考研考博-英语-天津师范大学津沽学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津师范大学津沽学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

问题1选项

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：（）殖民主义者们设法消灭全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地区的。因此，A项aboriginal符合句意。

2.单选题

High-fructosecomsyrupiseasyforfoodandbeveragemakerstouse,andhas_______theformerleadingsweetener:sucrose,orordinarytablesugar.

问题1选项

A.edgedout

B.edgedin

C.edgedaway

D.edgedon

【答案】A

【解析】edgeout替代,挤掉;edgein挤进;edgeaway缓缓移动;edgeon怂恿,鼓励。句意：高果糖玉米糖浆对食品和饮料生产商来说很容易使用,而且已经取代了以前重要的增甜剂——蔗糖或普通的食糖。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

问题1选项

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；绳子的背后”，outofline“不协调，违规”，offtheline“打完电话”，没有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公众人物在公共场合说那些话真是不合规矩，尽管人们能理解他，也能看到他对这件事情的看法。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

问题1选项

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

问题2选项

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

问题3选项

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

问题4选项

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

问题5选项

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节判断题。题干意思是“以下哪项是这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时没有做过的？”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.（这些组织在气候变化问题上的立场是一致的：科学是矛盾的，科学家是分裂的，环保主义者是骗子或疯子，如果政府采取行动阻止全球变暖，他们将在没有充分理由的情况下危害全球经济），由此可知A项“破坏环保主义者的声誉”、B项“强调科学家之间缺乏共识”和C项“强调对全球经济的不必要伤害”都属于这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时的说辞，只有D项“保护科学发现不被滥用”没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“下列哪项在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’？”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.（这并不是说这些团体支持的所有科学都是bogus）可知，这句话是上文的承接句，上文最后一句话指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.（这些商业组织不喜欢的研究结果被贴上了“垃圾科学”的标签，他们欢迎的发现被贴上了“可靠科学”的标签），后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明），由此可推测并不是这些组织支持的所有的科学都是假的，故B项“虚假的”符合题意。A项“合理的”、C项“无限制的”和D项“不一致的”都不与bogus的含义相近。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第3题:细节判断题。题干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是为了表示……”。根据题干定位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明；他们会发现一个相互矛盾的研究，比如对流层冷却的发现，并坚持不懈地挖掘它），由此推断，后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是为了说明这些组织出于自己的目的选择科学研究课题，故B项“这些组织如何为他们自己的目的选择科学发现”符合题意。A项“这些组织与科学家的合作有多密切”，内容不符合原文；C项“正确的数据对于科学家做出可靠的发现是多么重要”和D项“一个人的错误可能会阻碍科学的进步”文章没有提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“由埃克森赞助的组织……”。文章最后一句话提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.（在本应举行紧急国际谈判的七八年关键时期，通过主导媒体有关气候变化的辩论，通过不断播撒对科学的怀疑，就像它应该是最有说服力的一样，他们已经证明了赞助商在他们身上花费的金钱是合理的），由此可推断，埃克森赞助的组织最终还是兑现了他们的承诺，和公司在应对气候变化问题上处于一致的立场，故A项“履行了他们诺言”符合题意。B项“几乎引起了世界范围的混乱”和D项“误解了主办者的要求”没有提到；C项“没有达到他们原来的目标”，内容与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要关于……”。本文主要讲在应对全球变暖等环境问题上，大公司埃克森所做的一切措施来维护自身经济利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?（多年来，一个由公民团体和科学机构组成的网络一直声称全球变暖的科学是不确定的，但是谁资助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…（虽然他们这一招在美国是最有效的……），由此可以推断，埃克森美孚公司在解决全球变暖的问题上发挥了作用，故C项“埃克森在拖延全球变暖解决方案方面的作用”符合题意。A项“埃克森卷入科学丑闻”和D项“埃克森推动更多科学发现的努力”文中没有提到；B项“埃克森对气候变化问题的贡献”，文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.（为了保护自己的利润，埃克森美孚需要散播怀疑，是否需要对气候变化采取严格的行动），由此可知，埃克森美孚为了保护自己的利益，而散播谣言阻止气候变化措施的实行，B项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.单选题

Wehadn’tmetfornearly20years,butIrecognizedhim_____Isawhiminthestreet.

问题1选项

A.theminutethat

B.theminutewhen

C.atatimewhen

D.atatimethat

【答案】A

【解析】考查theminutethat句型。句意：我们将近二十年没见过面了，但是当我在街上遇见他的那一刻我就认出了他。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

问题1选项

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical现实的,实际的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示,建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

问题1选项

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

问题2选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

问题3选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题4选项

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要，这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”，B选项“可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”，C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”，D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此，A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑，而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”，B选项“脸上戴着面具”，C选项“从侧面看脸”，D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此，C选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果对方没看，说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣，就会停下来等对方继续看他，或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”，B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”，C选项“不合时宜地停止眼神接触”，D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此，C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞，A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”，B选项“不要打岔”，C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”，D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此，C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.

Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlayunderthesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineerhadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

1.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.

2.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

3.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.

4.“Defied”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

问题1选项

A.forbusinessconsiderations

B.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans

C.foroceanographicstudies

D.formilitarypurposes

问题2选项

A.thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

B.thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

C.theAmericanNavy

D.someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

问题3选项

A.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade

B.tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans

C.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans

D.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

问题4选项

A.“challenged”

B.“agreedto”

C.“doubted”

D.“gaveproofto”

问题5选项

A.theInvestigationofoceandepths

B.theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

C.thebeginningsofoceanography

D.thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.（当提出要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报电缆时，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不尽可能以商业结果为导向来回答“海底是什么？”的问题。），可知铺设电报电缆主要考虑的是商业上带来的利益，根据利益来看是否要铺设，A选项“出于商业考虑”正确，B选项“为了考查海洋的深度”和C选项“用于海洋学研究”错误。D选项“出于军事目的”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.（1853年，大西洋电报公司向美国海军的莫里寻求有关此事的信息。），可知B选项“建议铺设海底电缆的公司”正确。A选项“靠海洋为生的人”，C选项“美国海军”和D选项“一些早期的洲际旅行者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第二句Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.（在19世纪40年代，莫里曾负责推动进行海上航行，以此来勘测北大西洋和太平洋的深度。），可知B选项“测量两个大洋的深度”正确。A选项“估计将要制作的电缆的长度”，C选项“在海洋中做一些声音实验”和D选项“收集海洋植物和动物的样本”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。defied的意思是“违抗；向……挑战”。根据文章第五段最后一句Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.（早期铺设光缆的尝试以失败告终，当取出光缆来维修时，人们发现上面覆盖有生物，这_____了当时科学界认为深海没有生命的理论。），可知之前认为深海没有生物，取出电缆后发现原来深海里有生物，让人们开始怀疑原有理论的真实性，A选项“质疑（质疑事情的真实性）”正确。B选项“同意”，C选项“不相信，不信任（不确定事情是否真实并且没有证据）”和D选项“提供证据”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段对海洋学进行定义，第二段介绍19世纪以前对海洋学的研究情况，第三、四、五段讲海洋学的由来，第六段讲19世纪末人们在海洋学的初步研究成果，C选项“海洋学的起源”正确。A选项“调查海洋深度”，B选项“早期的洲际通讯”和D选项“铺设第一条海底电缆”不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Theyspeakofelectioncampaignpollsasamusicianmightofanorchestra____,orapainterofdefectivepaint.

问题1选项

A.inpace

B.outoffocus

C.instep

D.outoftune

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inpace保持同步B.outoffocus失焦

C.instep步调一致D.outoftune走调

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格处所填词是音乐家（amusician）的后置定语，而根据原句句意“他们把选举投票说成是‘管弦乐队中____的乐师’或‘油漆涂不好（defectivepaint）的油漆匠’”，由此可知，空格处的内容应该与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义一致，因此，D选项outoftune“走调”符合原文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项inpace“保持同步”，与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致；

B选项outoffocus“失焦”，一般用于摄影师，不用于乐师；

C选项instep“步调一致”与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致。

【句意】他们把选举投票说成是“管弦乐队中跑调的乐师”或“油漆有缺陷的油漆匠”。

10.单选题

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

问题1选项

A.musthavedone

B.shouldhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.mayhavedone

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。musthavedone“一定已经做了某事”；shouldhavedone“本应该做某事”；wouldhavedone属于对过去事实的虚拟；mayhavedone“可能已经做了某事”。由句中关键词“nomatter不管”的对应知“可能已经做了某事”符合语境，故D项“mayhavedone”正确。

11.单选题

They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.

问题1选项

A.foundered

B.stumbled

C.fumbled

D.tripped

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.foundered破产，沉没B.stumbled蹒跚而行

C.fumbled笨手笨脚地做D.tripped将……绊倒

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】由宾语acurefortuberculous（治疗肺结核）可知，“发现”符合语境，而stumbleon为固定搭配，表示“意外发现，偶然发现”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项都不与on搭配；

D选项tripon表示“在……上失误”，不符合句意。

【句意】他们在研究其他东西的时候偶然发现了一种治疗肺结核的方法。

12.单选题

Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious,self-reflective,andindependenttestimonytothecontinuinginfluenceoftheearlierAmericanmoralistictraditioninchildren’sbooks.

问题1选项

A.inspirationfor

B.evidenceof

C.requirementfor

D.developmentof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项inspirationfor“对……的启示，对……的灵感”，B项evidenceof“……的证据”，C项requirementfor“需要”，D项developmentof“……的发展”。句意：这部小说中的儿童角色严肃、认真、自我反思，是早期美国道德传统影响儿童书籍的证明。testimonyto在句中表示“……的证明”。因此，该题选择B项。

13.单选题

（）hehasenoughmoneytobuyahouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodo,asisoftenthecasewithhim.

问题1选项

A.Seeingthat

B.Providedthat

C.Grantedthat

D.Consideringthat

【答案】C

【解析】辨析题。Seeingthat鉴于,

由于因为；Providedthat如果,

倘若,

条件是；Grantedthat即使；Consideringthat考虑到,

就...而论。句意：即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子,

这也不意味着他就要去买,

这对他来说是常事。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

问题1选项

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

问题2选项

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

问题3选项

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

问题4选项

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

问题5选项

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

问题6选项

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

问题7选项

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”猎人和他的家人经常几天吃不到肉,说明这些动物都躲着猎人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；选项C正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,饲养植物和驯养动物的启示是人类文明的重要步骤之一,并没有说明人类进入了文明社会,所以选项D不正确；农业本身并没有创造文明,但是如果没有农业,人类不可能在一个地方定居足够长的时间来建立一个永久的家园。也就是说,有了农业,人不必再过游牧生活。选项A正确。

3.根据原文可知,选项B在文中没有提及；选项C和D是文中已知的信息；根据第五段的内容可知,人们从他们的经验中掌握了种植农作物的方法。所以选项A正确。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”随着农业的发现,人类停止了动物般的存在,开始建立文明的基础。选项B符合原文。

5.根据第二段的倒数第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”当某一地区的野味和植物供应被耗尽时,整个部落被迫迁移到一个新的、有希望成为更好的地区。选项C符合原文。

6.根据第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人类学家不确定人类何时或如何学会耕种。他们认为这可能是偶然观察的结果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜测,所以选项B正确。

7.根据最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”随着农业的发现,人类停止了动物般的存在,开始建立文明的基础。选项D符合原文。

15.单选题

Difficultasitis,Englishstudyisinthelongrun（）toalearnerinhisorhercareerdevelopment.

问题1选项

A.rewarding

B.advantageous

C.profitable

D.earning

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。rewarding“有益的,值得的,有报酬的”;advantageous“有利的,有益的”;profitable“有利可图的,赚钱的”;earning“收入,所赚的钱”。尽管英语学习很困难,但从长远来看,它对于学习者的职业发展来说是值得的。选项A符合语境。

16.单选题

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

问题1选项

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”；B选项assured“使确信；弄清”；C选项insure“确保，保证；给……保险”；没有sured这个词。缺谓语动词，由主语Theschoolauthority“学校当局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的关系可知assured“使（某人）确信（某事）”符合题意，句意为：校方向沃森教授保证，他将在5年内获得100万。故答案选B。

17.单选题

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutits