考研考博-英语-大连翻译职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连翻译职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

It’samistaketothinkofFloridaonly（

）itstouristattractions.

问题1选项

A.inthetermsof

B.intermof

C.intermsof

D.intermswith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:只根据旅游景点来评判佛罗里达是不正确的。

考查短语辨析。inthetermsof无此表达;intermof就…而言;intermsof依据,按照;intermswith无此表达。因此B符合句意。

2.单选题

Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto（

）interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.

问题1选项

A.assemble

B.generate

C.yield

D.gather

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。assemble“集合”；generate“引起，产生”；yield“屈服”；gather“收集”。句意：电视上的广泛报道引起了大家对各种各样的体育活动的兴趣。B项符合句意，答案B

3.翻译题

ManychangesaretakingplaceinAmericans’foodstyles.1.TheUnitedStatesistraditionallyfamousforitssolidandunchangingdietofmeatandpotatoes.Nowwehavemanydifferentalternativestochoosefrom:variousethnicfoods,nutrition-balancedhealthfood,andconvenientanddeliciousfastfood,inadditiontothetraditionalhome-cookedmeal.

EthnicrestaurantsarecommonplaceintheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,thereisanimmensevarietyinitscateringcultures.AnylargeAmericancityisfilledwithrestaurantsservinginternationalcooking.

2.Healthfoodgainedpopularitywhenpeoplebegantothinkmoreseriouslyabouttheirphysicalwell-being.Theveryterm“healthfood”isironicbecauseitimpliesthatthereisalso“unhealthyfood”.Healthfoodincudesnaturalfoodwithminimalprocessing,i.e.,therearenopresevativestohelpitlastlongerorotherchemicalstomakeittastyorlooklikebetter.3.Mosthealthfoodenthusiastsarevegetarians:Theyeatnomeat;theyprefertogettheiressentialproteinsfromothersources,suchasbeans,cheese,andeggs.

Fast-foodrestaurantscanbeseenalloverthecountry.SpeedisaveryimportantfactorinthelifeofanAmerican.Peopleusuallyhaveaveryshortlunchbreakortheyjustdonotwanttowastetheirtimeeating.Andfoodinfast-foodrestaurantsisalwayscheap.

Americans’attitudetowardfoodischanging,too.Thetraditionalbigbreakfastislosingpopularity.Peoplearerediscoveringthesocialimportanceoffood.4.Dinnerwithfamilyorfriendsisagainbecomingaspecialwayofenjoyingandsharing.Likesomanypeopleinothercountries,manyAmericansaretakingtimetorelaxandenjoythefinertastesatdinner,eveniftheystillrushthroughlunchatahamburgerstand.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）从传统意义上讲，美国食品因其厚腻而又一成不变的土豆烧肉而为世人所熟知。如今我们有许多不同的选择：除了传统的家常菜以外，还有各种民族风味食品、营养保健食品以及方便可口的快餐食品。

（2）当人们开始重视自身健康时，保健食品倍受欢迎。“保健食品”这种说法具有讽刺意味，因为它暗示还有“非保健食品”。

（3）大多数热衷于保健食品的人是素食主义者：他们不吃肉，宁愿从其他渠道，如大豆、奶酪和鸡蛋中获取必要的蛋白质。

（4）同家人或朋友共进晚餐又成为一种特别的分享快乐的方式。尽管美国人仍然会站在汉堡包摊位前匆匆吃完午餐，但在吃晚饭时，他们像其他国家的许多人一样，从容不迫地享受着美味佳肴。

4.单选题

In（）timeshumanbebeingsdidn’ttravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prime“最好的”；B选项primitive“原始的，远古的”；C选项primary“最初的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：在（）时代，人类旅行不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。这句话表达的含义是“在原始时代……”，因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto（

）thatamountprintedonthebottle.

问题1选项

A.surpass

B.substitute

C.exceed

D.overcome

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。surpass“超过，优于”；substitute“代用品，替代者”；exceed“超过”；overcome“克服（困难）”。句意：吃药的时候注意不要超过瓶子上写的剂量。答案C

6.单选题

Apowerfailurecreated____intransportation,sothepolicehadtoengageinhandlingwiththeconfusion.

问题1选项

A.emergency

B.emergence

C.extension

D.enclosure

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.emergency紧急情况；突发事件B.emergence出现；兴起

C.extension延伸D.enclosure围场；附件

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“由于停电，交通系统出现了‘____’”，根据后文“因此警方不得不介入处理这一混乱局面（confusion）”推测，交通系统因为停电出现了混乱，空格处所填词与“停电导致交通系统混乱”对应，A选项“紧急情况；突发事件”最符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

B选项emergence“出现；兴起”，为emergency的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；

C选项extension“延伸”，不符合原句语义衔接；

D选项enclosure“围场；附件”，不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】由于停电，交通出现了紧急情况，警察不得不出面处理混乱局面。

7.单选题

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

问题2选项

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

问题3选项

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

问题4选项

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

问题5选项

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力)。由此可知B项“各类杂志正在强化自身的统计检查”正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(杂志的内部编辑、现有的审稿委员会或外部同行审稿人将对Manu进行进一步的审查),由此可知“flagup”有“标出；指出”的意思，故C项“被标记”正确。

3.细节事实题。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience(这个影响不仅通过《科学》杂志本身的出版物来产生，而且希望通过大量的出版机构来产生影响，这些机构可能想去模仿《科学》杂志的方式)。由此可知D项“为其它杂志树立榜样”正确。

4.推理判断题。第一段支出:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityof,manypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知C项“有进一步改善的空间”正确。

5.主旨大意题。全文中心句出现在第一段:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知A项“《科学》杂志在论文方面加入审査统计数据的行列”比较适合作标题。

8.单选题

Inanattemptto______astrike,thetwosidesagreedtonegotiatethroughthenight.

问题1选项

A.arbitrate

B.herald

C.trigger

D.avert

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.arbitrate仲裁，公断B.herald是（某事）的前兆，预示

C.trigger引起，触发D.avert防止，避免（危险、坏事）

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“为了______罢工，双方同意彻夜谈判”可知，空格处表示“避免，防止”符合句子前后意思。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合句意；

C选项trigger“引起，触发”，一般和off搭配，尤指使某事突然发生，且与句子中“彻夜谈判（negotiatethroughthenight）”不相配，排除。

【句意】为了避免罢工，双方同意彻夜谈判。

9.单选题

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；B选项intensely“强烈地”；C选项densely“浓密地，密集地”；D选项intensively“集中地，广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，前后形成对比。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以选项C正确。

10.单选题

In______times,humanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasure,buttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primary

C.primitive

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项prime“主要的，最好的”，B项primary“初级的，基本的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的，简单的”，D项preliminary“初步的，开始的，预备的”。由后面的句意“人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找一个更适宜的气候”可知，In______times表示“原始时代”符合语境。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找一个更适宜的气候。因此，该题选择C项正确。

11.单选题

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

问题1选项

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。fellshortof达不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是词组。句意：他很聪明,但达不到管理职位的要求。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready（）toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.

问题1选项

A.excess

B.approach

C.solution

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英语是一门非常重要的需要掌握的外语，因为它是通向知识世界和商业世界的（）。

A选项excess超过；B选项approach接近；C选项solution解决；D选项access入口，进入。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院医生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出错)andgettheresttheyneed.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?

4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.

B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.

C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.

D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.

问题2选项

A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

问题3选项

A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.

B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.

C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.

D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.

问题4选项

A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.

D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

问题5选项

A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.

D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.（那些每天睡眠时间超过8小时但仍然感到疲劳的人死于中风的可能性是正常人的近三倍，这可能是由于一种潜在的疾病使他们无法睡得安稳所致。），可知睡得足够久却疲惫的人可能是因为患有疾病，D选项“睡眠质量差可能是身体紊乱的迹象”正确；这里没有说到中风和睡眠的关系，A选项“中风常与睡眠有关”错误；这里没有说到睡眠过多的危害，B选项“睡眠过多和睡眠不足一样有害”错误；文中没有说到睡眠少就容易生病，C选项“每天睡眠少于8小时的人更容易生病”错误。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者提出住院医生睡眠不足的问题，然后对医生在睡眠不足的情况下提供的服务质量提出质疑，最后一句说Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.（奇怪的是，那些认为在酒精影响下进行手术就可以被解雇的外科医生对于在睡眠不足的情况下进行手术往往毫不犹豫。），可知作者认为睡眠不足和醉酒没什么两样，D选项“睡眠不足的医生像喝醉了一样”正确；没有提到医生对自己睡眠不足这个情况的态度，A选项“医生往往忽视他们自己的睡眠问题”错误；医生不能醉酒做手术，而睡眠不足如同醉酒，所以医生也需要充足的睡眠，B选项“医生通常需要很少的睡眠来保持精力充沛”错误。这一段主要在表达医生睡眠不足会影响服务质量，并且明确表示住院医生睡眠被剥夺，不符合题干中“第一段暗含什么”的条件，也不是表达的主要内容，C选项“住院医生的睡眠被剥夺”错误。因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者列出了睡眠不足对医生的影响，比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.（我真的是站着睡着了，脸差点被埋在伤口里。）和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.（几乎我认识的每个外科住院医生都在下班回家的路上睡着了……我知道有三个人撞到了停着的车。另一辆撞到了路边的一家便利店。），最后总结说“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.（“你自己的病人变成了你的敌人。”第三个人写道，因为他们是“阻碍你睡好几个小时的唯一因素”。），表达医生因为职业的关系缺乏睡眠，在这里作者用大量篇幅举例来阐述医生缺乏睡眠的危险，B选项“举例说明缺乏睡眠给医生带来的危险”正确；这里只是表达因为要治病，医生缺乏睡眠，A选项“显示医生对病人的敌意”错误；娱乐读者不是主要目的，而是举例表达观点，C选项“用一些轶事来娱乐读者”错误；D选项“讨论医生出现睡眠问题的原因”不是表达的重点，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.（它的关键条款模仿了纽约州的规定，包括每周80小时的工作时间和24小时的轮班限制。然而，大多数医生抵制这种干预。），可知医生不赞同法案中对医生工作时间如此具体和死板的规定，认为睡眠的时间段不是能够用法律规定的，不想连睡眠都要受法律束缚，D选项“政府干扰过多”正确。A选项“关于工作周和轮班的规定太具体了”和B选项“法律不能让医生睡觉，但是他的意识可以”：不是表达的主要意思。C选项“医生不应该遵守政府的规定”：文中没有这样的意思。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第六段TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown…Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.（在美国，飞行员和卡车司机的工作时间都有严格的控制。但除非也给医生制定这样一套规定，否则病人只能听天由命……就医生而言，他们必须放弃一贯不出错的姿态，而得到他们需要的休息。），可知医生需要充足的休息来保证工作任务的质量，A选项“如果医生没有得到充分的休息，病人将面临更多危险”正确；这里说的是飞行员和卡车司机的工作时间问题，而不是工作的安全性，C选项“飞行员和卡车司机的工作环境比医生更安全”错误。B选项“有关人员有权解除其医生的职务”和D选项“病人可以选择医生的睡眠时间”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.

问题1选项

A.fulfill

B.accomplish

C.implement

D.affect

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项fulfill“实现；满足；使结束”；B选项accomplish“完成；实现；达到”；C选项implement“实施，执行；实现，使生效”；D选项affect“影响”。句意：经理的工作不是做决定，而是执行主管做的决定。结合此处关键词makedecision（做决定），得知C选项正确。

15.单选题

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanbe（

）atthemanager’soffice.

问题1选项

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。declare“申报，宣布”；obtain“获得，得到”；reclaim“取回，开拓”；recognize“承认，识别”。句意：通知上说钱包已经被找到并且可以在经理办公室领回。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Bothdog'sdietandstructureare_______tothoseofthehumanbeing,andsoithasbeenthesubjectofcountlessdemonstrationsandexperiments.

问题1选项

A.comparable

B.comparative

C.equal

D.contrary

【答案】A

【解析】comparable比得上;comparative比较的,相当的。句意：狗的饮食和结构都可以与人类相比,因此它已经成为无数演示和实验的对象。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom（）.

问题1选项

A.performance

B.function

C.behavior

D.display

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。performance“表现”；function“功能”；behavior“行为”；display“展示”。句意：许多研究已经将一天的第一顿饭与更好的课堂表现联系起来。A项符合题意。

18.单选题

Youcouldarguethatmanyartistshavebecomemore（

）happinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.

问题1选项

A.confidentin

B.skepticalof

C.realisticabout

D.incapableof

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词短语辨析。confidentin“对…有信心”；skepticalof“对…怀疑”；realisticabout“对……现实”；incapableof“没有能力做……”。句意：你可能会认为艺术家们越来越怀疑快乐了，因为现代社会经历了如此多的不幸。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

EvenifyouhaveneverseenaJarmanfilmorpainting,orgarden,youcan______thepassionandgraceofhiswriting.

问题1选项

A.assess

B.pursue

C.savor

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.assess评估；评定

B.pursue追求；致力于

C.savor品味；体会D.testify（尤指出庭）作证；证明

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息thepassionandgraceofhiswriting（他作品中的激情和优雅）可知，空格处表示“品味，体会”符合句意，故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】即使你从未看过贾曼的电影、绘画或花园，你也能品味到他作品中的激情和优雅。

20.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.

Thereallycriticalimplicationofthediscoverystilllieswiththedoorthatgeneticistshaveopenedontheenvironmentalinfluencesofourbehavior,ourpersonalitiesandourhealth,andforthecriticalblowitstrikestheideaofbiologicaldeterminism.

41.Forthepastdecade,thepublichaswitnessedarisingepidemicoftalesofdiscoveriesofgenesthatdisposehumanitytohomosexuality,toalcoholism,topoliticalpersuasion,torunningability,andtoartistictaste.

Butevenbeforeyesterday’srevelationsbyVenter,scientistshadstoppedbelievinginthegaygene.Yetbeliefinitsexistencestillpersistsamongthepublic.42.Theassaultonbiologicaldeterminismthatgeneticistshavenowtriggeredwillbetimely,andhumannatureisalotmorecomplexandintriguingthandeterministshavegivenitcreditfor.

IthasbecomeincreasinglyfashionableforindividualsparticularlyintheUnitedStatestoblameactionsandcrimesontheinfluenceoftheirgenes.SeveralUSdefendantsaccusedofviolentcrimeshavearguedthattheywereinnocentvictimsoftheirgenes.43.Inotherwords,geneticpredestinationcouldsoonhavebeenusedtoexcusemurderorrobbery—ifithadnotbeenforthisdiscoverythatwelackthegenestothusdisposeus!

KevinDaviesistheauthorof“TheSequence”,astoryofthehumangenomerace.Hesaid.44.“Therehasbeenarecentstudyonperfectpitch,theabilitytoknowtheabsolutepitchofamusicalnote,thatstronglysuggeststhatisacquiredthroughtheinheritanceofasinglegene.”“Thatmaysoundlikeaclear-cutpieceofbiologicaldeterminism.However,thereisacrucialcorollaryyouhavetobeexposedtoearlymusicaltrainingfortheabilitytomaterialize.Inotherwords,eveninseeminglysimpleinheritedabilities,nurturehasaroletoplay.”

AndthenthereisthecasequotedbyVenter.Taketheexampleofcolon(结肠)cancer.Peoplesaythereisagenethatpredisposesustothedisease.Andcertainlyitrunsinfamilies.45.However,itisonlythecolonwherewefindallsortsoftoxinsandbacteriathatprovidetheharshcircumstancesthatfinallycausethatgenetobreakdownandforcancertospread.

Inshort,itisnotacoloncancergenebutagenethataffectsourabilitytorespondtotheenvironment.Andthatiswhathumannatureisallabout.

【答案】41.近十年来，有关基因发现的传闻漫天飞。这些发现称，基因与人的同性恋倾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、艺术鉴赏力等都息息相关。

42.遗传学家现在对生物决定论的攻击是及时的，而且人类的本性远比决定论者想象的更加复杂和迷人。

43.换句话说，如果发现缺少基因的数量可以用来证明基因不能够控制我们的行为，某些人便会利用基因决定论来洗刷他们谋杀和抢劫的罪名。

44.最近有一项关于音调辨别能力的研究，即判断音符绝对音高的能力。该研究结果明显表明完美音高是通过单纯基因遗传获得的。

45.但只有在结肠部位，才能够找到构成病变环境的各种毒素和细菌，它们会导致该基因最终损坏，致使癌细胞扩散。

21.单选题

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

问题2选项

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

问题3选项

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

问题4选项

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

问题5选项

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他们的志向是什么，几乎在所有事情上都会做得