考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Oneofthepleasantestthingsintheworldisgoingonajourney:butIliketodoitmyselfcanenjoysocietyinaroom,butoutofdoors,natureiscompanyforme.Iamthenneverlessalonethanwhenalone.Icannotseethewitofwalkingandtalkingatthesametime.WhenIaminthecountry,Iwishtovegetatelikethecountry.Ilikesolitude,whenIgivemyselfuptoit,forthesakeofsolitude;nordoIaskfor"afriendinmyretreat,whomImaywhispersweet.""Givemetheclearblueskyovermyhead,andthegreenturfbeneathmyfeet,awindingroadbeforeme,andathreehours’marchtodinnerandIbegintofeel,think,andbemyselfagain.Insteadofanawkwardsilence,brokenbyattemptsatwitordullcommonplaces,mineisthatundisturbedsilenceoftheheartwhichaloneisperfecteloquence.

Othershavedifferentopinions."Letmehaveacompanionofmyself:saysthenovelistLawrenceSterne,"wereitbuttoremarkhowtheshadowslengthenasthesundeclines"Itisbeautifullysaid:butinmyopinion,thiscontinualcomparingofnotesinterfereswiththeinvoluntaryimpressionofthingsuponthemindanddilutestheexperience.Ifyouhavetoexplainwhatyoufeel,itismakingatoolofapleasure.Youcannotreadthebookofnaturewithoutbeingperpetuallyputtothetroubleoftranslatingitforthebenefitofothers.

Thereisonesubjectonwhichitispleasanttotalkonajourney.Igrant,andthatis.Whatoneshallhaveforsupperwhenwegettoourinnatnight.Everymileoftheroadheightenstheflavorofthemealweexpectattheendofit.Howfineisittoentersomeoldtown,walledandturreted,justatapproachofnightfall,ortocometosomestragglingvillage,withthelightssteamingthroughthesurroundinggloom;andthenafterinquiringforthebestentertainmentthattheplaceaffords,"totakeone'seaseatone’sinn!""Theseeventfulmomentsinourliveshistoryaretooprecious,toofoilofsolid,heart-felthappinesstobefritteredanddribbledawayinsolitude.

1.Theauthorofthepassagewouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttravelingalone?

2.Thestatementinlines2-3(Iam...alone)isanexampleof（

）.

3.Stemementions"theshadows(line11)asanexampleofa

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphofthispassage,theauthordoeswhichofthefollowing?

5.Thephysicaldescriptionofthe“town"(line18)and’’village”(line19)primarilyconveyasenseof（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itsenjoymentislargelyamatterofpersonalinclination

B.Itsdifficultiesareeasilyunderestimatedbyinexperiencedtraveler.

C.Itenablesonetomakemuchbettertimethanwhentravelingwithacompanion

D.Itisnotasmuchfunastravelingwithanotherperson

问题2选项

A.anapology

B.ametaphor

C.aparadox

D.aeuphemism

问题3选项

A.specializedinsightthatonlyaseasonedtravelercanbringtobearonasituation

B.observationthattravelersmightenjoysharingnonetheless

C.thoughtlesscommentthattravelersareapttomaketotheirguides

D.beautifulsightthatcannotbecommunicatedaccuratelytothosewhodonottravelfrequently

问题4选项

A.admitstoasuddenchangeofheart

B.notesanexceptiontoapreviouslystatedpreference

C.expressesregretaboutanoverlysweepinggeneralization

D.pointsoutacommonmisconception

问题5选项

A.forebodingisolation

B.ruralpoverty

C.eccentriccustom

D.provincialcharm

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到作者喜欢一个人住，就算到了户外，自然这个伴侣对他来说也已经足够（butoutofdoors,natureiscompanyforme），文章第二段第一句提到其他人有不同观点（Othershavedifferentopinions）。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段第二句话Iamthenneverlessalonethanwhenalone提到那时候我虽然身体上是孤独的，但是我从不觉得孤独。选项C“似是而非的隽语”，表示貌似矛盾，实际上蕴含了人生哲理，符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句话"Letmehaveacompanionofmyself:saysthenovelistLawrenceSterne,"wereitbuttoremarkhowtheshadowslengthenasthesundeclines"提到斯特恩曾讲过“哪怕那个陪伴我的人只讲一些太阳落山，影子变斜之类的话都可以”。但是在作者看来，这种做法会破坏一个人对自然的感受，影响心绪。因此，作者提到“阴影”这个例子是为了说明伴侣之间的行处话题，选项B“旅行者仍然可能喜欢分享”符合题意。

4.作者在前文中提到喜欢旅行独处，因为不断交换意见会扰乱心神，但是最后一段中提到旅途中有一个话题是很愉快的，那就是就餐问题（Thereisonesubjectonwhichitispleasanttotalkonajourney.Igrant,andthatis.Whatoneshallhaveforsupperwhenwegettoourinnatnight），这就是上文中独处不语的例外。选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到能够进入到一个小镇是一件令人愉快的事，可以领略到不同的风土人情（Howfineisittoentersomeoldtown,walledandturreted,justatapproachofnightfall,ortocometosomestragglingvillage,withthelightssteamingthroughthesurroundinggloom;andthenafterinquiringforthebestentertainmentthattheplaceaffords）。可知，小镇跟村庄的描绘传达的是乡土魅力，选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”

1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.

2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.

3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.

4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.

问题1选项

A.nodriveandambition

B.noelectriclighting

C.thebestsleephabits

D.somethingtodointheevening

问题2选项

A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

问题3选项

A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition

问题4选项

A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied

D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

问题5选项

A.improveone’smemorydramatically

B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C.maintainone’sdailyschedule

D.feelenergeticandperformadequately

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.（我们睡眠不足危机的开始可以追溯到一个世纪前灯泡的发明。）”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.（当天很黑，我们晚上在农场无所事事的时候，最好的睡眠习惯曾经强加在我们身上。）”，由此可知那时因为晚上因为没有照明所以农场里没有事情可做，人们不得不养成了睡9.5个小时的睡眠习惯，所以B选项“无电气照明”符合题意。A选项“没有动力和野心”文中没有提到，C选项“最佳睡眠习惯”不符合题意；D选项“晚上有事要做”说法错误，文中说到了他们晚上无事可做。因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.（人们在睡眠中作弊，他们甚至没有意识到这件事……他们认为自己没事，因为他们觉得睡6.5个小时就够了，但实际上他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”，由此可知美国人经常睡眠不足，但他们不以为然，甚至忽视睡眠不足的后果，因此B选项“常常忽视睡眠不足的后果”符合题意。A选项“即使在生活的压力下也精力充沛”和C选项“不知道如何适当地放松自己”文章没有提到；D选项“只需6.5小时的睡眠”说法有误，文章提到他们自认为6.5个小时的睡眠足够，事实上是完全不够的。因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.（每当来自工作、家庭、朋友和社区的压力增加时，许多人认为睡眠是他的计划中最便宜的项目）”，由此可知美国人常常认为在忙碌时，睡眠是第一件可以牺牲的事，因此A选项“当一个人忙碌时，睡眠是第一件可以牺牲掉的事”符合题意。B选项“他们需要更多的睡眠来应付日常生活的复杂性”与原文意思相反，故B选项错误；C选项“睡眠是一天中任何时候都可以做的事”和D选项“充足的睡眠促进人们的动力和野心”文章没有提及，因此A选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.（为了确定睡眠不足所产生的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列心理和行为的测试，要求他们把一栏数字相加或者回忆刚读过的文章。）”，由该句意思可推断出subjects应该指人。A选项“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能测试”；B选项“正在研究的特殊知识分支”；C选项“行为或反应被研究的人”；D选项“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C选项更符合题意，因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据文章第二段“...theyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.（他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”以及最后一段“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers...Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.（我们发现，如果你睡眠不足，你的表现就会受到影响……短期记忆被削弱，做决定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱）”，由此可知D选项“感到精力充沛，表现良好”符合题意。A选项“明显提高一个人的记忆力”；B选项“在别人看来充满活力”；C选项“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Thelawyerthoughtthatpieceofevidencewas（）earlyintheinvestigationbutitturnedouttobevitalinconvictingthemanoftheft.

问题1选项

A.unchangeable

B.insignificant

C.inevitable

D.unsuitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unchangeable“无法改变的”；insignificant“无关紧要的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”;unsuitable“不适合的”。根据表转折的连词but可知前后有一个转折关系，后面提到“它（证据）成为指控那个男人盗窃的关键证据”，可知前面的内容是认为这个证据“无关紧要”，因此选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Assoonasshecoulddosowithoutanappearanceofbeingrude,shepretendedto（）rose,andlefthimtherealone.

问题1选项

A.faint

B.urge

C.yawn

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。faint“昏倒，变得昏迷”；urge“催促，推进”；yawn“打哈欠”；sink“下沉”。句意：只要她可以这么做而又不显得无礼时，她假装打了个哈欠，然后起身，留下他独自呆在那里。只有C项符合句意。

5.单选题

Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeanddeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.

Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersandaircraftthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentdamage,etc.

Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansayisnecessary.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,andthenthewholeassembly—forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.

Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernmentcertificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,exceptfortestflying.

Makingtheworkingpartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.

Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkers,withelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthousesandnewmaterialstogivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.

1.Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare（

）.

2.Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby

（

）.

3.Thestressman'sjobisto

（

）.

4.Thefirstthreeairplanesofanewtype

（

）.

5.Allequipmentinanaircraftmust（

）.

问题1选项

A.speedandcost

B.reliabilityandpassengercomfort

C.lightnessanddependability

D.abilitytostayupintheairandreliability

问题2选项

A.theengineerpower

B.theamountoffreightroom

C.thenumberofpassengers

D.internationalregulations

问题3选项

A.testhowsafetheplaneis

B.calculatehowstrongeachpartmustbe

C.workouthowheighttheplanemayflyat

D.controltheamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry

问题4选项

A.areonlyforshow

B.arealldestroyed

C.arelaterbrokenupforspareparts

D.areusedfortestingpurposes

问题5选项

A.betestedtodestruction

B.notbetoolightinweight

C.workespeciallywellathightemperatures

D.workperfectlywithinawiderangeoftemperatures

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.（有两件主要的事情使飞机工程变得困难：需要使每一个部件尽可能可靠，以及需要建造一切尽可能轻的东西）可知C选项“轻便与可靠性”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.（考虑到一定的发动机功率，并由此产生一定的燃料消耗，可以飞行的飞机的总重量有一个实际的限制）可知飞机的最大可能重量由发动机功率决定的，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.（设计人员必须计算每个零件将承受的正常载荷）可知B选项“计算每个部分能承受的正常重量”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.（当一种新型飞机被制造出来时，正常情况下，头三架飞机中只有一架可以飞行。在结构试验中，两架将在地面上销毁，第三架将在空中进行测试）可知这三架飞机都是用来测试的，两架用于地面测试，一架用于空中测试，因此选D。

5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.（但必须在海拔较高、温度可能低于冰点的情况下工作，也必须在热带地区的热空气中工作）可知飞机上的所有设备都必须能在温差范围极大的条件下工作，因此选D。

6.单选题

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

问题1选项

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似词辨析。traversed横越，穿过；transferred使转移，使调动；trampled践踏，无视；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一个有经验的旅行者，在她二十多岁的时候就穿越了非洲和欧洲。只有A项符合题意，答案A

7.单选题

Atfirst,shewasn’tused（

）andwouldfindexcuseforhermedicine.

问题1选项

A.tobecriticized

B.tocriticizing

C.tobeingcriticized

D.tocriticize

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语。句意：开始的时候她并不习惯（）会为了自己的药找借口。这里批评是“她”被批评，所以要用被动语态，所以B、D排除；根据固定搭配beusedtodoingsth“习惯于做某事”，这里A选项排除；所以这里答案选C。

8.单选题

Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor“analyzed”,untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,teacherorstudent.Betterstill,perhaps,isthepracticeofreadingittwice,onceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheend,sothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit.

Alldiscussionsofpoetryare,infact,preparationsforreadingitaloud,andthereadingofthepoemis,finally,themosttelling“interpretation”ofit,suggestingtone,rhythm,andmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoice,onrecordsoronfilms,isobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitor,bestofall,recitingit.

Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan“analyzing”it,ifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis“acriticismoflife”,and“aheighteningoflife”.Itis“anapproachtothetruthoffeeling”,andit“cansaveyourlife”.Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.

IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnature,aboutitssoundaswellasitssense,andtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit.

1.Tohaveabetterunderstandingofapoem,oneshould（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafunctionofpoetry?

3.Accordingtothewriter,oneofthepurposesofteachingEnglishistogetstudents（）.

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?

5.Thephrase“makeroom”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby（）.

问题1选项

A.discussitwithothers

B.analyzeitbyoneself

C.copyitdowninanotebook

D.practicereadingitaloud

问题2选项

A.Extendingyourlife

B.Savingyourlife

C.Criticizinglife

D.Heighteninglife

问题3选项

A.tounderstandlife

B.toenjoypoetry

C.tobecometeachers

D.tobecomepoets

问题4选项

A.Morestressshouldbelaidontheteachingofpoetry.

B.Poetryismoreimportantthananyothersubject.

C.Onecannotenjoylifefullywithoutanunderstandingofpoetry.

D.Poetryisthefoundationofalllanguageandliteraturecourses.

问题5选项

A.“buildabooth”

B.“provideequipment”

C.“leaveacertainamountoftime”

D.“setasideenoughspace”

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段的第一句“Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor‘analyzed’,untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,teacherorstudent.任何诗歌都应该先由某人，老师或学生大声朗读，再来进行讨论或‘分析’。”所以选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Poetryis‘acriticismoflife’,and‘aheighteningoflife’.Itis‘anapproachtothetruthoffeeling’,andit‘cansaveyourlife’.诗歌是‘对生活的批评’，也是‘对生活的升华’。它是‘一种接近真实感受的方法’，它‘可以拯救你的生命’。”由此可知，只有选项A在原文没有提及。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第二句“IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.我认为我们作为英语教师的目标之一就是让学生热爱诗歌。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

4.语义推断题。原文第三段的最后一句提及“Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.它（诗歌）也应该在语言和文学教学中占有比现在更重要的地位。”也就是说，应该要更加重视诗歌的教学，所以选项A符合原文。

5.词义推断题。根据关键词所在原文的句意“但那些教授诗歌的老师必须牢记诗歌的本质、诗歌的声音和诗歌的意义。他们必须在教室里留出时间让学生思考诗歌，同时也让学生听诗。”由此可推断，这里的“makeroom”指的是留出时间，所以选项C符合原文。

9.单选题

Arecentpollshowsthat,while81percentofcollegestudentsareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid,only63percentofthesestudentsare___suchaid.

问题1选项

A.complainingabout

B.recipientsof

C.dissatisfiedwith

D.turneddownfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项complainingabout“投诉；对……抱怨”；B选项recipientsof“……的收件人；……的获得者”；C选项dissatisfiedwith“对……不满意”；D选项turneddownfor“为……减小，关小，调低/拒绝”。句意：最近的一项民意调查显示，81%的大学生有资格获得某种形式的经济援助，而这些学生中只有63%的人___这种援助。本句表示“只有63%的学生是这些援助的获得者（只有63%的学生获得这些援助）”。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

VI.(Jurisprudence)

AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).TheRealistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.

ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture—thedominantoneintheWesternworldfromthemid-19thcenturythroughatleastthemiddleofthelastcentury—wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge,andthoughtallotherdisciplines(fromsocialsciencetolegalstudy)shouldemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.Chiefamongthelatterwasthemethodofempiricaltesting:hypotheseshadtobetestedagainstobservationsoftheworld.ThustheRealistsfrequentlyclaimedthatexistingarticulationsofthe“law”werenot,infact,“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.AlsoinfluentialonsomeRealistswasbehaviorisminpsychology—JohnWatson’sversion,notthelater,andbetter-known,brandassociatedwithB.F.Skinner—whichwasitselfinthegripsofa“positivistic”conceptionofknowledgeandmethod.

BrianLeiter:AmericanLegalRealism

71.AmericanLegalRealismhadaprofoundimpactontheflowingbut___.

72.Fromthe1stparagraphwecanknowthatScandinavianRealists___.

73.TheAmericanRealistsarguedthat___.

74.WhatistheintellectualculturethatAmericanRealismshareswithitsScandinaviancousin?

问题1选项

A.Americanlegaleducation

B.Americanlegalscholarship

C.Americanlawreform

D.Americanlawyers

问题2选项

A.werephilosophers

B.wereprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrines

C.werereachingagainst“mechanicaljurisprudence”

D.heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons

问题3选项

A.courtsdecidecasesnotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbasedontheirsenseof“fairness”

B.legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyasprior-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations

C.philosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviewsarenecessary

D.carefulempiricalconsiderationrevealsthatcourtsdecidecasesprimarilybecauseoflaw

问题4选项

A.Existingarticulationsofthe“law”werenot“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.

B.Methodofempiricaltesting.

C.Takingnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge.

D.Alldisciplinesshouldalsoemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】71.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.（美国法律现实主义运动是20世纪美国最重要的本土法学运动，不仅对美国的法学教育和学术产生了深远的影响，而且对美国的法律改革和律师业也产生了深远的影响）可知A选项“美国法律教育”，B选项“美国法律学术”，C选项“美国法律改革”符合原文；D选项“美国律师”原文未提及。因此D选项符合题意。

72.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“Scandinavian”定位到原文第一段UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.（与它的斯堪的那维亚表亲不同，美国法律现实主义主要不是从语义学和认识论的实质哲学学说的法律的延伸。现实主义者是律师（加上一些社会科学家），而不是哲学家，因此，他们的动机是不同的）可以推测出斯堪的那维亚的法律现实主义者们是哲学家，选A选项“是哲学家”，同时可知B选项“主要是实质性哲学理论对法律的延伸”错误，原文只是说美国法律现实主义主要不是从语义学和认识论的实质哲学学说的法律的延伸，没有说斯堪的那维亚的法律现实主义是否是实质性哲学理论对法律的延伸，B选项偷换概念；第一段Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).（作为律师，他们（指的是美国的现实主义者）与当时占主导地位的“机械法学”或“形式主义”相抗衡。这里所指的“形式主义”认为，法官根据不同的法律规则和理由来判决案件，这些规则和理由在大多数案件（也许是每一个案件）中证明一个独特的结果是正当的）可知C选项“与‘机械法学’相抵触”和D选项“认为法官根据不同的法律规则和理由判决案件”也属于偷换概念。因此A选项正确。

73.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段最后一句BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.（由于现实主义者从未对法律的性质或法律理论的概念作出明确的哲学预设，因此，现实主义者今天的重要法理学任务之一就是对这些观点进行哲学重构和辩护，尤其是反对法律哲学家的批评，尤其是H.L.A.Hart）可知C选项“这些观点的哲学重建和辩护是必要的”符合原文；第一段Realistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.（相反，现实主义者认为，对法院如何真正判决案件进行仔细的实证研究表明，法院的判决主要不是因为法律，而是基于（粗略地说）他们对案件事实的判断）可知A选项“法院判决案件主要不是基于法律，而是基于他们的‘公平感’”以及D选项“仔细的实证研究表明，法院决定案件主要是因为法律”错误；第一段Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.（法律规则和理由仅仅是根据非法律考虑做出的决定的事后合理化）可知B选项“法律规则和理由仅仅是根据非法律考虑做出的决定的临时合理化”错误。因此C选项正确。

74.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段开头ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture…wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge…（但现实主义也带有知识文化的印记，它确实与它的斯堪的纳维亚表亲有共同之处。这种文化……是非常“实证主义”的，因为它把自然科学视为所有真知的范式……）可知选C选项“以自然科学为所有真知的范式”；A选项“‘法律’的现有条文并没有通过对法院实际行动的实际观察而得到‘确认’”，B选项“实证检验方法”以及D选项“所有学科都应该仿效自然科学的方法”并不符合题意，排除。因此C选项正确