是不同步的,当然也是在不同的时间上课和完成作业,所以这里填入different。

14.根据句意和句中的and可知,填空处应填入与自由意思相近的名词,选项中只有flexibility最恰当。

15.根据下文的uptoyou可推测,上一句是指没有定期的班会了。所以这里填入regular。

7.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture(

).

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

).

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe(

).

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知过去男女的分工明确,角色相对固定,因此选D。

第2题:主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响,再根据第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.(但是到了本世纪中叶,男性和女性的角色越来越不固定)可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代,经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”;B选项“但是在20世纪60年代,一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标;C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”;D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety(但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面)可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观,因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.(由于对育儿更感兴趣,男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上,一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场,在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任)可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确,角色固定;第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响;第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化;最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。

8.单选题

ButNaifehandSmithrevealakeenintellect,anavidreaderandapassionateobserverofotherartists’workwhoprogressedfromlaboredfigurestudiestoinspiredoutburstsofcreativeenergy.Farfromanartisticflashinthepan,hepursuedhiscallingwithdoggeddeterminationagainstnearlyinsurmountableodds.

问题1选项

A.insuperable

B.unsurpassable

C.uncountable

D.invaluable

【答案】A

【解析】句中说到他“withdoggeddetermination”,坚持不懈地追求自己的理想,因此insurmountableodds必然代表“无法克服的困难”这一含义。A选项insuperable“不能克服的”;B选项unsurpassable“无法超越的”;C选项uncountable“无数的;不可数的”;D选项invaluable“无价的;非常贵重的”。从句意上来判断,这里的nearlyinsurmountableodds指的是“几乎无法克服的障碍”,因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

InsuranceinrespectofthepropertywillbeaffectedbytheSocietyinaccordancewiththeRulesandthemortgageconditions.TheSocietyhasawideexperienceofinsurancecompaniesastheSocietymaydetermineandplacesinsurancewithmanycompanieswhoareabletoprovideacoverwhichthesocietyconsidersnecessary.YoumayliketheSocietytoinsurewithaparticularcompany,andifsopleasecontactimmediatelytheBranchOfficetowhichyousubmittedyourapplicationforloan,andsolongasthatcompanyanditstermsareacceptabletotheSocietythecoverwillbearrangedaccordingly.IfyoushouldsuggestacompanyanditisnotonewithwhichtheSocietydoesbusinessyouwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies.YourmayrequestchangeofinsurancesCompanyatanytimeduringthelifeofthemortgage.Ifyourmortgageisundertheendowmentschemeorsupportedbyaninsuranceguaranteeorifthedocumentsoftitlespecifythecompanytobeuseditmaynotbepossibletoacceptyourchoice.

Theinitialsuminsuredwillbethefigureshownundertheheading“AmountofPropertyInsurance”inDetailsofLoan.ThisfigureistheamountrecommendedbytheSociety’svalue,ashisestimatesofthereplacementcostofthebuildingatthedateofvaluation,unlesssomeotheramounthasbeenagreedinwritingbetweenyouandSociety.Nowarrantyisgivenorimpliedthattheamountofinsurancewillcovercompleteloss.

Youareremindedthatthemarketvalueofyourpropertybearsnorelationshiptothecost,atthetimeofreplacement.Theamountforwhichthepropertyisinsuredshouldthereforerepresentnotlessthanthecost,atthetimeofrepairorreplacement,orrebuildingallthepropertycoveredinthesamematerials,form,styleandconditionaswhenitisnew.Itshouldalsoincludeanyarchitects,surveyorsandlegalfeeswhichmaybepayableandanycostswhichmaybeinsuredincomplyingwiththerequirementsoftheLocalAuthorityandinremovingdebris(残骸),etc.Theterm“property”includesdomesticoutbuilding,garages,walls,landlords’fixturesandfittingsetc.,butexcludesthevalueoftheland.

Themarketvalueofahouseisthereforelikelytobelessthanthecostofrebuilding,especiallyifthepropertyiselderly.Evenifthepropertyisrecentlybuilt,theworkinvolvedinreinstatementwillbemoreexpensivethanthebuildingcostwhichcanbeachievedbyabuilderbuildingonanestatebasis.

1.Thepassageappearstobefrom().

2.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas().

3.Accordingtothepassageifthecustomersuggestsaninsurancecompany().

4.Thepassagestatesthatwhenyouinsureyourproperty().

5.Thepassageimpliesthatrebuildingapropertycostsmorethanitsmarketvalue().

问题1选项

A.anadvertisement

B.aninformationbooklet

C.anewspaperarticle

D.aformalspeech

问题2选项

A.academic

B.light-hearted

C.formal

D.subjective

问题3选项

A.itisimpossibletochangethatcompanylateron

B.theSocietywillprovidealistofalternativecompanies

C.theSocietywillnotacceptresponsibilityforthepolicy

D.theSocietymaynotbeabletoagreetothecompany

问题4选项

A.youshouldnottakethelandvalueintoaccount.

B.youshouldusethemarketvalueasaguide

C.youshouldtaketheadviceofourLocalAuthority

D.garagesandgardenshedsarenotusuallyincluded

问题5选项

A.onlyifthepropertyisold

B.particularlyifthepropertyisnew

C.whatevertheageoftheproperty

D.becauseofrisingbuildingcost

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。本文讲述的是有关财产保险的情况。文章就如何办理保险、怎样确定保险公司、涉及房产保险时如何估价等一系列问题提供了大量有用的信息,因此可以判断,文章内容应该是节选于有关保险的信息手册,因此B选项“一个信息小册子”正确。A选项“广告”;C选项“报纸上的文章”以及D选项“正式的演说”都不正确。

2.判断推理题。因为本文是一篇科普类型的文章,为读者提供了大量相关的信息,例如第一段有提到TheSocietyhasawideexperienceofinsurancecompaniesastheSocietymaydetermineandplacesinsurancewithmanycompanieswhoareabletoprovideacoverwhichthesocietyconsidersnecessary.(本协会在保险公司方面有着广泛的经验,因为本协会可以确定并向许多能够提供必要保险的公司提供保险。)可以看出这篇文章应该是用非常正式的语气在为读者解惑的,因此C选项正确。A选项“学术的”,不妥;B选项“轻松的,无忧无虑的”,也不是原文的语气;D选项“主观的”,这是一篇科普文,因此不会是主观态度的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段的第四句IfyoushouldsuggestacompanyanditisnotonewithwhichtheSocietydoesbusinessyouwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies.(如果你建议一家公司,而该公司不是与协会有业务往来的公司,你会得到通知,并可以选择其他公司。)因为有协调的可能性,因此说明确实会存在保险协会不同意客户选择保险公司的情况,D选项“该协会可能无法同意该公司的意见”正确。A选项“之后更换公司是不可能的”,在第一段youwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies(你会得到通知,并可以选择其他公司),说明是可以换公司的;B选项“协会将提供一份可供选择的公司名单”不全面;C选项“协会将不承担该政策的责任”,保险协会要根据客户选定的保险公司与自己是否有业务合作来判断是否同意这家公司为客户进行投保,因此C不正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的最后一句butexcludesthevalueoftheland(但不包括土地价值),因此A选项“你不应该把土地价值考虑在内”正确。B选项“你应该以市场价值为指导”,在第三段的第一句Youareremindedthatthemarketvalueofyourpropertybearsnorelationshiptothecost,atthetimeofreplacement.(请注意,你的物业的市场价值与重置时的成本无关。)因此B错误;C选项“你应该采纳我们当地当局的建议”在倒数第二段complyingwiththerequirementsoftheLocalAuthority(可能是被保险人遵守当地政府的要求),并没有说从LocalAuthority(当地当局)那里得到建议,因此C选项错误;D选项“车库和花园棚屋通常不包括在内”,定位到倒数第二段Theterm“property”includes...garages,wall,landlords’fixturesandfittingsetc.,butexcludesthevalueoftheland(“财产”一词包括住宅附属建筑、车库、墙壁、业主的固定装置及设备等,但不包括土地价值),可见D选项表达与原文矛盾。

5.事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段Themarketvalueofahouseisthereforelikelytobelessthanthecostofrebuilding...abuilderbuildingonanestatebasis.(因此,房屋的市场价值很可能低于重建成本,特别是如果房屋是老房子的话。即使房产是最近建造的,修复工作的费用也会比建筑商按地产建造的建筑成本更昂贵)说明无论房屋的使用年限长短,其重建价值都会高于市场价值,因此C选项“无论财产的年龄”正确。同时A选项“除非房子是旧的”和B选项“特别是当房产是新的时候”错误;D选项“因为不断上涨的建筑成本”与题干没有关系。

10.单选题

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy(

)thatdevelopingcountriesputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

问题1选项

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dictate“口述,强行规定,支配”;B选项regulate“(用规则条例)约束,控制,管理”;C选项allow“允许,准许,给予”;D选项appeal“上诉,申诉,呼吁”。原句表示“全球经济结构_____发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金——通常是通过出口工业国家想要的任何原始资源”,因此C选项符合语境。句意:全球经济结构允许发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金——通常是通过出口工业国家想要的任何原始资源。

11.单选题

Therulewillnolongerpermitustouseasevidencestatementsthathavebeenobtainedusingcruel,inhuman,ordegradinginterrogationmethods.

问题1选项

A.punching

B.disturbing

C.questioning

D.rejecting

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.punching拳打,以拳痛击B.disturbing打扰,干扰

C.questioning正式提问,质询D.rejecting拒绝接受,不予考虑

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】interrogation的意思为“审问”,这里指不能用残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法,questioning与之词义相近,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】该规则不再允许我们使用通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法获得的证词作为证据。

12.单选题

Toavoidanoilshortage,weshouldadvocatethatmoremachinesmust(

)solarenergyinashorttime,andthismadeothersastonished.

问题1选项

A.accelerate

B.operate

C.generate

D.utilize

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Accelerate“加速”;operate“运行”;generate“产生”;

Utilize“利用”。句意:为了避免石油不足,我们应该倡导在短时间内机器使用太阳能。这种想法让其他人感到震惊。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Goodthingsaredividedintothreeclasses:(1)externalgoods,(2)goodsofthesoul,and(3)goodsofthebody.Ofthese,wecallthegoodspertainingtothesoulgoodsinthehighestandfullestsense.Butinspeakingof“soul”,werefertooursoul’sactionsandactivities.Thus,ourdefinitionofgoodtallieswiththisopinionwhichhasbeencurrentforalongtimeandtowhichphilosopherssubscribe.Wearealsorightindefiningtheendasconsistingofactionsandactivities;forinthiswaytheendisincludedamongthegoodsofthesoulandnotamongexternalgoods.

Alsotheviewthatahappymanliveswellandfareswellfitsinwithourdefinition:forwehaveallbutdefinedhappinessasakindofgoodlifeandwell-being.

Moreover,thecharacteristicswhichonelooksforinhappinessareallincludedinourdefinition.Forsomepeoplethinkthathappinessisavirtue,othersthatitispracticalwisdom,othersthatitissomekindoftheoreticalwisdom;othersagainbelieveittobeallorsomeoftheseaccompaniedby,ornotdevoidof,pleasure;andsomepeoplealsoincludeexternalprosperityinitsdefinition.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestgoodsarethosethat().

2.Theword“tallies”inline4means().

3.Theauthor’sdefinitionofhappinessinparagraph2isrelatedtothedefinitionofgoodinthat().

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthelastparagraphisto().

问题1选项

A.createprosperity

B.arespiritual

C.areintellectual

D.createhappiness

问题2选项

A.keepscount

B.records

C.labels

D.corresponds

问题3选项

A.livingagoodlifewillbringyouhappiness

B.happinessisthesameasgoodness

C.happinessisoftensacrificedtoattainthegood

D.allthingsthatcreatehappinessaregoodthings

问题4选项

A.showthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentdefinitionsofhappiness

B.provideguidelinesforgoodbehavior

C.provethathisdefinitionofhappinessisvalid

D.explainrelationshipbetweenhappinessandgoodness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段,“wecallthegoodspertainingtothesoulgoodsinthehighestandfullestsense.”,我们把与灵魂相关的美好事物称为最高的意义。可判断出最好的事物就是精神上的美好。选项B符合题意。

2.词义题。根据文章第一段,“…thisopinionwhichhasbeencurrentforalongtimeandtowhichphilosopherssubscribe.”,这样的观点已经流行了很长一段时间,并且哲学家们也赞成。可判断出我们对于美好的定义符合这一观点。keepscount“计数”,record“记录”,label“标记”;correspond“符合,一致”。选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段,“forwehaveallbutdefinedhappinessasakindofgoodlifeandwell-being.”,我们几乎把幸福定义为一种美好的生活和幸福。可推断出生活和幸福的联系为:美好的生活会带来幸福。选项A符合题意。

4.作者意图题。根据文章最后一段,“thecharacteristicswhichonelooksforinhappinessareallincludedinourdefinition.”,一个人对幸福特征的观念都包含在我们的定义中。可知作者对自己的定义是持坚定态度。下文继续列举了人们对幸福的种种定义,可推断出作者在最后一段证明他对幸福的定义是正确的。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Wehaveallheardthatpeoplefavortheirownkindanddiscriminateagainstout-groups—butthatisasimplisticviewofprejudice,saysAmyCuddy,aprofessoratPrincetonwhostudieshowwejudgeothers.Inrecentyears,sheandpsychologistSusanFiskehavedevelopedapowerfulnewmodel.Allovertheworld,itturnsout,peoplejudgeothersontwomainqualities:warmth(whethertheyarefriendlyandwellintentioned)andcompetence(whethertheyhavetheabilitytodeliveronthoseintentions).Agrowingnumberofpsychologicalresearchersareturningtheirfocustothisrubric,refiningitandlookingforwaysinwhichwecanputthisnewunderstandingoffirstimpressionstouse.

Whenwemeetaperson,weimmediatelyunconsciouslyassesshimorherforbothwarmthandcompetence.Whereasweobviouslyadmireandhelppeoplewhoarebothwarmandcompetentandfeelandactcontemptuouslytowardthecoldandincompetent,werespondambivalentlytowardtheotherblends.Peoplewhoarejudgedascompetentbutcold—includingthoseinstereotypedgroupssuchasJewsandthewealthy—provokeenvyandadesiretoharm,asviolenceagainstthesegroupshasoftenshown.Andpeopleusuallyseenaswarmbutincompetent,suchasmothersandtheelderly,elicitpityandbenignneglect.

Newresearchisrevealingthatthesesplit-secondjudgmentsareoftenwrong,however,becausetheyrelyoncrudestereotypesandothermentalshortcuts.LastyearSusanFiske’steampublishedstudiesshowinghowwejumptoconclusionsaboutpeople’scompetencebasedontheirwarmth,andviceversa.Whentheresearchersshowedparticipant’sfactsabouttwogroupsofpeople,onewarmandonecold,theparticipantstendedtoassumethatthewarmgroupwaslesscompetentthanthecoldgroup;likewise,ifparticipantsknewonegrouptobecompetentandtheothernot,theyaskedquestionswhoseanswersconfirmedtheirexpectationthatthefirstgroupwascoldandthesecondwarm.Theupshot:“Yourgainononetrait,canbeyourlossontheother,”saysFiske.

This“compensationeffect,”whichoccurswhenwecomparepeopleratherthanevaluatingeachoneseparately,runscountertothewell-knownhaloeffect,inwhichsomeonescoringhighononequalitygetshigherratingsonothertraits.Butbotheffectsareamongseveralmistakespeopleoftenmakeininferringwarmthandcompetence.Weseehigh-statusindividualsascompetenteveniftheirstatuswasanaccidentofbirth.Andwhenwejudgewarmth,rivalryplaysarole:“Ifsomeoneiscompetingwithyou,youassumethey’reabadperson,”Cuddysays.

Thegoodnewsisthatifyoubelongtoastereotypedgrouporotherwiseknowhowpeopleseeyou,youcantrychangingyourimage.Acompetentpoliticianwhostrikesthepublicascold,forexample,candrawonhiswarmthreservestobetterconnectwithvoters.Afterall,Cuddypointsout,“Everybodycomesacrossaswarmorcompetentinsomeareaoftheirlives.”

26.AccordingtoAmyCuddy,people’sfirstimpressionsareactually______.

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

28.InFiske’sopinion,becauseofthe“compensationeffect”,itis______.

29.Thegoodsideofthestereotypedjudgmentofapersonmaybe______.

30.WhatisCuddy’sattitudetowardthestereotypedjudgmentofaperson?

问题1选项

A.misleading

B.useful

C.reliable

D.powerful

问题2选项

A.Nobodyenviescompetentandcoldpeople.

B.Peopleofabilityareapttobeconsideredcold.

C.Wefeelsympatheticforwarm-heartedpeople.

D.Thewealthytendtobeindifferenttoothers.

问题3选项

A.easytodiscriminateagainstout-groups

B.possibletoavoidcrudestereotypes

C.difficulttoconfirmpeople’sexpectation

D.hardtojudgeapersonasbothwarmandcompetent

问题4选项

A.enablingyoutobecomemorecompetent

B.makingyoulookwarmer

C.helpingimproveyourimage

D.avoidingunnecessarymisjudgment

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Sarcastic.

C.Tolerant.

D.Acceptive.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】26.【选项释义】

26.AccordingtoAmyCuddy,people’sfirstimpressionsareactually______.26.据艾米•卡迪所说,人们的第一印象实际上是______。

A.misleadingA.误导的

B.usefulB.有用的

C.reliableC.可靠的

D.powerfulD.强大的

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“我们都听说过,人们偏爱自己的同类,歧视外群体,但艾米•卡迪表示,这是一种过于简单化的偏见观点(asimplisticviewofprejudice)”,从中可知,艾米•卡迪认为人们的第一印象过于偏见,这是错误的。因此,该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均与原文相反,属于反向干扰。

27.【选项释义】

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?27.根据文章,下列哪个陈述是正确的?

A.Nobodyenviescompetentandcoldpeople.A.没有人羡慕能干而冷漠的人。

B.Peopleofabilityareapttobeconsideredcold.B.有能力的人容易被认为冷漠。

C.Wefeelsympatheticforwarm-heartedpeople.C.我们同情热心的人。

D.Thewealthytendtobeindifferenttoothers.D.富人往往对别人漠不关心。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“那些通常被视为热情但没有能力的人,比如母亲和老人,则会引起同情和善意的忽视”可知,有热心的人容易引起同情。因此,该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项定位第二段倒数第二句“那些被认为有能力但冷酷无情的人,包括犹太人和富人等在内的刻板群体的人,会引发嫉妒和伤害欲望,针对这些群体的暴力往往就表明了这一点”,从中可知,有能力但冷漠的人容易引起别人的嫉妒和伤害欲望,但是没有提到“没有人羡慕这些人”,所以,该项曲解原文;

B选项没有提到,有能力的人不一定是冷漠的人,该项属于无中生有;

D选项没有提到,也属于无中生有。

28.【选项释义】

28.InFiske’sopinion,becauseofthe“compensationeffect”,itis______.28.在菲斯克看来,由于“补偿效应”,______。

A.easytodiscriminateagainstout-groupsA.很容易歧视外群体

B.possibletoavoidcrudestereotypesB.可以避免原始的刻板印象

C.difficulttoco

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