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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.

【答案】和古典时代的科学相比,现代科学基本上是未完成状态,然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象,而且进步的概念对此非常重要。现代科学进入无限境地。现代科学已经知道,完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的。只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候,僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后,这个有效性也是虚假的。那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识体系一一比如现代物理——只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展。整体来看,现实已经前所未有的支离破碎。于此,现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比。

2.单选题

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe______conditionforexpansionofmind.

问题1选项

A.incompatible

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.indispensable

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.incompatible不兼容的,互斥的B.incredible不能相信的,难以置信的

C.indefinite期限不定的,不明确的D.indispensable不可或缺的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由expansionofmind(开阔思路)可知,knowledgeisthe______condition应该表示“知识是必不可少的条件”,因此,该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项都不符合句意。

【句意】众所周知,知识是开阔思路不可或缺的条件。

3.翻译题

中国具有数倍于法国(France)那么大的面积(area)。

【答案】TheareaofChinaisseveraltimesthesizeofthatofFrance.

4.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球,最后男士说:Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

5.单选题

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(难治疗的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal(可以收买的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.

1.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

2.Scientistshavetoadapttheirresearchto“economicneeds”inorderto().

3.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause().

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

问题1选项

A.Supportfromthevotes.t

B.Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.t

C.Quickeconomicsreturns.t

D.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.t

问题2选项

A.impressthepublicwiththeirachievementst

B.pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssaket

C.obtainfundingfromthegovernmentt

D.translateknowledgeintowealtht

问题3选项

A.Theythinktheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.t

B.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.t

C.Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.t

D.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.t

问题4选项

A.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrongt

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingt

C.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyt

D.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedt

问题5选项

A.Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientistsseekingresearchfunds.t

B.Peoplewouldnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.t

C.Itmaydampentheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.t

D.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“当涉及到科学研究时,大多数政府最关心的是什么?”。文章第一段提到Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.(大多数政府,也许是所有政府,都根据科研单位过去和将来带来的经济效益来证明在科学研究上的公共支出是合理的),由此可知,当涉及到科学研究时,大多数政府最关心的还是科学研究上的公共支出,即科研经费;故B项“减少公共开支”符合题意。A项“选票的支持”,文章第一段提到了Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(难治疗的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.(政客们提醒他们的选民,“我们的科学家”已经发明了辉煌的机器,缓解旧病的新药,以及新的手术设备和技术,这些技术可以治疗以前难以治愈的疾病,挽救生命),可知,虽然政客们在选民中强调科研带来的好处,但无法从文章推断选民的支持是政府最关心的;C项“经济回报快”,这只是政府用于证明科研经费的公共支出的合理性;D项“研究项目的预算”文章没有提及。因此,该题选择B项正确。

第2题:细节推理题。题干意思是“科学家必须使他们的研究适应经济需求以便……”。第一段第四句thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.(政客们要求科学家们根据“经济需求”调整研究,对“接近市场”并能在最短时间内转化为最大投资回报的研究方案给予更高的优先级;科学家的大部分资金都依赖于政客,他们别无选择,只能服从),由此可推,在政客们的要求下,科学家们必须根据经济需求转化为最大投资回报的研究方案,目的是为了从政客那里获取资金,故C项“从政府获得资金”符合题意。A项“用他们的成就给公众留下深刻印象”文章未提及;B项“为了知识而追求知识”和D项“将知识转化为财富”与原文不符。因此,该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“为什么科学家们不抱怨政府关于科学研究的政策?”。第一段最后一句提到Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.(许多人有不同的意见,但他们认为,在一种不利于追求理解本身和探究创新精神的氛围中,他们把这些意见保留了下来),由此可知,科学家们选择保留意见的原因是考虑到了所处环境的现实情况,故A项“他们认为自己的工作环境不利于自由追求知识”符合题意。B项“他们习惯于保留自己的意见”,表述不准确;C项“他们知道赢得公众的支持需要耐心”和D项“他们认为遵守政府政策符合公众的利益”文章未提及。因此,该题选择A项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“作者认为,人们之所以怀疑科学家的专业判断是因为……”。根据第三段最后的例子Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.(最有可能理解核反应堆安全性的科学家是核工程师:如果他宣称一个反应堆不安全,我们就相信他,因为撒谎显然对他不利;如果他告诉我们它是安全的,另一方面,我们不信任他,因为他很可能是在保护付给他工资的雇主),由此可以推理,公众怀疑科学家的专业判断是认为他们和某些咨询公司或者项目有利益关系,故D项“他们可能会受到与有关项目的联系的影响”符合题意。A项“他们的声明往往被证明是错误的”,表述太绝对;B项“有时他们隐藏研究资金的来源”,第二段提到Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.(即使教授没有在任何公司担任顾问,一些人仍然可能因为他与那些咨询公司的关系而不信任他,或者至少怀疑他的研究资金的来源),可知B项表述不正确;C项“他们中的一些人没有优先考虑知识的诚实”,第三段指出Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.(这种态度质疑了个人在一个将学术诚实视为最高美德的职业中工作的正直性,并落入了那些想要用腐败来诋毁科学家的人的手中),由此可知C项表述也不正确。因此,该题选择D项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“为什么作者说公众对科学家的不信任会有破坏性的影响?”。题干所述问题在文章的第三段有体现,Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.(这种态度质疑了个人在一个将学术诚实视为最高美德的职业中工作的正直性,并落入了那些想要用腐败来诋毁科学家的人的手中),并通过核工程师的举例,来表达公众对科学家的不信任的影响,那就是即使科学家说的是真话,公众也不会相信,故B项“人们不会相信科学家,即使他们说真话”符合题意。A项“这给寻求研究资金的科学家带来了困难”、C项“它可能会抑制科学家独立研究的热情”和D项“科学家自己可能怀疑他们的研究发现的价值”在第三段都未描述到。因此,该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat(

).

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

).

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

).

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

).

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

问题1选项

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

问题2选项

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

问题3选项

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

问题4选项

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

问题5选项

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.(这句常被认为是温莎公爵夫人的名言,体现了我们这个时代许多古怪的精神,瘦被认为是一种美德)可知C选项“瘦被认为是一种非常理想的品质”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.(我自己也幻想着穿上狭窄的名牌衣服。因此,为了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面,我也节食)可知A选项“为了生活中更好的部分不得不节食”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的可知在温莎伯爵夫人的那个时代是以瘦为美;由第三段中的最后一句可知,在某些宗教团体中,以胖为财富;由第四段中的第一二句可知,如今人们又以瘦为美。因此人们在不同的年代,对体重的看法不同,因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.(我们对瘦的痴迷也源于对健康的担忧)中的also可知这是从医学角度上来讲的,另一角度是前面第四段提到的当今社会以瘦为美,这是从社会角度来讲的,因此B选项“从社会学和医学的角度”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.(实际上,如果那些变瘦(或已经变瘦)的人认为自己天生健康,因而不必关注自己的整体生活方式,这是很危险的)可知A选项“他们应该更加关注他们的整体生活方式”符合题意。

7.单选题

Hisremarkswereso______thatwecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect.

问题1选项

A.persuasive

B.ambiguous

C.suspicious

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项persuasive“有说服力的,劝诱的”,B项ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱两可的”,C项suspicious“可疑的,怀疑的”,D项consistent“始终如一的,一致的”。由wecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect(我们无法确定哪个可能的意思是正确的)可知,B项符合。句意:他的话含糊不清,我们无法断定哪一个意思是正确的。因此,该题选择B项。

8.单选题

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis(诊断)andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat(

).

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

).

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

).

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof(

).

问题1选项

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

问题2选项

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

问题3选项

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

问题4选项

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我们所知,在新闻业和其他领域一样,我们可以从专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究收集了一些证据,从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。”可知第一段主要说明应该将重点放在专业实践的研究上。答案B

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遗憾的是,关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访”可知C项“新闻采访作为一个特殊的领域被忽视了”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而,实际上很少有人已当面被大众媒体,特别是被电视采访”。可知D项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本书的序言。答案D

9.单选题

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere()andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

问题1选项

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明显她和她丈夫是水火不相容的,她希望自己从来没有嫁给他。

考查形容词辨析。insolvable不能解决(答)的;insensible昏迷的,无知觉的;inseparable不可分离的;incompatible不相容的,矛盾的。根据后半句“她希望自己从来没有嫁给他”可知D符合句意。

10.单选题

Thesoftwareanalysesvoicepatterns,anddetects______changeswhichcanpointtothesuspect’slying.

问题1选项

A.gentle

B.feeble

C.subtle

D.humble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项gentle“温和的”,B项feeble“微弱的,虚弱的”,C项subtle“微妙的,精细的”,D项humble“谦虚的,简陋的”。前半部分的句子意思是“该软件分析语音模式,并检测变化”,可知空格部分应该表示“细微的变化”;故C项符合句意。句意:该软件可以分析语音模式,并检测出细微的变化,从而指出嫌疑人在撒谎。因此,该题选择C项正确。

11.单选题

Sellertakestheviewthatwomenwhouncriticallyadoptphilosophicalconceptionsofknowledgemayfindthemselvessaddledwithconsequencesthatare()theirperceptionsoftheworldandtheirpolitics.

问题1选项

A.atoddswith

B.overtheoddsfor

C.againstalloddswith

D.withintheoddsfor

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。atoddswith“意见不一致”,没有B、C和D选项的搭配。句意:塞勒认为,那些不加批判地接受哲学知识观念的女性,可能会发现自己背负着与她们对世界和政治的看法不一致的结果。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Thepooroldmanwas(

)withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

问题1选项

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。suffer“遭受”;afflict“折磨”;induce“诱导”;infect“感染”。句意:这为可怜的老人患有糖尿病,如果没有适当的治疗,他就会丧失视力,很快就会残废。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Hisbackinjuryhas(

)himunfitforwork,sohehasnoalternativebuttoliveonreliefpayment.

问题1选项

A.rendered

B.devastated

C.reckoned

D.hindered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。render意为“使成为,使变得”;devastate意为“破坏”;reckon意为“测算,估计”;hinder意为“阻碍,妨碍”。

句意:他的背伤使他无法工作,因此,他别无选择只能依靠救济金生活。

14.单选题

Diamondshavelittle()valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct灭绝的,绝种的,破灭的;permanent永久的;surplus过剩的,多余的;intrinsic内在的。句意:钻石本身没有什么价值,它昂贵的价格主要是因为其稀缺性。

15.单选题

Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetations,ormaterialsadversely.Airpollutionrequiresaveryflexibledefinitionthatpermitscontinuouschange.WhenthefirstairpollutionlawswereestablishedinEnglandinthefourteenthcentury,airpollutantswerelimitedtocompoundsthatcouldbeseenorsmelled—afarcryfromtheextensivelistofharmfulsubstancesknowntoday.Astechnologyhasdevelopedandknowledgeofthehealthaspectsofvariouschemicalshasincreased,thelistofairpollutantshaslengthened.Inthefuture,evenwatervapormightbeconsideredanairpollutantundercertainconditions.

Manyofthemoreimportantairpollutants,suchassulfuroxides,carbonmonoxide,andnitrogenoxides,arefoundinnature.AstheEarthdeveloped,theconcentrationsofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemicalcycle.Theseserveasanairpurificationschemebyallowingthecompoundstomovefromtheairtothewaterorsoilonaglobalbasis,nature’soutputofthesecompoundsdwarfsthatresultingfromhumanactivities.However,humanproductionusuallyoccursinalocalizedarea,suchasacity.

Inthislocalizedregions,humanoutputmaybedominantandmaytemporarilyoverloadthenaturalpurificationschemeofthecycle.Theresultisanincreasedconcentrationofnoxiouschemicalsintheair.Theconcentrationsatwhichtheadverseeffectsappearwillbegreaterthantheconcentrationsthatthepollutantswouldhaveintheabsenceofhumanactivities.Theactualconcentrationneednotbelargeforasubstancetobeapollutant;infactthenumericalvaluetellsuslittleuntilweknowhowmuchofanincreasethisrepresentsovertheconcentrationthatwouldoccurnaturallyinthearea.Forexample,sulfurdioxidehasdetectablehealtheffectsat0.08partspermillion(ppm),whichisabout400timesitsnaturallevel.Carbonmonoxide,however,hasanaturallevelof0.1ppmandisnotusuallyapollutantuntilitslevelreachesabout15ppm.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat_____.

3.Naturalpollutantscanplayanimportantroleincontrollingairpollutionforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thenumericalvalueoftheconcentrationlevelofasubstanceisonlyusefulif__________.

5.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedbythepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theeconomicimpactofairpollution.

B.Whatconstitutesanairpollutant.

C.Howmuchharmairpollutantscancause.

D.Theeffectsofcompoundsaddedtotheatmosphere.

问题2选项

A.watervaporisanairpollutantinlocalizedareas

B.mostairpollutantstodaycanbeseenorsmelled

C.thedefinitionofairpollutionwillcontinuetochange

D.asubstancebecomesanairpollutantonlyincities

问题3选项

A.Theyfunctionaspartofapurificationprocess.

B.Theyoccuringreaterquantitiesthanotherpollutants.

C.Theyarelessharmfultolivingbeingsthanareotherpollutants.

D.TheyhaveexistedsincetheEarthdeveloped.

问题4选项

A.theothersubstancesintheareaareknown

B.itisinalocalizedarea

C.thenaturallyoccurringlevelisalsoknown

D.itcanbecalculatedquickly

问题5选项

A.Toeffectivelycontrolpollutionlocalgovernmentsshouldregularlyreviewtheirairpollutionlaws.

B.Oneofthemostimportantstepsinpreservingnaturallandsistobetterenforceairpollutionlaws.

C.Scientistsshouldbeconsultedinordertoestablishuniformlimitsforallairpollutants.

D.Humanactivitieshavebeeneffectiveinreducingairpollution.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.文章内容主要是什么?

A.Theeconomicimpactofairpollution.A.空气污染对经济的影响。

B.Whatconstitutesanairpollutant.B.什么构成了空气污染物。

C.Howmuchharmairpollutantscancause.C.空气污染物能造成多大的影响。

D.Theeffectsofcompoundsaddedtotheatmosphere.D.添加到大气中的化合物的影响。

【考查点】主旨大意题

【解题思路】第一步,定位首尾两段核心句,首段的中心句是第一段第二句话“空气污染需要一个非常灵活的定义(definition),允许不断变化。”最后一段的中心句是第三段第四句“一种物质作为污染物的实际浓度不需要很大;事实上,如果我们不知道这个数值相对于该地区自然发生的浓度增加了多少,它就告诉不了我们什么。”由此可知文章是在讨论空气污染物的定义是什么,作者认为空气污染物没有具体的定义,应该随着实际情况来定义,所以答案应该选B选项“什么构成了空气污染物”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“空气污染对经济的影响”,文中没有提及经济问题,属于无中生有;

C选项“空气污染物能造成多大的影响”,文中没有提空气污染物的具体影响,只是讲到空气污染物这个词怎么定义,这里属于偷换概念;

D选项“添加到大气中的化合物的影响”,这个只是在第二段有提及,属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat_____.2.从第一段可以推断出_____。

A.watervaporisanairpollutantinlocalizedareasA.水汽在局部地区是一种空气污染物

B.mostairpollutantstodaycanbeseenorsmelledB.现在大多数的空气污染物都可以看见或闻到

C.thedefinitionofairpollutionwillcontinuetochangeC.空气污染的定义将继续改变

D.asubstancebecomesanairpollutantonlyincitiesD.一种物质只有在城市里才会成为空气污染物

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】第一步,寻找句内线索,定位到第一段第二句,“空气污染需要一个非常灵活的定义,允许不断变化”。第二步寻找上下文线索,定位到文章第一段倒数第二句话“随着技术的发展和对各种化学品健康方面的知识的增加,空气污染物的清单也加长了”,综上可以推测出,污染的定义会随着各方面的知识增加而有所改变,所以C选项“空气污染的定义将继续改变”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“水汽在局部地区是一种空气污染物”,定位到第一段第五句“将来,在某些条件下,甚至水蒸气也可能(mightbe)被认为是空气污染物。”,这里只是作者的一种假设,是否成真还有待考察,这里属于偷换概念;

B选项“现在大多数的空气污染物都可以看见或闻到”,定位到文章第一段第三句,“14世纪(inthefourteenthcentury),当第一部空气污染法在英格兰建立时,空气污染物仅限于可以看到或闻到的化合物——这与今天已知的广泛的有害物质清单相去太远了”这是14世纪英国一项法律,现在法律已经改了,这里属于反向干扰;

D选项“一种物质只有在城市里才会成为空气污染物”,定位到第二段最后一句“然而,人类生产通常发生在局部地区,如城市”,这里说的是污染物通常是人类生产活动产

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