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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原理工大学现代科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

(1)Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

(2)Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?(3)

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)(4)

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

(5)Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.当然,他们找不到哪怕一点证据表明以上的伤害与失去政府援助给穷人造成的伤害有任何可比性。

2.第三个,也是与此密切相关的,旨在减轻我们对穷人的责任的设计,是公共援助措施对激励产生不利影响的论点。

3.您真的相信我们这个时代的大人物们,比如说公司的法人或者总经理,会因为赚的少而整日游手好闲,不思工作吗?这是对美国商人,特别是努力工作的商人们的诽谤。信念可以是真理的仆从,也可以是便利的仆从。

4.无可争辩的是,没有任何一种对人的压迫和对思想努力的束缚更甚于来自身无分文的压迫和束缚。

5.我们常听到当富人抱怨他们的自由因征税导致收入减少而受限,却不曾听到因为得到可花之钱而显著提高了穷人的自由的消息。

2.单选题

ComedianGeorgeCarlinhasaroutineinwhichhetalksabouthowhumansseemtospendtheirlivesaccumulating“stuff”.Oncethey’vegatheredenoughstuff,theyhavetofindplacestostoreallofit.IfCarlinweretoupdatethatroutinetoday,hecouldmakethesame(1)aboutcomputerinformation.Itseemsthateveryonewithacomputerspendsalotoftimeacquiringdataandthentryingtofindawayto(2)it.

Forsomecomputerowners,findingenoughstoragespacetoholdallthedatathey’veacquiredisarealchallenge.Somepeopleinvestinlargerharddrives.Othersprefer(3)storagedeviceslikethumbdrivesorcompactdiscs.Desperatecomputerownersmightdeleteentirefoldersworthofoldfilesinordertomakespacefornewinformation.(4)somearechoosingtorelyonagrowingtrend:cloudstorage.

Whilecloudstoragesoundslikeithassomethingtodowithweather(5)andstormsystems,itreallyreferstosavingdata(6)anoff-sitestoragesystemmaintainedbyathirdparty.(7)storinginformationtoyourcomputer’sharddriveorotherlocalstoragedevice,yousaveittoaremotedatabase.TheInternetprovidestheconnectionbetweenyourcomputerandthedatabase.

Onthesurface,cloudstoragehasseveraladvantages(8)traditionaldatastorage.Forexample,ifyoustoreyourdataonacloudstoragesystem,you’llbeabletogettothatdatafromanylocationthathasInternetaccess.You(9)needtocarryarounda(10)storagedeviceorusethesamecomputertosaveand(11)yourinformation.Withtherightstoragesystem,youcouldevenallowotherpeopletoaccessthedata,turningapersonalprojectintoa(12)effort.

Socloudstorageisconvenientandoffersmore(13),buthowdoesitwork?

Therearehundredsofdifferentcloudstoragesystems.Somehaveaveryspecific(14),suchasstoringWebe-mailmessagesordigitalpictures.Othersare(15)tostoreallformsofdigitaldata.Somecloudstoragesystemsaresmalloperations,whileothersaresolargethatthephysicalequipmentcanfill(16)anentirewarehouse.Thefacilitiesthat(17)loudstoragesystemsarecalleddatacenters.

Atitsmostbasiclevel,acloudstoragesystemneedsjustonedataserver(18)totheInternet.Aclient,e.g.acomputerusersubscribingtoacloudstorageservicesendscopiesoffilesovertheInternettothedataserver,whichthenrecordstheinformation.Whentheclientwishestoretrievetheinformation,heorsheaccessesthedataserverthroughaWeb-basedinterface.Theservertheneithersendsthefilesbacktotheclientorallowstheclienttoaccessandmanipulatethefilesontheserveritself.

Cloudstoragesystemsgenerallyrelyonhundredsofdataservers.Becausecomputers(19)requiremaintenanceorrepair,it’simportanttostorethesameinformationonmultiplemachines.Thisiscalledredundancy.Withoutredundancy,acloudstoragesystemcouldn’t(20)clientsthattheycouldaccesstheirinformationatanygiventime.Mostsystemsstorethesamedataonserversthatusedifferentpowersupplies.Thatway,clientscanaccesstheirdataevenifonepowersupplyfails.

问题1选项

A.examination

B.observation

C.inspection

D.acquaintance

问题2选项

A.store

B.update

C.process

D.calculate

问题3选项

A.internal

B.portable

C.local

D.external

问题4选项

A.But

B.While

C.And

D.So

问题5选项

A.forecast

B.report

C.fronts

D.system

问题6选项

A.onto

B.to

C.in

D.upon

问题7选项

A.Apartfrom

B.Otherthan

C.Insteadof

D.Regardlessof

问题8选项

A.than

B.except

C.for

D.over

问题9选项

A.shouldn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.mustn’t

D.couldn’t

问题10选项

A.physical

B.substantial

C.tangible

D.local

问题11选项

A.store

B.share

C.access

D.retrieve

问题12选项

A.comprehensive

B.collaborative

C.coordinated

D.combining

问题13选项

A.opportunity

B.chance

C.convenience

D.favor

问题14选项

A.focus

B.purpose

C.use

D.operation

问题15选项

A.available

B.capable

C.applicable

D.desirable

问题16选项

A.in

B.up

C.for

D.into

问题17选项

A.hold

B.save

C.house

D.run

问题18选项

A.connecting

B.connected

C.connect

D.beingconnected

问题19选项

A.probably

B.inconveniently

C.invariably

D.occasionally

问题20选项

A.ensure

B.promise

C.assure

D.guarantee

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:B

第13题:C

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。examination考试;observation观察;inspection检查;acquaintance泛泛之交。makeanobservationaboutsth.,就某事发表看法。选项B符合要求。

2.考查动词辨析。store储存;update更新;process加工;calculate计算。联系上文,与前文“tostoreallofit”对应。句意:试图找到储存它的方式。

3.

考查形容词辨析。internal内部的;portable便捷的;local地方的;external外部的;下文“thumbdrivesorcompactdiscs”(拇指驱动器或光盘),这些都是外部的存储设备,选项D符合要求。

4.

考查逻辑连接词。But但是,表转折;while然而,表让步;And并且,表递进;So因此,表因果。根据上下文可判断出本句前后构成转折关系。选项A符合要求。

5.

考查固定搭配。forecast预报;report报道;fronts前面;锋面;system系统。weatherfronts为固定搭配,意为“前锋,锋面”。

6.

固定用法。save...to...,意为“将……存储到……上”。句意:将数据保存到异地存储系统上。

7.

考查逻辑连接词。本句前后的逻辑关系是对比关系。apartfrom“远离,除……之外”;otherthan“除了,不同于”,一般不用于句首;insteadof“代替”;regardlessof“不管,不顾”。选项C符合句意。

8.考查介词辨析。than比……;except除了;for为了……;over超过。句意:云储存有一些超过传统数据储存的优势。选项D符合句意。

9.

考查情态动词辨析。Couldn’t表示不能;wouldn’t表示不会;Shouldn’t表示不应该,语气比较委婉;mustn’t表示禁止,语气比较强烈。选项B项符合要求。

10.

考查固定用法。physical物理的;substantial巨大的;tangible有形的;local本地的,地方的。Physicalstoragedevice为固定用法,意思为“物理存储器”。

11.

考查动词辨析。store储存;share分享;access获得,得到;retrieve检索,恢复,取回。句意:不必用同一台电脑存储和获取信息。retrieve“恢复,重新得到”。选项D符合句意。

12.

考查形容词辨析。comprehensive“综合的”,collaborative“合作的”,coordinated“协同的”,combining“混合的”。句意:将个人项目转化为多个人努力。选项B符合句意。

13.

考查名词辨析。opportunity“时机”,chance“机会”,convenience“便利”,favor“帮助,赞成”;句意:云储存能提供更多的便利。选项C符合句意。

14.

考查名词辨析。focus“焦点,关注”;purpose“目的,用途”;use“使用,用途”;operation“操作,经营”;句意:一些云储存系统拥有十分专门的关注点。选项A符合句意。

15.考查形容词辨析。available“可获取的”,capable“能够的,可以的”,applicable“适用的”,desirable“需要的,期望的”。句意:其他的能用来储存各种形式的数据。选项A符合句意。

16.

考查介词辨析。fillin“填写,填充,替代”;fillup“装满,堵塞”;fillinto“填入,填充”;fill后面不直接接for。句意:塞满整个仓库。选项B符合句意。

17.

考查动词辨析。hold“支撑”,save“存储”,house“把……储存在房内”,run“管理”;句意:把云存储系统储藏在房内。选项C符合句意。

18.

考查后置定语。句意:一个云储存系统只需要一台连接网络的数据服务器。与逻辑主语构成被动关系。过去分词做后置定语。选项B符合要求。

19.

考查副词辨析。probably“可能地”;inconveniently“不方便地”;invariably“总是,不变地”;occasionally“偶尔,间或”。句意:计算机偶尔需要维修。选项D符合句意。

20.

考查动词辨析。ensure“确保某事发生”;promise“承诺”;assure“表示向某人保证某事将要发生”;guarantee“对人的行为及履行义务等承担责任的保证”。选项A符合句意。

3.填空题

Direction:Thereisadefectineachofthefollowingsentences,pleaseimprovethesentencesbyrewritingwiththelestmodificationonANSWERSHEET(10%)

Example:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlthateverymanwantstomarry.

Answer:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlwhomeverymanwantstomarry.

66.Iwillreadtheresearchpaperswhichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudent,beinginhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andwerefishinginvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertoldusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【答案】66.Iwillreadtheresearchpapersfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudentinhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andfishedinvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertellsusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,thatwespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【解析】66.whichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline应作为定语修饰papers,而which引导定语从句在句中缺乏谓语动词,因此需要去掉which,变成介词短语直接作后置定语。

67.将逗号和being去掉,介词短语inhisofficeatthetime可直接作后置定语修饰thestudent,整个句子会更加简洁。

68.在一个句中出现了以and连接的并列成分,后面的词性、时态均保持一致。故应将werefishing更改为fished,与前面的saw和watched保持一致。

69.考查语法时态,主将从现。从句中使用的是一般将来时表虚拟,主句应该使用一般现在时才符合语法结构。因此需要将主句的谓语动词told改为一般现在时tell,主语是theteacher为第三人单数,故谓语动词的使用应与其保持一致,应改为tells。

70.句中成分完整,但wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformation做主语时,引导词that不可省略。

4.单选题

Onlysovereignstatesareabletomaketreaties.

问题1选项

A.constitutional

B.powerful

C.legitimate

D.independent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项constitutionaladj.宪法的,本质的;B选项powerfuladj.强大的,有力的;C选项legitimateadj.合法的,正当的;D选项independentadj.独立的,单独的,无党派的。根据题意可知,只有主权独立的国家才能制定条约,因此本题选择D项。

5.单选题

Theactresswasvery()attheinsultingquestionraisedbyheropponentatthe

conference.

问题1选项

A.extraterrestrial

B.explicit

C.indignant

D.innovative

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。extraterrestrial地球外的,宇宙的;explicit外在的,清楚的;indignant愤怒的,愤慨的;innovative创新的,革新的。根据句中insultingquestionraisedbyheropponent(对手提出的侮辱性问题)可知,她应该是非常愤怒。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds()hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意:教授很难找到充分的理由来支撑自己支持新理论的论据。由此可知,要把hisargument建立在grounds的基础上,即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”,变成定语从句需要将介词on提到关系代词which的前面,即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”,所以选项B正确。

7.单选题

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess()whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

问题1选项

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。intermsof依据,在…方面;incaseof以免;infavorof有利于,支持;inviewof鉴于,考虑到。句意:从谈判的过程中,你期待能实现的事情的方面,了解潜在合作伙伴的谈判条件的灵活性为谈判过程提供了重要的视角。空格后的内容是谈判的一方面,故A项正确。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建设生态文明,是关系人民福祉、关于民族未来的长远大计。面对生态系统退化的严峻形势,我们必须树立尊重自然、保护自然的生态文明理念,把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、文化建设、社会建设各个方面和全过程,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族的永续发展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

9.单选题

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

问题1选项

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.contraction收缩;缩小B.collision碰撞;冲突

C.corrosion腐蚀;侵蚀D.corruption腐败;堕落

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意:塑料比金属更轻,更耐……,但它们通常不坚固。由常识可知大部分塑料的抗腐蚀能力强,因此选C选项。

【干扰项排除】

A选项contraction“收缩;缩小”,根据常识可知塑料遇热易收缩,不符合句意。

B选项collision“碰撞;冲突”,主要指碰撞(或相撞)事故,不符合句意。

D选项corruption“腐败;堕落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金属更轻,更耐腐蚀,但通常不坚固。

10.单选题

Almostasa()totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.

问题1选项

A.corollary

B.outcome

C.consequence

D.results

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论,必然的结果”;B选项outcome“结局,成果”;C选项consequence“重要性,推论”;D选项results“后果”。句意:希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果,人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。

11.单选题

Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,(

)off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.

问题1选项

A.when

B.since

C.whereas

D.because

【答案】A

【解析】考查连接词。when“当……时候”;since“自从,既然”;whereas“然而,反而”;because“因为”。句意:在流行软件通常要求公司改变程序以适应软件的时候,大多数公司更喜欢定制软件,因为它可以被调整以适应公司的业务方式。前后句没有构成逻辑关系,故A项正确。

12.单选题

)eatriceratherthanpotatoes.

问题1选项

A.Mostofpeople

B.Mostofthepeople

C.Themostofpeople

D.Themostpeople

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。most后面可以直接跟可数或者不可数名词,意思是“大多数”;mostof后面接有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词,表示“特定范围中的大多数”;themost后面通常跟形容词,表示最高级。因此选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe(

)ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.

问题1选项

A.foundation

B.juncture

C.institution

D.cessation

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。foundation“基础,地基,创立”;juncture“接缝,接合”;institution“制度,建立,(社会或宗教等)公共机构”;cessation“停止,中止”。根据句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither虽然它不是愚蠢的情景喜剧,但它也不是记录片。”可知空格处的句意是‘电视新闻杂志正好位于信息与娱乐的结合处,’B选项的“结合”正确。

14.单选题

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

问题1选项

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.various各种各样的B.numerable可数的

C.multiple数量多的D.numerous许多的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析

【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“这种鸟最近在这里变得更加____(more____)了”,空格处所填词在该句中做表语;根据后文“我们应该保护它们不受枪击”推测,这种鸟在这里可能会被猎杀,一般鸟多的地方会出现偷猎行为,因此数量变多了符合原句语义衔接,D选项numerous“许多的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项various“各种各样的”不符合原句语义衔接;

B选项numerable“可数的”,是numerous的形近词,但不符合原句语义衔接;

C选项multiple“数量多的”,只能用于名词前,做定语,但原句中空格后没有名词;

【句意】最近这种鸟在这里越来越多了;我们应该保护它们不受枪击。

15.单选题

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean().

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas().

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit().

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe().

问题1选项

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

问题2选项

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

问题3选项

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

问题4选项

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth

问题5选项

A.unimportant

B.impossible

C.awasteofmoney

D.essential

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据“immuneto”定位至其后面一句:Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds(尽管我们似乎通过忽视噪音来适应噪音,但实际上,耳朵永远不会关闭,身体仍然会做出反应),由此推断我们不可能不受噪音的影响,选项A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影响”。

2.文章最后一段提出:为什么人们没有对噪音问题更为警醒,并且后面给出了若干猜测的理由,都指出了人们对噪音问题不够重视,说明作者十分关注噪音对人类的健康产生的影响,因此C项正确。

3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意为:噪音已经成为一个普遍的问题,但是人们并没有重视噪音对人体健康产生的危害。选项C表示“噪音是一个主流问题,但并没有被充分意识到”符合题意。

4.文章指出:噪音会对人体的身心健康产生危害,并且围绕这一点展开,因此D选项“对人们的健康是一种威胁”符合题意。

5.最后一段指出:人们对噪音对健康的危害不够重视,并且噪音和疾病以及残疾之间的关系并没有得到证实,由此推断,作者认为对噪音的研究是有必要的,可以以此唤醒人们对此的注意,故选项Dessential“有必要的”符合题意。

16.单选题

Althoughthetwoplayersare(

)inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

问题1选项

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项partner“同伴、合伙人”;B选项rival“对手、竞争者”;C选项enemy“敌人”;D选项companion“同伴、伙伴”,空格所在的句子为让步状语从句,句子意思为“尽管两位选手在网球场上是对手”,可知空格部分单词意思为“对手”,和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反义词关系,句意为:尽管两位选手在网球场上是对手,但是她们是很好的朋友。故正确答案选B。

17.翻译题

Theatomicnumber(原子序数)isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(质子)pernucleus.

【答案】原子序数等于每个原子的电子数或者相当于每个原子核的质子数。

18.单选题

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”,whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth(

).

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto

).

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause(

).

4.Mad-doggingrefersto

).

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"(

).

问题1选项

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

问题2选项

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

问题3选项

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

问题4选项

A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

问题5选项

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问‘许多非洲裔美国人来自南方…。’由第二段中第一句“PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亚洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通过避开眼神来表示尊敬。很多非裔美国人,尤其是来自南部的那些人,也遵守这个风俗。”确定C选项“避开眼神接触作为尊敬的表示”正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘当听到别人说话时,白人交流者倾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他们做的正好相反,当他们在听的时候,他们总是要看着说话的人。”确定A选项“一直看着讲话者”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘许多美国城市的顾客对韩国店主感到愤怒,因为…’。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.当韩国人店主没有直视他们时,非韩国顾客会变得生气。”确定A选项“韩国人店主没有直视他们”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干询问‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒数第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心,当一个青少年直视另一个青少年时,这被认为是一种挑衅,有时被称为“疯狂跟踪”,并可能导致身体冲突。”确定D选项“一个青少年对另外一位来自不同文化背景的青少年的一种挑衅”正确。

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘古老的短语“我要求满足”…’。由倒数第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短语“我要求满足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成为决斗的序曲一样,冷眼盯着可能成为身体接触的前奏。”确定B选项“经常导致打架”正确。

19.单选题

Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycarslikeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.

Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorciti

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