考研考博-英语-天津大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalledfootwearforyuppies.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.

Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Rebookshoes,whicharcpricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.

Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.

Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.

1.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwear

ofyuppies”isthat（）.

2.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat（）.

3.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause（）.

4.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it（）.

5.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?

问题1选项

A.theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups

B.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes

C.“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimage

D.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices.

问题2选项

A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit

B.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors

C.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit

D.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores

问题3选项

A.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand

B.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits

C.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket

D.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts

问题4选项

A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork

B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores

C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts

D.Stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts.

问题5选项

A.Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.

B.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.

C.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.

D.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到第一段第二句活TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.“他们认为，锐步关注的是多元化的细分市场，特别是因为公司在为18岁以下顾客制造篮球鞋和童鞋的同时，也为不爱做有氧运动或跑步的老年顾客提供步行鞋。”，由此可知锐步关注的是多元化的细分市场。所以A项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可以定位在文章第二段的Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetwork.“锐步计划对高端市场零售网络进行一些调整。”和Rebookshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores.“价格在27美元到85美元之间的Rebook运动鞋将继续只在更好的专业产品、体育用品和百货商店出售”。故D项“消费者认为一流的产品只会在高质量的店铺被售卖。”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位在文章第三段Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.。过去几年，这家总部位于马萨诸塞州的公司对其分销商的数量(以及供应给商店的鞋的数量)进行了限制，这在一定程度上是出于必要。有时锐步的需求超出了供应，难以满足经销商的订单。由此可知A项“供不应求”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位在文章第三段中的Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.这些问题现在似乎得到了控制，但公司仍然对经销商很挑剔。”由此可知C项“对于让谁来销售他们的产品仍然挑剔”符合题意，答案选C。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到最后—段中的Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.“通过产品多样化和仔细的市场调查，锐步希望避免耐克几年前遇到的分销问题，当时耐克误判了健美鞋热潮的强度，被迫通过折扣店出售大量库存的跑鞋。”由此可知D项“企业应该正确估计市场上新热潮的影响”。符合题意。因此选D。

2.翻译题

教育无所不在，可以在任何场合进行，可以在淋浴时，也可以在工作中；可以在厨房里，也可以在拖拉机上，教育既包括在学校的正规学习，也包括整个非正规学习的过程。从德高望重的爷爷奶奶到在电视上就时政展开唇枪舌战的人们；从年幼的孩子到著名的科学家都可以是教育者。一个人从婴儿时期起就开始接受教育。教育是一项终身的活动，是人的一生中自始至终不可或缺的组成部分。

【答案】Educationexistsalmosteverywhere.Itcanbegivenonanyoccasion,forexample,whenyouaretakingashower,ordoingajob,andevenwhenyouareinthekitchenoronatractor.Educationincludesnotonlytheregularattendingschoolforlearning,butalsothenon-normallearningoffschool.Everyonecanbeaneducator,fromthehighly-respectedgrandparentstothecriticswhohavespurredastrongdebateoncurrentpoliticsonTVandfromyoungkidstowell-knownscientists,etc.Onereceiveseducationfrominfancy.Education,asalife-longactivity,isallthewaytheindispensablepartofone’slife.

3.单选题

Theplaneisaformoftransportationwhose（

）wetakeforgranted.

问题1选项

A.convenience

B.construction

C.satisfaction

D.insurance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项convenience“便利”；B选项construction“建设”；C选项satisfaction“满足”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：飞机是一种我们认为理所当然便利的交通工具。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals（）asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve解除，减轻；release释放；dismiss解散，解雇；discard抛弃，丢弃。句意：许多动植物会释放一种物质来吸收有害的化学物质。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships________followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.

问题1选项

A.cautiously

B.dutifully

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项“谨慎地”；B选项“忠贞地，尽责地”；C选项“忠实地，如实地”；D选项“巧妙地，熟练地”。句意：海岸警卫队的职责之一是确保所有船只在繁忙的港口（）遵守交通规则。根据关键词trafficrule，我们一般是如实地遵守，而不是说谨慎地、有技巧地遵守，所以C选项最正确。

6.单选题

The（）ofmodembridgeismadeofconcreteorsteelandcoveredwithsomethingelse.

问题1选项

A.arch

B.platform

C.skeleton

D.coating

【答案】A

【解析】arch拱形,拱门；platform平台,月台；skeleton骨架,骨骼；coating涂层,包衣。句意：现代桥梁的拱是由混凝土或钢制成的,上面覆盖着其他的材料。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

问题1选项

A.Cough.

B.Headache

C.Diarrhea.

D.Fever.

【答案】D

【解析】5.M:Goodafternoon.Haveaseat.Sowhathaveyoucomeinfortoday?

W:Thankyou.I’mfeelingill.I’vegotquiteabadcough.Idon’tseemtohaveafever.I’vealsogotaheadacheandalittlebitofdiarrhea.

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnotasymptomthatthewomanhas?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：以下哪项不是这位女士的症状？由文中“I’vegotquiteabadcough.Idon’tseemtohaveafever.I’vealsogotaheadacheandalittlebitofdiarrhea.（我咳嗽得很厉害。但我好像没有发烧。我有点头疼，还有点腹泻。）”，可知D选项“fever（发烧）”不是女士的症状，符合题意。A选项“咳嗽”；B选项“头疼”；C选项“腹泻”是女士的症状，不符合题意。

8.单选题

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Forthespokesmenofthatmovementvoicedthesameconcernsabouttheabsenceoffathersthatmenarevoicingtoday.Theyalsoexpressedthesameanxietyaboutthedangersofaboylearninghisvisionofmanhoodthroughtheeyesofmothersandotherwomen.

Thereisoneimportanttraitthatallfouridealsshare.Eachofthemsignifiesaturningawayfromwomen.Theidealofthespiritualwarriorrepresentsaritualquestformanhoodinanall-malesetting.Theidealofthepleasureseekermaytreatwomenasobjectsofpleasureorasaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment,butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings.Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitmentand,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization,itisnosurprisethatadherentsofthisidealviewwomen’sworldwithsuspicion.

Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals.Pristineinitsblindnesstopersonalhistory,thegreatcontestforsuccessistechnicallyopentoanyonewhocanplayandwinaccordingtoitscompetitiverules.Aswehaveseenhistorically,however,themiddle-classmaleworkplacewasconstructedbymenaccordingtosharedmalevaluesandcustomsthatareculturallyalientowomen.Inrecentyears,womenhavemadestatisticalinroadsintheworldoftheteamplayer,butasyetthereislittlechangeculturallyorstatistically—atthelevelwheremostpoweriswielded.Inreality,theidealoftheteamplayerpositsaworldwherewomenhavedifficultysurvivingeventhoughtheyarenotexplicitlyforbiddentoenter.

Americansareoftenproudthattheydiscountthesignificanceofculturaldifferences:“Weareallindividuals,”manypeopleboast.Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,aspiritualwarrior（）.

2.Theword“accessory”(paragraph3)mustprobablymean“”（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefouridealsistrue?

4.Theauthorseemstoimplythat（）.

5.Inwritingthisarticle,theauthor（）.

问题1选项

A.istheprototypeofthosewhowereonthequestforprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthe20thcentury

B.isbroughtupbythemotherinsteadofbythefather

C.ispassionateanddissatisfiedwiththefather’srole

D.longsforspiritualfulfillment.

问题2选项

A.chief

B.subordinate

C.necessary

D.perfect

问题3选项

A.Theworldofpleasureseekeristhemostfriendlytowomen

B.Existentialheroesdoubtwhetherwomencouldberegardedaspartofourcivilization.

C.Theteamplayerscanbethoughtofascomparativelymoreopen-mindedtowardwomenthantheotherthreeidealsofman

D.Theteamplayersarethemostpowerfulofallthefouridealsofman.

问题4选项

A.thefouridealsofmanhoodareproductsofaconfiningsociety

B.thequestforfatherhoodissharedbythefoursymbolicidealsofman

C.womenarepersecutedinamale-dominatedsociety

D.womenareassociatedwithrestrictioninourculture

问题5选项

A.severelyattackstheinjusticedonetowomenbythemalechauvinist

B.praisesspiritualwarriorsfortheirenthusiasticspiritualpursuit

C.expresseshisdoubtastothevalidityoftheconceptofequalsociety

D.condemnstherestrictiveforcesinamale-dominatedsociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:是那些在20世纪初寻求原始男子气概形象的原型。第二段指出:Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury(这里出现了一系列与二十世纪初期的原始男子气概运动相同点)。因此A项错误。B:由母亲而不是父亲抚养长大。C:热情充溢，对父亲的角色不满。D:渴望精神上的满足。第一段指出:…thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture(这一形象根源于对在美国文化中占支配地位的其他男性形象的不满)。以及:Itgrowsfromadirect，consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale(它由直接地、有意识地专注于一种激情发展而来，这种激情被拥护者称为男性天生的激情)。由此可知精神勇士的形象是源自一种激情和对男性形象的不满，因此C项正确，B项跟D项不符合文章所述。

第2题:词义题。根据“butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings(但是认为她们与满足自己欲望毫无关联)”推断asaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment指的是“在追寻享乐的过程中一个可有可无的、附属的同伴”，因此选B项“从属的，附属的”。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals(相比其他几种形象，具有团队精神的人的世界本质上没有那么排斥女性)，因此C项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment—and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization(存在主义英雄的形象支持从文明社会的限制中和对永恒以及个人承诺的束缚中解脱出来，并将女性和文明社会的约束之间的联系赋予到文化当中)。由此推断D项“女性是和文明社会的约束联系在一起的”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame(对性别和种族问题的忽视成了‘我们对待所有人都是平等的’这一自豪感的来源。但是当人与人之间本来就存在差异的时候，一视同仁反而不能代表平等公平)。由此可看出作者对于美国社会现存的人人平等的观念是否真正能够代表平等公平持怀疑态度，故选C。

9.翻译题

最近的全球经济衰退表明了我们对经济增长的依赖。经济步履蹒跚的时候会发生什么情况？那时，金融市场会崩溃，房地产价格猛跌，就业率降低。这么一来，凯恩斯经济学就会重新兴起。政府投入大量资金，让经济重新运转，同时寄希望于减税和财政刺激来促进投资、生产和就业。

【答案】Therecentglobalrecessionhasdemonstratedourdependenceoneconomicgrowth.Whathappenswhentheeconomyfalters?Financialmarketswouldcollapse,housingpriceswouldplummetandemploymentwouldfall.Keynesianeconomicscouldberevived.Thegovernmentpouredmoneyintogettingtheeconomymovingagain,hopingtaxcutsandfiscalstimuluswouldboostinvestment,productionandemployment.

10.单选题

Thoughitisinmid-May,（）tosomepartsofAppalachianTrailisstillverydifficultastheyarecoveredbythicksnow.

问题1选项

A.orientation

B.access

C.assess

D.voyage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项orientation表示“n.方向；定位；情况介绍，培训”，B选项access表示“n.入口，机会；接近”，C选项assess表示“v.评定；估价”，D选项voyage表示“n.航行；航程”。由句意前后逻辑关系可知，尽管是五月中旬，但是阿巴拉契亚山径的某些区域因厚雪覆盖仍然难以进入。空缺处需与介词to构成搭配，因此，本题正确答案为B选项。固定搭配accessto表示“通向……的入口/通道”。

11.单选题

Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude,orstance.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangedthatseemsmostimportanttome.

WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orempiricalideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.

Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanautonomousblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.

Thus,thetrumpetsofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromLowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostoftheritualofhisculture.OntheotherhandArmstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalarchetype,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeviationfrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculturewouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesisprimarilyoneof（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,BeiderbeckeandArmstrongweresimilarinwhichofthefollowing?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseofenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.

B.Becauseitistheresultofthought,themusicofblackartistscanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.

C.Becausejazzisprimarilyamusicalformcreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultforonemusiciantocopythestyleofanother.

D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.

问题2选项

A.JazzplacedmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandidtheblues

B.JazzchangedtheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.

C.Jazzwasbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpresseditinamannerthatwascomprehensibletowhitemusicians.

D.Jazzwasaformofmusicthathadtobeunderstoodinordertobeplayed,whereastheblueshadtobelearned.

问题3选项

A.indifference

B.appreciation

C.curiosity

D.uncertainty

问题4选项

A.Theattitudestheybroughttotheirmusic.

B.Theirabilitytoreflectotherculturesintheirmusic.

C.Theirrelationshipstotheculturesoftheirancestors.

D.ThepositionstheycametoholdinAmericansociety.

问题5选项

A.theattitudesofblacksandwhitesasreflectedintheirmusicarenecessarilydifferent.

B.Beiderbecke’sintellectualismhamperedhisdevelopmentasamusician.

C.rebellionactedasadestructiveforceonBeiderbecke’sperformance.

D.ArmstrongwaswellestablishedasaperformerandBeiderbeckewasnot

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句为本文的主旨句“Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.”黑人的音乐随着他的改变而改变,反映了在变化的环境中态度的转变或态度的一致。这里的“contexts”指的是环境,所以选项A由于环境的影响,黑人和白人艺术家的音乐一定是非常不同的,符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.”爵士乐运用蓝调“态度”的方式提供了一个白人音乐家可以理解的音乐,因此他可以创造出一种风格的爵士乐。选项C符合原文。

3.观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知,作者认为蓝调是爵士乐中极为重要的一部分。由此可知,作者的态度是支持的,赞赏的。选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“BeiderbeckeandArmstrong”定位到最后一段,“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;”令人难以置信的讽刺是,在美国社会的上层建筑中,这两个人所处的位置是相似的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后几句以及第四段的首句可知,Beiderbecke和Armstrong创作的音乐类型不同是因为黑人和白人对待音乐的态度是不同的,所以选项A正确。

12.填空题

（46）Somepeopleseemtobebetterinlearninglanguages.（47）Theycanpicknewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammars,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagequickerthanothers.（48）Theydonotseemtobeanymorebrighterthanothers,（49）sowhatmakeslanguagesucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.

Firstofall,successfullearnersareindependent.They（50）donotdependonthebookandtheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytounderstandthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguessers（51）findingclueshardandformtheirownconclusions.When（52）theyguesswrong,theyguessotherstime.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.

Successfullanguagelearningisactive.Therefore,successfullearnerslookforchancestousethelanguage（53）actively.Theyfindpeoplespeakthelanguageandaskthemtocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearorsaystrange（54）things.Theycanalsoreceiveinformationthatisinexact（55）orincompleteifacommunicationisdifficult.

46.______________

47.______________

48.______________

49.______________

50.______________

51.______________

52.______________

53.______________

54.______________

55.______________

【答案】46.in改为at

47.grammars改为grammar

48.去掉more

49.such改成so

50.and改成or

51.form改为forming

52.others改为another

53.people和speak间加上who

54.receive改为accept

55.if改成when

【解析】46.考查固定搭配。表示擅长的短语搭配为begoodat，句中说的是有些人会更擅长。因此需要使用good的比较级形式better。句意：有些人似乎更擅长学习语言。

47.考查词汇的单复数含义。grammar为不可数名词时表示“语法，文法”，而其复数形式grammars表示“语言知识及应用能力”。句意：他们可以学习新的词汇，掌握规则或语法。句中指的是语法，为不可数名词，不能使用复数形式。

48.考查比较级的用法。bright是单音节形容词。它的比较级为brighter，more是用来修饰三个音节及以上的形容词的比较级的，故应删掉。句意：他们似乎并不比其他人更聪明。

49.考查such与so的辨析。such是形容词，用来修饰名词；so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。后面的easier是形容词，故应使用so来修饰。句意：那么是什么让语言对他们来说如此容易呢？

50.考查连接词的使用。and和or都能够表示并列，and用在肯定句和陈述句中，or用在否定句和疑问句中。在句中前面有表否定的not，故连接的使用应该用or。句意：他们不依赖书本老师；他们发现自己学习语言的方法。

51.考查并列句中的谓语一致。and前面使用的是现在分词作定语修饰guessers，后面句中的谓语动词也应该与之保持一致。故应将form改为forming。句意：他们是很好的猜测者，能找到困难的线索并形成自己的结论。

52.考查介词辨析。others表示其他人。another做介词时可表示再一，又一次的意思。根据句意：当他们猜错的时候，他们会再猜一次。因此需将others改为another。

53.考查句子成分。Theyfindpeoplespeakthelanguageandaskthemtocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.根据句子结构可知speakthelanguage是定语从句修饰people，而people在从句中担当主语，因此关系代词who不能省略。句意：他们找到说这种语言的人，当他们说错时请这些人纠正。

54.考查动词辨析。receive“收到”表达较为客观被动。accept“接受”具有主观色彩，主动的去接。句意：当交流有困难的时候，他们也能接纳不准确或者不完整的信息。交流的时候他们会主动地去接受一些不完整的信息。因此需要将receive改成accept。

55.考查连接词的使用。根据先前所说的当他们猜错的时候，他们会再猜一次。使用的就是时间状语，那么在他们遇到acommunicationisdifficult的情况的时候，也应该作为时间状语，故应使用when连接而非if。

13.单选题

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorBelt”redistributesoceanorganism.It’saplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Canton—anoceanographer（海洋研究者）atWilliamstown.Mass.-explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[traveling]…intheballastwater（船舶压载水）ofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels（斑马贝）.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly―orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealongwithcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofthousandsofgallon.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarva（幼体）freefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomid-oceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedfortheNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs,itmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

1.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare（）.

2.Oceanorganizersareconcernedbecause（）.

3.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies（）.

4.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis（）.

5.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem（）.

问题1选项

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments

B.destroyingtheplanet

C.succumbingtothezebramussel

D.developingaliencharacteristics

问题2选项

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying

C.theyfearaninvasionf