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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大同师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Foryearsthetwinbrothershavebeen()watches,rings,anddiamondsintheneighboringcountries.

问题1选项

A.sheltering

B.smuggling

C.supervising

D.speculating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sheltering“保护,掩蔽”;B选项smuggling“走私”;C选项supervising“监督,管理,指导”;D选项speculating“投机,猜测”。句意:多年来,这对孪生兄弟一直在邻国走私手表、戒指和钻石。空格后提到的watches,rings,anddiamonds手表、戒指和钻石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品,还涉及了neighboringcountries邻国,B选项smuggling“走私”最恰当。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles(麻烦事)associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource(外包)andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition(完成)withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans(

).

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

).

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

问题2选项

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

问题3选项

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.

问题5选项

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。“weatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech(高科技的低谷)”,由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.(Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互联网继续培育的商务新品种的好例子)可推测“twokindsofsites(两类网站)”经受住了这次高科技的低谷,并生存了下来,因此A选项“危机中生存”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干的关键词thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中,由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.(第一种通常被称为“实体与虚拟结合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在线扩展。他们将现有的传统业务扩展到在线领域。第二种提供了一种独特的服务,这是由于互联网的特殊性而得以实现的)可知第一种卖产品,而第二种卖服务,因此A选项“第一种是销售商品,第二种是提供服务”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.(基础价格很高这是可以理解的,考虑到CafeP为初始投资所做的工作)可知C选项“为了吸引在线客户,它将利润降到最低”表示不正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词vice-president定位到文章倒数第二段中,由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit(越来越多的公司来找我们,他们想做某种商品销售,他们想向他们的用户提供一系列的产品,但他们不想做与之相关的麻烦事)可知C选项“那些想避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中,由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore(这个系统值得注意的是,开一家商店是多么简单)和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk(但是,使用,用户可以轻松地将想法在短时间内实现,而且没有财务风险)可知D选项“它为用户提供了快速将他们的想法付诸实践的安全性”符合题意。

3.翻译题

1.Newton

Newtonusedhisgreatskillinmathematicstoformabetterunderstandingoftheworldandtheuniverse.Heusedmethodshehadlearnedasaboyinmakingthings.Heexperimented.Thenhestudiedtheresultsandusedwhathehadlearnedtodesignnewexperiments.

Newton’sworkledhimtocreateanewtechniqueinmathematicsformeasuringareascurvedinshape.Healsousedittofindhowmuchmaterialwascontainedinsolidobjects.Thetechniquehecreatedbecameknownasintegralcalculus.

Oneday,sittinginthegarden,hewatchedanapplefallfromatree.HebegantowonderifthesameforcethatpulledtheappledownalsokeptthemooncirclingtheEarth.Newtonbelieveditwas.Andhebelieveditcouldbemeasured.

Hecalledtheforcegravity.Hebegantoexamineitcarefully.

Hedecidedthatthestrengthoftheforcekeepingaplanetinorbitaroundthesundependedontwothings.Onewastheamountofmassintheplanetandthesun.Theotherwashowfaraparttheywere.

Newtonwasabletofindtheexactrelationshipbetweendistanceandgravity.Hemultipliedthemassofonespacebodybythemassoftheothers.Thenhedividedthatnumberbythesquareoftheirdistanceapart.Theresultwasthestrengthofthegravityforcethattiedthemtoeachother.

2.Hubble’sLaw

Inthelate1920s,Hubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportantastronomicaldiscoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse.

EarlierobservationsaboutthemovementofgalaxieshadbeendonebyV.M.Silpher.HediscoveredthatgalaxiesaremovingawayfromEarthatspeedsbetweenthree-hundredkilometersasecondandone-thousandeight-hundredkilometersasecond.

HubbleunderstoodtheimportanceofSilpher’sfindings.Hedevelopedaplanformeasuringboththedistanceandspeedofasmanygalaxiesaspossible.WithhisassistantatMountWilson,MiltonHumason,Hubblemeasuredthemovementofgalaxies.ThetwomendidthisbystudyingwhatHubblecalledthe“redshit”.ItalsoisknownastheDopplereffect.

TheDopplereffectexplainschangesinthelengthoflightwavesorsoundwavesastheymovetowardyouorawayfromyou.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingawayfromyouwillstretchintolongerwavelengths.Theyappearred.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingtowardyouwillhaveshorterwavelengths.Theyappearblue.

Observationsofforty-sixgalaxiesshowedHubblethatthegalaxiesweretravelingawayfromEarth.Theobservationsalsoshowedthatspeedwaslinkeddirectlytothegalaxies’distancefromEarth.Hubblediscoveredthatthefartherawayagalaxyis,thegreateritsspeed.ThisscientificruleiscalledHubble’sLaw.

3.Dream

Menandwomeninancienttimesoftenbelievedthatspiritsvisitedthemintheirdreams.Thespiritsbroughtmessagesofhopeordanger.AncientAssyrians(亚述人),Egyptians,Greeks,and,Romansallturnedtodreamsforsupernaturalanswerstotheirquestions.Theybelieveddreamscouldshowthefuture,warnofevil,bringhappiness.Priests(僧侣)andmedicinemenstudieddreamstolearnthecauseandcureofsicknesses.Theybuilttemplesandmadesacrificessotheirgodswouldspeaktothemthroughdreams.

TheancientGreeks,specially,sawdreamsashiddenmessagesfromthegods.However,oneGreekphilosopher,Aristotle,didnot.Hebelievedthegodswouldspeakonlytoafewspecialpeople,noteveryone.Andeveryonehaddreams.Almosttwo-thousand-four-hundredyearsago,anotherGreek—Hippocrates—wroteaboutdreams.Hippocratesisconsideredthefatherofmedicine.Hippocratesbelieveddreamscouldbeusedastoolsforlearningthenatureofaperson’ssickness.Forexample,supposeapersondreamedaboutafruittreethatwouldnotgrow.Suchadream,Hippocratessaidcouldmeanthatthepersonhadadiseaseofthereproductivesystem(再生系统).

Somehistoriansthinkthedreamsofancientpeoplesledtothedevelopmentofreligion.Thisincludesthebeliefinthesurvivalofthespiritafterdeath.

【答案】1.牛顿

牛顿运用他在数学方面的高超技巧,对世界和宇宙有了更好的认识。他用小时候学到的方法做东西。他尝试。然后,他研究结果,并利用他所学到的设计新的实验。

牛顿的工作使他在数学中创造了一种测量曲面面积的新技术。他还用它来发现固体中含有多少物质。他创造的这项技术后来被称为积分学。

一天,他坐在花园里,看到一个苹果从树上掉下来。他开始想,把苹果拉下来的力量,是否也让月亮绕着地球转。牛顿认为是。他相信这是可以衡量的。

他称这种力为重力。他开始认真地调查。

他认为保持行星绕太阳轨道运行的力量取决于两个因素。一个是行星和太阳的质量。另一个是它们之间的距离。

牛顿能够找到距离和重力之间的精确关系。他用一个空间物体的质量乘以其他物体的质量。然后他把这个数字除以它们之间距离的平方。其结果是将它们相互绑在一起的重力的强度。

2.哈勃定律

在20世纪20年代末,哈勃研究了星系在太空中的运动。他的研究导致了20世纪最重要的天文发现——不断膨胀的宇宙。

关于星系运动的早期观察是由V.M.希尔弗做的。他发现星系正以每秒300公里到每秒1800公里的速度远离地球。

哈勃明白希尔弗发现的重要性。他制定了一个计划来测量尽可能多的星系的距离和速度。哈勃和他在威尔逊山的助手米尔顿•哈马森一起测量了星系的运动。这两个人是通过研究哈勃所说的“红色大便”来做到这一点的。这也被称为多普勒效应。

多普勒效应解释了光波或声波在向你移动或远离你时长度的变化。从加速远离你的物体发出的光波会延伸到更长的波长。出现红色。从一个物体向你飞来的光波的波长会更短。它们出现蓝色。

哈勃对46个星系的观察表明,这些星系正在远离地球。观测结果还表明,速度与星系离地球的距离直接相关。哈勃发现星系越远,其速度就越快。这一科学规律被称为哈勃定律。

3.梦想

古时候的男人和女人通常相信灵魂在他们的梦中拜访他们。灵魂带来了希望或危险的信息。古代亚述人、埃及人、希腊人和罗马人都从梦中寻求超自然的答案。他们相信梦可以显示未来,警告邪恶,带来幸福。牧师和药师研究梦来了解疾病的起因和治疗方法。他们建造庙宇,献祭,让他们的神通过梦境与他们对话。

尤其是古希腊人,把梦看作是来自神的隐藏信息。然而,一位希腊哲学家亚里士多德却不认为。他相信神只会对少数特殊的人说话,而不是所有人。每个人都有梦想。大约2400年前,另一位希腊人希波克拉底写过关于梦的文章。希波克拉底被认为是医学之父。希波克拉底认为梦可以被用作了解一个人疾病本质的工具。例如,假设一个人梦到一棵不长的果树。希波克拉底说,这样的梦可能意味着这个人患有生殖系统疾病。

一些历史学家认为古代人民的梦想导致了宗教的发展。这包括对人死后灵魂依然存在的信仰。

4.单选题

ThekeywordsFranciswroteonthebackofanoldletter,“TheStarSpangledBanner''becamethenational()oftheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.song

B.hymn

C.anthem

D.motto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:弗朗西斯在一封旧信的背面写下的关键词“星条旗之歌”后来成为了美国的国歌。

考查名词辨析。song歌曲;hymn赞美诗;anthem圣歌,颂歌;motto座右铭。四个选项中,A符合句意。

5.单选题

TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionsto()ortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.discreet

C.discord

D.disgorge

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格后的or代表并列关系,因此选项应与rootout动词词性相符合。discard“抛弃,丢弃”;discreet“谨慎的”,没有动词用法;discord“不一致”;disgorge“吐出,被迫交出”。句意:除了君主政体,美国革命没有中世纪的法律制度可以废除或……。因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Bysigningtheleasewemadea(

)topayarentof$200aweek.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项conception“概念,设想”;B选项commission“委员会;佣金”;C选项commitment“承诺,保证”;D选项confinement“限制,监禁”。句意:通过签订租约,我们承诺每周支付200美元的租金。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Allthewindowsofthefactorywereshatteredbytheterribleexplosion.

问题1选项

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.crashed

D.splintered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项smashed“打碎”,指突然而猛烈地重击某物,使之破碎或完全变形;B选项crushed“压碎”,指用力把东西压破或变形;C选项crashed“碰撞”,指摔坏,坠毁;D选项splintered“分裂”,指物品裂开。句意:工厂的所有窗户都被可怕的爆炸震碎了。划线部分shattered是打碎的意思。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Manyyoungpeopleinvolvedinforcedmarriageshavetofacea(),thatis,theylovetheirparentsbuttheyalsowanttopursuetruelove.

问题1选项

A.dilemma

B.confrontation

C.doctrine

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dilemma“进退两难”,B选项confrontation“争执,对抗”,C选项doctrine“教义,学说,信条”,D选项conflict“争执,分歧”,句意:许多卷入逼婚的年轻人不得不面对一个两难的境地,即他们爱父母,但也想追求真爱。因此,A选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Everyoneistryingto()howthefirestarted.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.makeout

C.turnout

D.clearout

【答案】B

【解析】figureout"计算岀;估计";makeout"理解;辨认岀";turnout"生产,结果是";clearout"清除,扫出"。根据句意:每个人都想弄明白火是如何开始的。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Militaryordersare()andcannotbedisobeyed.

问题1选项

A.detective

B.conservative

C.alternative

D.imperative

【答案】D

【解析】detective侦探的;conservative保守的;alternative可选择的;imperative命令的,势在必行的。根据句意可知,这里指军事命令是必须执行的,不得不遵守。选项D符合语境。

11.单选题

Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,5000,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.

Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountryfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkable,BobbyKenned-likepilgrimagethroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketsinitiative.”

Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodemlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMae.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandlong-term;education,developmentofworkskills,shiftsinthelabormarket,adjustmentsinwelfarereform.

ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftoutIt’ssimpleinvisibility,becauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.

1.Inthispassage,thewordstraitenedmeans().

2.Inthispassage,thewordflushmeans().

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat().

4.Whichstatementfromthepassageisanopinion?

5.Afterreadingthispassage,youcanconcludethat().

6.Theauthorstatesthatoneimportantreasonthatwedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyisthat().

问题1选项

A.difficult

B.wealthy

C.past

D.distant

问题2选项

A.poor

B.angry

C.rich

D.hardworking

问题3选项

A.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth

B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy

C.Inthepastweweremoreawareofthepoorthanwearetoday.

D.Inthepastthereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.

问题4选项

A.Anotherforcehasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.

B.Clinton’stourwascalleda“newmarketsinitiative.”

C.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades.

D.Eightyearsago,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,5000,andyearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollars.

问题5选项

A.therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged

B.thegoodeconomywillsoonend

C.povertywillbeobliteratedasaresultofincreasedwealth

D.allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions

问题6选项

A.nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.

B.povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast

C.noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom

D.thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:B

【解析】1.词汇题。根据原文可知,“inthatmorestraitenedtime”指的是上文提到的Clinton竞选总统时期,道琼斯指数不到3.5万点,每年的政府预算赤字预计将一直处于数千亿美元,甚至更高,没有人谈论“永久繁荣”或“新经济”。由此可以推断,这个时期是贫穷的,困难的,所以选项A正确。

2.词汇题。根据第二段第一句,但令人吃惊的是,相对于八年前国家经济不稳定的时候,现在人们谈论贫困话题的次数越来越少,同样地,在以前国家富裕的时候,人们谈论的次数也少。由此可知,“flush”指的是“rich”,选项C正确。

3.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句,以前,只要我们有钱了,就会讨论贫困问题。现在为什么不了?为什么当前的贫富政治似乎只与财富有关?再根据第二段第一句,但令人吃惊的是,相对于八年前国家经济不稳定的时候,现在人们谈论贫困话题的次数越来越少,同样地,在以前国家富裕的时候,人们谈论的次数也少。由此可知,本文的主旨是:过去人们比现在更加关注贫困问题。选项C正确。

4.推理判断题。以下哪一项表达的是观点。根据最后一段第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.”但我认为,还有另一股力量使这个时代成为一个几乎看不到穷人的富裕时代。由此可知,这是作者的观点,其他选项均为原文中的事实而不是观点。所以本题选A。

5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知,本文提到现在的人们不像过去那样关注贫困问题。而产生这种情况的原因是由于经济增长,贫富之间的差距缩小了,也就是说,贫穷和富裕之间的关系发生了改变,所以选项A符合原文;选项C中贫困并没有被消除,所以表述不正确。

6.细节事实题。根据第三段的一二句“Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.”目前的情况在一定程度上是一种合乎逻辑的、政策驱动的反应。贫困确实比过去几十年都要低,尤其是对少数群体而言。由此可知,选项B符合原文。

12.单选题

Foramomenthewasspeechless,stilltooastonishedto(

)whatitallmeant,andthenhesatheavilyandleanedforward,puttinghishanddownonthesummonsbutton.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.searchfor

C.takein

D.seeafter

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。breakdown“分解,故障”;searchfor“搜寻”;takein“吸收,领会”;seeafter“照顾,照料”。句意为:他一时说不出话来,仍十分惊讶,不知这一切意味着什么。他心事重重地坐了下来,身子向前倾斜,将手放在传唤按钮上。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

()thatitmightbeeasiertoprepareabettermapofthemoonthanoftheearth.

问题1选项

A.Tosay

B.Theysay

C.Thesaying

D.Itissaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主语从句。it+be+形容词、名词或者过去分词+从句,it指代的具体内容是从句。A,C选项代入题干不能构成一个完整的句子;B选项they的内容指代不明,因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Herpanicwastransient,andceasedwhenshebegantospeak.

问题1选项

A.beyonddescription

B.unnoticed

C.passingquickly

D.vague

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。transient“短暂的;路过的”;A选项beyonddescription“无法形容,难以形容”;B选项unnoticed“被忽视的;不引人注意的;未被注意的”;C选项passingquickly“飞逝的”;D选项vague“模糊的;含糊的”。句意:她的惊慌是暂时的,一开口就停止了。由题干中的“ceasedwhenshebegantospeak一开口就停止了”可推知transient在这里有“短暂的”的意思,因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Theyhadtoeata(n)(

)meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.

问题1选项

A.temporary

B.hasty

C.immediate

D.urgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。temporary“暂时的,临时的”;hasty“匆忙的,轻率的”;immediate“立即的,直接的”;urgent“紧急的,急迫的”。

句意:他们只能急匆匆地吃了饭,不然音乐会他们就会迟到了。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Therearelawstospecifytheperson(s)whowillobtainadeadperson's()ifnowillexists.

问题1选项

A.heritage

B.fame

C.estate

D.prestige

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。heritage遗产;fame名声;estate房地产,财产;prestige威望。句意:法律规定,如果没有遗嘱,谁将获得死者的遗产。选项C符合句意。

17.翻译题

新的一年才刚刚开始,你就发现很难坚持“告别垃圾食品、远离沙发、戒烟”这些新年决心了吧?我们很难改掉坏习惯是由于生物学的原因——这些坏习惯根植于我们的大脑中。

1.这并不是让人放弃新年决心的借口。了解不健康的习惯怎样变得根深蒂固可以启发科学家研究出一些让好习惯代替坏习惯的“技巧”。

诺拉•沃尔科夫博士说:“为什么坏习惯更加顽固?因为它能带来即时的犒赏,而这种即时犒赏的力量很强大。”

那么这一点快乐的感觉是怎样转化为一种习惯的呢?这与一种感知快乐的化学物质多巴胺有关。多巴胺使大脑不断期望得到这种犒赏,从而不断加强快乐感与这种行为之间的联系,特别是当它能从周围环境中得到正确的暗示时。

2.

一项“为行为变化买单”的运动可能会对这种联系加以利用,在这项运动中,一些公司给雇员提供“即时报酬”或是“保险回扣”,以激励他们形成更好的习惯。不管这项运动结果如何,研究人员说我们的确可以采取某些行为来对抗坏习惯对大脑的吸引力。

3.那就是,重复,重复,再重复你的新行为,使之成为每天固定时间的例行活动。下决心锻炼?那就每天早上固定时间锻炼,而不要随意找时间,这样会使大脑最终接受这个新习惯。神经学家沃尔科夫也是一个热爱跑步的人,他说:“如果你哪天没锻炼,便会感觉很糟糕。”

运动本身能提升多巴胺的水平,这样尽管运动结束后你的肌肉感觉酸痛,但是你的大脑还是会感觉良好。

【答案】1.That’snotanexcusetogiveup.Understandinghowunhealthybehaviorsbecomeingrainedcanenlightenscientistsonlearningsometricksthatmayhelpusreplacethebadhabitswiththegoodones.

2.Amovementtopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmayexploitthatconnection,assomecompaniesofferemployeesoutrightpaymentsorinsurancerebatesforadoptingbetterhabits.

3.Repeat,repeat,repeatthenewbehavior—thesameroutineatthesametimeofday.Resolvedtoexercise?Doingitatthesametimeofthemorning,ratherthanfittingitinhaphazardly,willmakethecerebrumrecognizethehabitsoeventually.

18.单选题

Duringtheirfistteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe

)oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation“观察,监视”;investigation“调查”;inspection“视察,检查”;examination“考试”。句意:这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候,经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

Otherfactors(

)tothedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationareadvancedscientifictechnologiesandbettertransportationsystem.

问题1选项

A.causing

B.giving

C.contributing

D.resulting

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。cause“成为…的原因,导致”;give“提供,给予”;contribute“贡献,出力,通常和介词to连用”;result“导致,发生”;根据空格后的介词to和句意‘(

)经济全球化发展的其他因素是先进的科学技术和更好的运输系统。’确定C选项正确。

20.单选题

Thenewradiodirection-findingdevicecould()atransmissionwitharemarkablespeed.

问题1选项

A.carryoff

B.bendto

C.shrugoff

D.latchonto

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨祈题。carryoff携带,成功地处理;bendto屈从于;shrugoff摆脱,不屑理睬;latchonto锁上。句意:这种新的无线电测向装置能以惊人的速度进行传输。选项A符合句意。

21.单选题

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor()acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

问题1选项

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。blatant“喧嚣的,炫耀的”;surreptitious“秘密的”;suspicious“可疑的”;conspicuous“显而易见的”。句意:毫无疑问,不诚实或秘密获取的信息通常是压倒性的证据,表明这种信息是机密的,不属于辩护人员技能和知识的一部分。选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

Thelifestoryofthehumanspeciesgoesbackamillionyears,andthereisnodoubtthatmancameonlyrecentlytothewesternhemisphere.Noneofthethousandsofsitesofaboriginalhabitationuncoveredin-WorthandSouthAmericahasantiquitycomparabletothatofoldWorldsites.Man'soccupationoftheNewWorldmaydateseveraltensofthousandsofyears,butnoonerationallyarguesthathehasbeenhereeven100,000years.

SpeculationastohowmanfoundhiswaytoAmericawaslivelyattheoutset,andtheproposedroutesboxedthecompass.Withoneortwonotableexceptions,however,studentsofAmericananthropologysoonsettledfortheplausibleideathatthefirstimmigrantscamebywayofalandbridgethathadconnectedthenortheastcomerofAsiatothenorthwestcomerofNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringStrait)Marinerswereabletosupplythereassuringinformationthatthestraitisnotonlynarrowitis56mileswide-butalsoshallow,aloweringofthesealevelthereby100feetorsowouldtransformthestraitintoanisthmus(地峡).WithlittleeelsinthewayofevidencetosustaintheBeringStraitlandbridge,anthropologistsembracedtheideathatmanwalkeddry-hoedfromAsiatoAmerica.

Towardtheendofthy/lastcentury,however,itbecameapparentthattheWesternHemispherewastheNewWorldnotonlyformanbutalsoforahostofanimalsandplants.ZoologistsandbotanistsshowedthatnumeroussubjectsoftheirrespectivekingdomsmusthaveoriginatedinAsiaandspreadtoAmerica.Thesefindingswereneitherastonishingnorwhollyunexpected.Suchspreadofpopulationsisnottobeenvisionedasanexodusormassmigration,eveninthecaseofanimals.Itis,rather,aspillingintonewterritorythataccompaniesincreaseinnumbers,withmovementinthedirectionofleastpopulationpressureandmostfavorableecologicalconditions.Buttheimmensetrafficinplantandanimal’sformsplacedaheavyburdenontheBeringStraitlandbridgeastheanthropologistsaheadenvisionedit.Whereaspurposefulmencouldmaketheirwayacrossanarrowbridge,theslowdiffusionofplantandanimalswouldrequireanavenueasacontinentandavailableforagesatastretch.

1.ThemovementofplantsandanimalsfromAsiatoAmericaindicates().

2.Theauthorisrefutingthenotionthat().

3.Byusingthewords“boxedthecompass”(inLine7)theauthorimpliesthat().

4.Onereasonforthemigrationnotmentionedbytheauthoris().

5.Wemayassumethatintileparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorarguesabout().

问题1选项

A.thattheycouldnothavetraveledacrosstheBeringStrait

B.thatAsiaandtheWesternhemispherewereconnectedbyalargelandmass

C.thattheBeringSeawasanisthmusatonetime

D.thatmigrationwasintheonedirectiononly

问题2选项

A.lifearoseinAmericaindependentlyoflifeinEurope

B.thefirstsettlersinAmericacameduringthesixteenthcentury

C.alargecontinentonceexistedwhichhasdisappeared

D.manwasahosttoanimalsandplants

问题3选项

A.themigrationofmankindwasfromWesttoEast

B.themigrationofmankindwasfromEasttoWest

C.mankindtraveledinalldirections

D.mankindwalkedfromAsiatoAmerica

问题4选项

A.overcrowding

B.favorableenvironmentalconditions

C.famine

D.theexistenceofalandbridge

问题5选项

A.thecontributionsofanthropologist

B.thecontributionsofzoologistsandbotanists

C.thecontributionsmadebytheAmericanIndians

D.theexistenceofalargelandmassbetweenAsiaandNorthAmerica

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段,“thefirstimmigrantscamebywayofalandbridgethathadconnectedthenortheastcomerofAsiatothenorthwestcomerofNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringStrait.Marinerswereabletosupplythereassuringinformationthatthestraitisnotonlynarrowitis56mileswide-butalsoshallow,aloweringofthesealevelthereby100feetorsowouldtransformthestraitintoanisthmus(地峡).”,可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接

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