考研考博-英语-四川邮电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川邮电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThegeologyoftheEarth'ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.

Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentofcontinentalerosion:rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewatertricklesdowntoformbrooks,streams,andrivers,constitutingwhatiscalledthehydrographicnetwork.Thisimmensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglereceptacle:anocean.Gravitydominatesthisentirestepinthecyclebecausewatertendstominimizeitspotentialenergybyrunningfromhighaltitudestowardthereferencepointthatissealevel.

Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisameasureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs.Ifwedefineresidencetimeastheaveragetimeforawatermoleculetopassthroughoneofthethreereservoirs—atmosphere,continent,andocean—weseethatthetimesareverydifferent.Awatermoleculestays,onanaverage,elevendaysintheatmosphere,onehundredyearsonacontinentandfortythousandyearsintheocean.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceoftheoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwatertransportonthecontinents.

Avastchemicalseparationprocesstakesplaceduringtheflowofwateroverthecontinents.Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumaredissolvedandtransported.Insolubleionssuchasaluminum,iron,andsiliconstaywheretheyareandformthethin,fertileskinofsoilonwhichvegetationcangrow.Sometimessoilsaredestroyedandtransportedmechanicallyduringflooding.Theerosionofthecontinentsthusresultsfromtwocloselylinkedandinterdependentprocesses,chemicalerosionandmechanicalerosion.Theirrespectiveinteractionsandefficiencydependondifferentfactors.

1.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater（）?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthe"hydrographicnetwork"isto（）.

3.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?

4.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT（）.

5.Theword"efficiency"inlastsentencesisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.precipitatingontotheground

B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstate

C.evaporatingfromtheoceans

D.beingcarriedbywind

问题2选项

A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwater

B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyflooding

C.movewaterfromtheEarth'ssurfacetotheoceans

D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandrivers

问题3选项

A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.

B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.

C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.

D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas.

问题4选项

A.magnesium

B.iron

C.potassium

D.calcium

问题5选项

A.relationship

B.growth

C.influence

D.effectiveness

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句"Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds"从海洋蒸发出的水蒸气形成了云。选项C正确。

第2题:事实细节题。根据关键词“hydrographicnetwork”定位到第二段"Thisimmensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglereceptacle:anocean."其中channel在这里做动词，是传输的意思。所以选项C与原文表述一致。

第3题:事实细节题。根据第三段的第一句"Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisameasureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs."水分子的循环率不是随机的，而是对各种储层相对大小的一种度量。选项D符合原文。

第4题:事实细节题。根据关键词“solubleions”定位到最后一段的第二句"Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumaredissolvedandtransported."选项中只有选项B未提及。

第5题:词义推断题。根据最后一句可知，efficiency应该和前面的interactions（相互作用）意思相近。首先排除选项A和B，选项D与efficiency词根相同，意思更相近。

2.单选题

Ajournalist’sfriendwhohasbeenlivinginNewYorkformanyyearswritesacolumnforaChinesenewspaperinHongKongonculturalsubjects,andChineseandWesterntraditions,recentlytouchedonthequestion:whytranslationsofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdonotsellwellabroad?

Quotingamainlandsource,DongDingshanrevealedthatinFrance,whichprobablyhasthefinesttastesforartandcultureintheworld,only10copiesoftranslatedworksbyLuXunandBaJinweresoldin1994.

ThepoorsalesareareminderthatcontemporaryChineseliteraturehasyettosecureaplaceontheworldstageascommensuratewithitsachievements.

OneexplanationisthatwhilemanyChineseauthorsnowadaystakegreatprideinhavingtheirworkstranslatedintoforeignlanguages,fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries.Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders.Thetwoareinterrelatedbutbothshowalackofunderstandingoftheforeignreadership.

However,whatseemstobethegreatestdifficultytoDongonthetranslationofliteraryworksforforeignconsumptionisrenderingthedistinctlydifferentstylesofChineseprosewriting.WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders.Especiallyinthecaseofnewswriting,clarityissupremeanduselesswordsonlydistractfromastory’sreadability.

Inviewofthis,translationoflyricalworksisoftenathanklessjob.Dongbelievesessaysandprosestandamuchbetterchanceofsuccess.Asfornovels,successdependsonwhetherforeignreaderscanfollowthestorieswhicharedevelopedincircumstanceswithwhichtheyareentirelyunfamiliar.

ItisseldomrealizedthatsuccessfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator.WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish,notjustcorrectsentences.

TheChinesetranslatorwhoreliesonadictionaryeverystepofthewayisunlikelytoproducetranslationsthatcaninterestreaders,Dongbelieves.

ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish,asdidProfessorJeffreyKinkleywhorecentlytranslatedImperfectParadisebythecontemporaryChinesewriterShenCongwen.Kindlytooknoteintheprefaceofhistranslationthatword-for-wordtranslationonlyhurtstheoriginal-acredoheardoftenenoughamongtranslationcirclesinChinabutwhichismucheasiersaidthandone.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.DongDingshan’sattitudetowardcontemporaryChineseliteraturetranslationcanbebestsummarizedas

（

）.

3.Translationofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdon’tsellwellabroadmainlybecause

（

）.

4.AccordingtoDongDingshan,whatisthedifferenceinprosewritingbetweenChineseandforeigners?

5.AllthefollowingcanimpliedfromthepassageEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.translationoflyricalworks

B.impropertranslation

C.understandingoftheforeignreadership

D.achievementsofChineseliteraturetranslation

问题2选项

A.unsatisfactory

B.cheerful

C.hopeful

D.indifferent

问题3选项

A.translatednovelsdonotmeetforeignreaders’tasteandinterest

B.novelsbeingtranslatedarebestonesbyfamouswriters

C.mosttranslatedworkshavedistortedtheoriginals

D.foreignreaders’tastehavechangedalot

问题4选项

A.Chineseproseistoopolitical

B.TherearemoreadjectivesanddecorativewordsinChineseprose

C.Therearemorephilosophicalideasinforeignprose

D.Foreignproseisverypersonal

问题5选项

A.AgoodtranslationofChinesenovelistheco-creationoftheauthorandtranslator

B.AnexcellenttranslatorshouldhaveagoodcommandofChineseandforeignlanguagewritingskills

C.DongDingshanbelievesthatChinesetranslatorcandobetterjobintranslatingChinesenovelsintoEnglish

D.Word-for-wordtranslationmayhurttheoriginal

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察文章大意。文章第一段提出“中国的作品翻译成外国文字后出售不多”这种现象。接下来作者提出了造成这种现象的原因：一是中国作家并没有考虑自己的作品能否被外国人理解（fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries）；二是中国译者选择翻译的作品都是通过自己的主观判断，而没有考虑受众的口味（theirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。接着作者就不同体裁的翻译来说明了不合适的译文是导致外国读者看不懂内容。选项B符合题意。

2.考察作者的观点态度。作者在文章提到之所以中国的作品在国外不畅销，原因就是没有适合的译本，因此可以判断出作者对当下的这些译本是不满意的。选项A符合题意。

3.考察细节事实问题。文章第四段提到中国作品在国外不受欢迎的原因之一是译者选择作品时是根据主观的判断，而没有考虑国外读者的口味（Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。选项A符合题意。

4.考察细节事实问题。文章第五段WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders提到中国作家喜欢堆砌一些形容词和修饰词，这些词对于外国读者来说是没有意义甚至会干扰他们阅读，选项B符合题意。

5.考察推理判断问题。根据文章倒数第三段successfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator可排除选项A；根据文章倒数第三段第二句WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish可排除选项B；根据文章倒数第一段第一句话ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish可知选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Jackneedsstraighteningout;hehasbeen_____thewholefemalepopulationofhisclass.

问题1选项

A.standingupto

B.owningupto

C.messingaroundwith

D.makingupfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。standupto“经得起，抵抗”；ownupto“承认错误”；messaroundwith“胡闹，玩弄”；makeupfor“补偿，弥补”。句意：杰克需要改正错误，因为他一直和班上女生打闹。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

问题1选项

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项tour“旅行，旅游”，B项travel“长途旅行”，C项visit“访问，逗留”，D项trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（赛跑等）赛程”。根据关键词earth（地球）和aroundthesun（围绕太阳）可推测，空格处表示“旅程”，而根据语境，四个选项中能够与make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每绕太阳一周需要一年的时间。因此，该题D项正确。

5.单选题

IhavedevotedfourweekendstowritingpapersandnowIfeelI（）arest.

问题1选项

A.deserve

B.preserve

C.conceive

D.receive 

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。deserve“应受，应得，值得”；preserve“保存，保护”；conceive“怀孕，构思”；receive“接受”。句意：我花了四周时间写论文，现在我觉得我值得休息一下了。A项符合题意。

6.单选题

ItisaquestionthathasvexedphilosopherssincetheGreeks.Butitseemswemaynowhavetheanswertothebeguilinglysimplequestion:“Whichcamefirst?”It’stheegg.

Thisreassuringconclusionwastheworkofanexpertpanel（1）aphilosopher,geneticistandchickenfarmer.

“Whetherchickeneggs（2）chickenshingesonthenatureofchickeneggs,”saidpanelmemberandphilosopherofscienceDavidPapineauatKing’sCollegeLondon.

“Iwould（3）it’sachickeneggifithasachickeninit.Ifakangaroolaidanegg（4）whichanostrichhatched,thatwouldsurelybeanostrichegg,notakangarooegg.Bythisreasoning,thefirstchickendidindeedcomefromachickenegg,（5）thateggdidn’tcomefromchickens.”

Theoldestrecorded（6）tothechildishconundrumgoes（7）toacollectionofessaysanddiscussionsbytheGreekhistorianMestriusPlutarchus,bornin46AD.Inasection（8）“WhethertheHenortheEggCameFirst”,hesuggestedthatthequestionwasalreadywell（9）:“Theproblemabouttheeggandthehen,whichofthemcamefirst,wasdraggedintoourtalk,adifficultproblemwhichgivesinvestigatorsmuchtrouble.”

Plutarchusalso（10）atthepuzzle’sgreatersignificance:“Sullamycomradesaidthatwithasmallproblem,aswithatool,wewererockinglooseagreatandheavyone,thatofthe（11）oftheworld.”

Whetherthepanel（12）thatdebateisnotclear,buttheywere（13）onthecorrectchicken/eggpeckingorder.JohnBrookfield,anevolutionarygeneticistattheUniversityofNottinghamsaidthe（14）involvespiecingtogetherthespeciationeventinwhichchickensfirst（15）.

Heimaginestwonon-chickenparentsgettingtogetherandgiving（16）tothefirstindividualofanew（17）becauseofageneticmutation.“Thefirstchickenmusthavedifferedfromits（18）bysomegeneticchange,perhapsavery（19）one,butonewhichcausedthisbirdtobethefirsteverto（20）ourcriteriafortrulybeingachicken,”saidProfessorBrookfield.

“ThusthelivingorganisminsidetheeggshellwouldhavehadthesameDNAasthechickenthatitwoulddevelopinto,andthuswoulditselfbeamemberofthespeciesofchicken,”headded.

问题1选项

A.including

B.depicting

C.debriefing

D.inspiring

问题2选项

A.proceeded

B.preceded

C.preferred

D.procured

问题3选项

A.explain

B.protest

C.argue

D.suspect

问题4选项

A.at

B.over

C.to

D.from

问题5选项

A.exceptthat

B.incase

C.sothat

D.eventhough

问题6选项

A.conference

B.deference

C.reference

D.inference

问题7选项

A.away

B.back

C.forth

D.astray

问题8选项

A.entitled

B.knighted

C.documented

D.granted

问题9选项

A.established

B.questioned

C.forced

D.grounded

问题10选项

A.cued

B.hinted

C.pronounced

D.pointed

问题11选项

A.invention

B.innovation

C.creation

D.revolution

问题12选项

A.obscured

B.arranged

C.resettled

D.solved

问题13选项

A.disunited

B.unsteady

C.disagreeable

D.unanimous

问题14选项

A.salutation

B.resolution

C.solution

D.renovation

问题15选项

A.drifted

B.evolved

C.perched

D.dwelled

问题16选项

A.rise

B.clue

C.permission

D.way

问题17选项

A.species

B.flock

C.population

D.statistics

问题18选项

A.eggs

B.parents

C.individuals

D.groups

问题19选项

A.arbitrary

B.radical

C.subtle

D.negligible

问题20选项

A.produce

B.furnish

C.change

D.fulfill

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:C

第12题:D

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】第1题:（1）根据下文可推测，填空处前后为包含关系，所以选项A正确。

（2）根据句意：鸡蛋是否在鸡之前存在取决于鸡蛋的本质。在...之前用precede，所以选项B正确。proceed开始，继续行进；prefer更喜欢；procure获得。

（3）根据句意可知，填空处后面为某人的观点，而且与上一段的观点不一致，所以选项C符合语境。

（4）根据句意：如果袋鼠下的蛋孵化出鸵鸟，那肯定是鸵鸟蛋，而不是袋鼠蛋。from在这里表示鸵鸟由袋鼠下的蛋孵化而来。所以选项D正确。

（5）句意：根据这个推理,第一只小鸡的确来自鸡蛋，尽管这个蛋不是由鸡下的。eventhough表转折，符合原文语境。选项D正确。

（6）referenceto表示关于，提及，涉及。这里指：关于这个幼稚的难题。

（7）gobackto为固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。选项B正确。

（8）句意：在一个标题为《是先有母鸡还是先有鸡蛋》的章节中。entitle标题为……，称做...；knighted授予爵位；documented用文件证明；granted保证，担保。选项A符合句意。

（9）句意：他暗示这个问题已经很好地确立了。选项A符合原文语境。

（10）cued暗示，给出线索；hinted暗示，示意，后面一般接that从句；pronounced宣告；pointed指出，一般与out搭配。句意：Plutarchus也暗示了这个难解之谜更大的意义。选项A正确。

（11）根据上一句提到的利用工具可推测，这里指创造和改变世界。选项C符合原文语境。

（12）根据句意：专家组是否解决了这一争议尚不清楚。选项中只有D选项符合句意。

（13）根据but可知前后形成转折，上一句提到争议是否解决尚不清楚，但是他们在鸡和蛋的正确顺序上达成了一致。选项D与其他选项意义相反，符合原文句意,所以正确。

（14）句意：诺丁汉大学的进化遗传学家JohnBrookfield说，解决办法是...。选项中只有选项C与原文相关,符合原文语境。

（15）根据上文可知,JohnBrookfield是一名进化遗传学教授，由此可以推测,这里指evolved。选项B正确。

（16）giveriseto为固定搭配，意为“使发生,引起”。

（17）根据下文“geneticmutation”基因突变可推测，产生的是一个新的物种。所以选项A符合原文语境。

（18）句意:第一只鸡肯定和它的父母相比有一些基因变化。选项B符合原文句意。

（19）arbitrary任意的，武断的；radical根本的，彻底的；subtle微妙的；negligible微不足道的。根据原文语境可知，这里指微妙的变化。

（20）fulfillcriteria指满足条件，符合标准。句意：但正是这种变化使这只鸡成为有史以来第一只符合我们标准的真正的鸡。选项D符合原文句意。

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7.翻译题

Infact,therobotsthataredoingthemostforyouandme—theindustrialrobots—don’tevenhaveahead.Atinymicroprocessorcapableoffittingonasiliconchipthesizeofapeamakesuppartoftherobot’s“brain”.Severalofthesesiliconchipsareplacedontwoorthreeprintedcircuitboardstoprovidetheinputandmemorybankfunctions.Whenpluggedintoanelectricaloutlet,thisassemblyofmicroprocessors,muchlikethehumanbrain,transmitselectricalimpulsesalongpathwayswhichrunfromthecomputeritselfdowntherobot’sarmandintoitshand.Inhumans,thesepathwaysarethenervefibers;inrobots,theyareelectricalcables.

【答案】【参考译文】事实上，那些对人类贡献最大的机器人——工业机器人——甚至连头都没有。一个能装在豌豆大小的硅芯片上的微型处理器，构成了机器人“大脑的一部分”。几块这样的芯片被放置在两到三块印刷电路板上，提供输入和记忆库的功能。当插入电源插座时，这组微型处理器就像人类的大脑一样，将电脉冲从计算机本身传递到机器人的手臂，再传递到它的手。对人类来说，这些路径是神经纤维，而对机器人来说，它们就是电缆。

8.单选题

ItwascourageousenoughforGalileoto______thefallingobjecttheorydevelopedbyAristotle,theauthoritativeGreekscientist.

问题1选项

A.advance

B.defy

C.justify

D.translate

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advance“（常指为攻击而）前进；（尤指知识）发展”；B选项defy“违抗；向……挑战”；C选项justify“证明……有理”；D选项translate“翻译；转化”。句意：伽利略有足够的勇气______由权威的希腊科学家亚里斯多德提出的落体理论。根据语境，这里指伽利略为了科学的发展而质疑落体理论，B选项defy“违抗；向……挑战”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Theessentialproblemofmaninacomputerizedageremainsthesameasithasalwaysbeen.Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare,toidentifytheirrealproblems,torespondmorefullytobeauty,toplaceadequatevalueonlife,andtomaketheirworldsaferthanitnowis.

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.Buttheycan'teliminatethefoolishnessanddecaythatcomefromtheunexaminedlife.Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto——therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.

Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.Unobstructedaccesstofactscanproduceunlimitedgoodonlyifitismatchedbythedesireandabilitytofindoutwhattheymeanandwheretheywouldlead.

Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended.Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact.Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.

Totheextent,then,thatmanfailstomakethedistinctionbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecisionandconscience,thecomputercouldproveadigression.Itcouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimself.Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers."Ifwebeginwithcertainties,"Baconsaid,weshallendindoubts,butifwebeginwithdoubts,andwearepatientwiththem,weshallendincertainties.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheauthorwouldbelesscriticalofthecomputerif（

）.

2.Inacomputerizedage,whichoneofthefollowingshouldbegivenpriorityto?

3.Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended"(Paragraph4),theauthoraimsto

（

）.

4.Theauthorregardscomputeras（

）.

问题1选项

A.itcanbetterimprovehumanproficiency

B.itcanbreaktheboundaryofthepracticalandtheoreticalintelligence

C.itcanbemorecreative

D.itcanmakepeoplemorealerttorealproblemsinhumansociety

问题2选项

A.Wisdom.

B.Intelligence.

C.Data.

D.Fact.

问题3选项

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusingpeople'sjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneedtobeconnected

问题4选项

A.asubstituteforhumanintelligence

B.ameanstohelppeoplereachconcreteanswers

C.somethingthatcaninspirepeopletoaskfundamentalquestions

D.somethingthatisofsubsidiaryfunction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第一段中“Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.问题不只是如何更有效率、更舒适、更满足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力。”以及第二段中“Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto—therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.它们也不能将一个人与之必须要联系的事情联系起来——即一些现实问题，比如他人痛苦；自身创造性成长的可能性；种族的记忆；以及下一代的权利。可知作者提出了计算机目前不能解决人类生活中的现实问题。故D项“如果计算机能够更敏感地捕捉人类社会存在的真实问题，那么作者会少些批判”正确。由“Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.计算机使人类熟练程度的显著飞跃成为可能；它打破了实践智能甚至理论智能的藩篱。”可知AB两项内容，计算机已经可以做到了。C项在文中未提及。答案D

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段中“Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom在计算机时代，这些问题之所以重要，是因为可能有一种将数据误认为是智慧的倾向”可反推在计算机时代，最重要的不是数据，而是智慧。故A项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由第四段中“Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.它们太容易被认为是经过评估的事实，而不是迫切需要加工成具有逻辑的最原始的材料。”以及“Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.计算机可以提供一个正确的数字，但在做出判断之前，它可能是一个不相关的数字。”可知电脑的数据不一定正确，需要人们去判断。答案C

第4题:推理判断题。由第二段中“Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.电脑能减少重要研究中的许多死胡同。”可知计算机只是起到辅助作用。由最后一段“Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.这可能会造成一种错觉，让人们觉得他问的是基本问题，而实际上他问的只是功能性问题。让人们觉得它可以被看作是智力的替代品，而不是智力的延伸。它可能会使人们对具体的答案产生过分的信心。可知ABC三项不正确。答案D

10.单选题

Marysatatthetable,lookedattheplateand（

）herlips.

问题1选项

A.smacked

B.opened

C.parted

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。句意:玛丽坐在桌旁，盯着盘子里的美食垂涎三尺。

Smackone’slips“舔（或砸）嘴唇（表示赞赏、满意或垂涎）；发谗”。

11.单选题

Myuncleisquitewormoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnolongertheman（

）hewasfifteenyearsago.

问题1选项

A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词theman表示人，不能用which，关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that引导。

句意：我叔叔经过多年的艰苦工作，累得精疲力竭。他不再是十五年前的那个人了。

12.单选题

Makingthepubliclibraryhersecondhome,Justineismorethanacasualbookworm;sheisa(an)_____younglady.

问题1选项

A.erudite

B.acumen

C.perspicacious

D.prudent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项“博学的；有学问的”，B项“精明；敏锐”，C项“敏锐的；有洞察力的”，D项“谨慎的”。根据句意：使公共图书馆成为她的第二个家，贾斯汀不仅仅是一个随意的书虫，她是一个的女士。故A项符合。

13.单选题

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein（

）.

2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom（

）.

3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto（

）.

4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake

B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.

C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity

D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.

问题2选项

A.theabsenceofacommonreligion

B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety

C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife

D.thecounterbalancetonarcissisticpersonality

问题3选项

A.exemplifythecontributionsmadebyancientpoets

B.illustratetheroleofsharedfantasiesaboutsociety.

C.showanidealstageofeternalsocialprogress

D.makeknownmythsofwhatasocietyoughttobe

问题4选项

A.control

B.concern

C.agreement

D.consideration

问题5选项

A.Trojan

B.totalitarian

C.Greek

D.American

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目所问的是“美国社会最大的麻烦可能在于什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“我们社会最痛心的是缺乏对‘社会是什么’以及‘社会生活应该是什么’这类问题的一致意见”（Whatoursocietysu