考研考博-英语-四川长江职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川长江职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

WhenthePacificWarbrokeout,Edwardwasdraftedbynavyandservedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier.

问题1选项

A.enlisted

B.mobilized

C.approved

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。draft“起草；制定；征募”；A选项enlist“征募；赞助”；B选项mobilize“动员；调动；使……流通”；C选项approve“批准；赞成”；D选项attract“吸引；引起”。句意：太平洋战争爆发时，爱德华应征入伍，在一艘大型航空母舰上服役了整整四年。由题干中的“servedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier在一艘大的航空母舰上服役了整整四年”可知wasdrafted在这里是“被征募”的意思，因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

He[A]hadneverheard[B]awordofEnglish[C]beingspoken,thoughhe[D]hadtranslatedacollectionofEnglishshortstoriesintoChinese.

问题1选项

A.had

B.a

C.beingspoken

D.hadtranslated

【答案】C

【解析】【答案】C

【考查点】宾语补足语的用法。

【解题思路】hear+宾语+done属于过去分词作宾补，表示听到宾语被做某事；hear+宾语+beingdone属于现在分词被动形式作宾补，表示听到宾语正在被做某事。这里的宾语是awordofEnglish（英语），且句子中并不强调正在听到英语被说，即宾语补足语要用过去分词形式，因此本题应将C项改为spoken。

【句意】尽管他把一本英文短篇小说集翻译成中文，但从来没听说过有人说英语。

3.单选题

ThankstosomehelpfromprofessorsattheuniversityinCanberra，theAustralianauthoritiesarelettingmetobringmybiologicalsamplesintothecountrywithouttheusualthree-week

quarantine.

问题1选项

A.Thankstosomehelpfrom

B.attheuniversityinCanberra

C.arelettingmetobring

D.three-week

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。C项中去掉to。Letsb.dosth.为固定搭配。

4.翻译题

TodayisamajormilestoneforMicrosoft.ThekeypartnershipswebuildwithsoftwaredevelopersaroundtheworldarecentralnotonlytothesuccessofWindowsbutalsotorealizethepossibilitythatPCtechnologyprovides.It’sthroughapplicationsofeveryvarietythatbusinesseswillbeusingthepersonalcomputerasthetooloftheInformationAge.

MicrosofthasavisionforwherethePCisgoing.AndthatvisionsaysthatPCswillbecomeacentralelementofhowcompaniesshareinformationinsidethecompany.Thenameofthatvisionistheso-calledDigitalNervousSystem(DNS),allowingcompaniestoreducepaperworkandmakebetterdecisions.TheDigitalNervousSystemmeansthatnotonlydoyouhavethePCsandtheyareconnectedtogether,andnotonlydoyouhavestandardelementslikeelectronicmailbutalsoyoureallythoughtcarefullyaboutwhatinformationisimportant,andsoalloftheprocesses—ordertaking,salesplanning,personnelmanagement,projectmanagement—allofthosehavebeensetuptotakefulladvantageofthecapabilitiesofthecomputer.

AnothermajorvisionthatMicrosofthasisthatwritingprograms,writingtheapplicationsforthesemachinesneedstogetveryeasy,sowecanwriteprogramsthatcanrunacrosstheentireInternetwhichismillionsofmachines.Andthisisanewapproachtoprogrammingthatdrawsonwhatwasdonepreviously.DNSsaysthatdevelopersshouldbeabletofocusontheirparticulartaskandnothavetolearnalotaboutmanagementofthemachineresources.

Greatchipsandsystemsdevelopedbyourpartnerswhoareherewithussponsoringthisevent,makethisallpossible.Andthere’sanincredibleopportunityfordevelopers.Theapplicationsthatarewrittentodaywillselltoanevenlargerbaseofmachinesoutinthemarket.Thereisalotthatwe’redoingtoincreasetheworkwithgooddevelopers—makesuretheyunderstandwherethePCisgoingandhowtoolscanhelpthemnow,moreandmoremarketingtypeofactivitiesmakingsuretheygetoutinwiththecustomers.

Andthisissomethingthatwearejustgoingtoincreaseyearafteryear.AndsotheoverallDNS(DigitalNervousSystem)messageisoneabouthelpingdevelopersseizethatopportunity,bringingtogetherthedifferentarchitectures,makingthingsautomaticandallowingthistobedoneinagreatevolutionaryfashion.AndsoIthinkit’safantastictimetobeadeveloperandweappreciateyourbeinghereandlookforwardtotheopportunitytoworkwithyoumore.

【答案】我们与全球软件开发人员建立的重要伙伴关系不仅是促成视窗系统成功的关键,而且使个人电脑技术提供的可能性成为现实。应用技术贯穿各个领域,一些公司会把个人电脑用作信息时代的工具。

微软公司的另一个重要设想是:为电脑编写应用程序的过程必须简单化。因此,我们应该让这些程序在由无数台电脑组成的互联网中运行,这是利用以往的成就编程的一种新方法。

这就是我们年复一年要增加的东西。整个数字神经系统信息的目的就是要帮助开发人员抓住机遇,通过结合不同的体系结构,实现任务自动化并允许以一种渐进的方式完成这一工作。

5.单选题

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

问题1选项

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脱；refuge避难；life生活；hiding躲藏，隐匿。句意：持不同政见者决定去国外。takerefuge为固定搭配，意为“避难，（以掩饰等手段）逃脱困境”，因此正确答案是B选项。

6.单选题

Governmentstodayplayanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

问题1选项

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。scopes“范围，领域”；ranges“量程，范围”；ranks“级别，排列”；domains“领域，域名”。句意：今天，政府在福利、经济和教育领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

YouhavelivedinmanyforeigncountriessoI’dexpectyoutohavesomesortof（）peoplewhohavejustarrivedhere.

问题1选项

A.lovefor

B.concernfor

C.sympathyfor

D.empathyfor

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:你在很多国家居住过，所以我想你应该和刚到这里的人会有一些共鸣。只有选项D符合语境。

8.单选题

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

问题1选项

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward“报酬”；insurance“津贴”；interest“兴趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反馈”。句意：如果有人能够给你出主意，并给你反馈，那么研究起来就容易多了。选项D符合题意。

9.翻译题

I’vecometoappreciatethatlifehasitsowntimetable.Ittakesninemonthstomakeababy,2lyearstomakeanadult.Ittakesalongtimetobecomeagoodviolinistordownhillskier.Italsotakestimetobecomeasuccess—andevenmoretimetobecomeasuccessasaperson.

Perhapsthelastthingforcontrollingimpatienceistoexamineyourowncontributiontoit.Areyouunwillingtograntchildrentimetolearn,orslowpeopletimetoaccomplishatask?Ifimpatienceisonlyoccasional,yourannoyancewillpass.Butifyou’realmostalwaysirritableandabrupt,youmaywellfeelthatyou’rejusttooimportanttoeverbekeptwaitingforanyoneoranything.

You’renot,ofcourse;noneofusare.Ifwecanacceptthattheworldisourstoenjoybutnotmadeforourconvenience,we’llbebetterabletomovethroughitequably,morepatientwiththeordinaryvicissitudesoflifeandagoodcompaniontoourfellowhumanbeings—andtoourselves.

【答案】我已经开始欣赏生活有它自己的时间表。9个月就能生个孩子，21年就能长大成人。要成为一名优秀的小提琴家或滑降选手需要很长时间。成功也需要时间，甚至要花费更多的时间来成为一个成功的人。

也许控制不耐烦的最后一件事是检查你自己对它的贡献。你是不愿意给孩子学习的时间，还是不愿意给慢吞吞的人完成任务的时间？如果只是偶尔不耐烦，那么你的烦恼就会过去。但如果你几乎总是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能会觉得自己太重要，以至于不应该等待任何人或任何事。

当然，你不是最重要的，我们都不是最重要的。如果我们能接受这个世界是我们享受的，而不是为我们的便利而创造的，我们就能更好地平静度过，对普通的生活变迁更有耐心，并成为我们人类同胞和我们自己的好伴侣。

10.翻译题

In1959JacouesCousteausoundedthealarm:theMediterraneanwasdying.DivingoffFrance’ssoutherncoast,Cousteaufoundamarinedesertthatafewyearsearlierhadteemedwithfishandplants.Heblamedpoisonsfromthelargeurbanandindustrialcomplexesbuiltnearthesea.Cousteaucrystallizedgrowingpublicconcernoverpollutionoftheworld’sseasandoceans.Bythe1960s,oilspills,chemicalsandsewagewereturningareasoftheBalticintotoxiccesspools,heavymetalsandDDThadaccumulatedinfishandshellfishfromtheAtlantictotheChinaSea,causingcarnageamongbirdsthatatethemandpoisoningpeople.

Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehavemade,theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages；theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpusinourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrowandinsuffering,changehoursofwearinessintomomentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,fillthemwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftusoutofandaboveourselves.

【答案】1959年，雅克•库斯都敲响了警钟，地中海正在死亡。库斯都在法国南部海岸潜水时，发现了一个海洋沙漠，然而在几年前这里盛产鱼和海洋植物。他认为造成此现象的原因是海边建立的大型城市和工业中心排放的有毒物质。库斯都让人们对海洋污染问题的关注越来越具体化了。到了20世纪60年代，泄漏的石油、化学物质和污水将波罗的海地区变成了有毒的污水坑。从大西洋到中国海域，鱼类贝类体内积累了大量的重金属和杀虫剂，重金属和杀虫剂在鱼类和贝类体内沉积，食用了它们的鸟类大量灭绝，并且也会使人们中毒。

书籍对于人类的作用就相当于记忆对于个人的作用。书籍承载了我们种族的历史、时代的一些探索发现以及日益积累的知识和经验。书籍为我们描绘了大自然的美丽，帮助我们摆脱困境，在我们悲伤和痛苦时安慰我们，使疲倦的时光变得欢乐，使我们的大脑充满各种思想和观念，充之以美好快乐的想法，并且不停地超越提升自我。

11.单选题

WhentheopposingplayerfouledJohn,Johnlethisanger（

）hisgoodsenseandhittheboyback.

问题1选项

A.gotthefeelof

B.gotthehangof

C.gotthebetterof

D.gottheworstof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。getthefeelof“开始熟谙；习惯于”；getthehangof“得知……的窍门”；getthebetterof“打败；战胜”；gettheworstof“失利；遭到失败”。句意：当对方球员对约翰犯规时，约翰让自己的愤怒战胜了自己的理智，他回击了那个男孩。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescenceperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.

Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandthereisnolongeragreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageof16theadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreasehissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense,hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageof18thelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,buyliquor,enterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause（）.

2.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto（）.

3.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis（）.

4.Startingfrom22,（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

B.theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

C.moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

D.ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance

问题2选项

A.graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

B.socialrecognition

C.socio-economicstatus

D.certainbehavioralchanges

问题3选项

A.elevenyearsold

B.sixteenyearsold

C.twenty-oneyearsold

D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

问题4选项

A.onewillobtainmorebasicrights

B.theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave

C.onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21

D.onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，withpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor“延长教育时间和反童工法律”，这两个因素会延长青春期.

2.选项C符合题意。信息推断题。根据文章第二段。过去的社会仪式已经被学业阶段所取代，对青春期和认可和现实意义已经变得模糊。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段。“Attheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.”可知21岁后才能享受成年人的权利。选项C符合题意。

4.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，文中提到21岁后就进入了成年状态，可以享受更多基本权利，选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydeadunlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A,youareonthelaunchingpad.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanM.B.A.andisfamouslawofdiminishingreturnsbeginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoearnjust$23,030.

APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget.Exceptforafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistrywherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,ifyoupursuesuchadegreeinanyotherfield,youwillfaceadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythaninanyotherpartoftheworld.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesorworstofallinphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontables,andendlesslyfillingoutapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Theymayalsotakeajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpaysmuchlessthanthedoorkeeperearns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.

1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho（）.

2.ManyPh.Dsareoutofajobbecause（）.

3.Thenationisonlyinterestedinpeople（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

5.Thewriterseeseducationas（）.

问题1选项

A.willnotbeadisgracetosociety

B.willbecomeloyalcitizens

C.cantakecareofthemselves

D.canmeetthenation'sdemandsasasourceofmanpower

问题2选项

A.theyareimproperlyeducated

B.theyareoflittlecommercialvaluetotheirsociety

C.therearefewerjobsinhighschools

D.theyprefereasierjobsthatmakemoremoney

问题3选项

A.withdiplomas

B.whospecializeinphysicsandchemistry

C.whoarevaluabletothegrossnationalproduct

D.bothAandC

问题4选项

A.BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschool,nordidEdison.

B.Onemustthinkcarefullybeforepursuingamasterdegree.

C.Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyou'llearn.

D.Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you'llbeover-educatedforsociety'sdemands.

问题5选项

A.ameansofprovidingjobsecurityandfinancialsecurityandameansofmeetingacountry’sdemandsfortechnicalworkers

B.awaytobroadenoneshorizons

C.moreimportantthanfindingajob

D.anopportunitythateveryoneshouldhave

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，社会希望教育能够转向培养出作为人力资源来满足国家需要的人才。选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“你只能到目前为止把收入水平与教育水平等同起来。也就是说，要让你对国民生产总值有用，但又不能让任何人从你身上赚取太多利润。”由此可知，很多博士生失业，正是因为对社会没有什么商业价值，所以选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。本题的答案定位也是在原文最后一个自然段。根据上一题可知，国家只对那些国民生产总值有价值的人感兴趣。所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?比如说，你知道吗?长途卡车司机的年收入比全职教授要高。”由此可知，并不是教育水平越高，赚的钱就越多。所以选项C不正确。

5.判断推理题。原文第一自然段提及“当你的父母建议你‘接受教育’以提高你的收入时，他们只告诉了你一半的真相。他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，作者认为教育不仅仅是一种提供工作保障和财政保障的手段，也是一种满足国家对技术工人需求的手段，所以选项A符合原文。

14.问答题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addoword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark()intherightplaceand-writethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.brand改成brands

2.distinguish改成differ

3.manufacturer改成manufacturer's

4.at改成in

5.much改成little

6.to改成with

7.their改成its

8.unpleasant改成pleasant

9.need改成needs

10.advertised改成advertising

【解析】1.词汇错误—单复数。根据前面的“severaldifferent很多不同的”可知，此处的brand应该是复数名词，故应该是brands“品牌”。

2.搭配错误。distinguishAfromB表示“区分A和B”，但是，此处表示“两者差别不大，两者没有什么不同”，因此，根据搭配应该为：differfrom“与……不同”。

3.语法错误—比较结构平行关系。此处是比较两个“manufacturer’stoothpaste厂商的牙好”，因此，后面的manufacture应该加上“s”的所有格，与前面保持一致，即需要体现比较对象“牙膏”。

4.固定搭配。varyin在…方面变化；在…方面有差异。

5.词汇错误—程度形容词。该处句意为:这些因素使得店家没有太多理由去选择某一种商品。故much应该改成little才符合句意。

6.固定搭配。beconfrontedwith面对。

7.代词错误。主语是“eachmanufacturingcompany”,而后文的代词指的就是“每个生产公司”，故代词应该用单数，即its。

8.词汇错误—形容词。前文谈及两种广告类型，目的是吸引买者或潜在买者，因此，此处应该是用“somethingpleasant愉快的东西”来吸引买者。

9.语法错误—主谓一致。因为该句主语是one,所以，谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数，即needs。

10.词汇误用。advertised是过去分词，而此处是形容词修饰strategy；因此，应该是advertising“广告（业）的”，表示“广告策略”。

15.单选题

Thisdocumentis（

）unlessitisofficiallystamped.

问题1选项

A.invalid

B.acute

C.deliberate

D.confidential

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。invalid“无效的”；acute“严重的”；deliberate“故意的”；confidential“机密的，保密的”。句意：这份文件除非有官方盖章，否则就是无效的。由后半句unless…这个条件可知A项正确。

16.单选题

Acameratakeslightrays（

）offsubjectsandfocusesthemonasheetoffilm.

问题1选项

A.disguised

B.defined

C.bounced

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒，伪装”；B选项define“定义，规定”；C选项bounce“弹跳”；D选项incorporate“包含，合并”。句意：照相机捕捉物体反射的光线，并将其聚焦在一张胶片上。bounceoff意为“弹开，反弹”，这里指反射光线，所以选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.

B.Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.

C.Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.

D.Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.

问题2选项

A.TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.

B.TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.

C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.

D.Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.

问题3选项

A.Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous.

B.Theywerecarriedbythewind.

C.Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.

D.Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.

问题4选项

A.TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.

B.TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.

C.ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.

D.ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】PassageOne

Birdsarefamousforcarryingthingsaround.Some,likehomingpigeons,canbetrainedtodelivermessagesandpackages.Otherbirdsunknowinglycarryseedsthatclingtothemfortheride.

Canadianscientistshavefoundaworrisome,newexampleofthepowerthatbirdshavetospreadstuffaround.WayupnorthintheCanadianArctic,[9]seabirdsarepickingupdangerouschemicalsintheoceananddeliveringthemtopondsnearwherethebirdslive.

Some10,000pairsofthebirds,calledfulmars,akindofArcticseabirds,maketheirnestsonDevonIsland,northoftheArcticCircle.[10]Thefulmarstravelsome400kilometersovertheseatofindfood.Whentheyreturnhome,theirdroppingsendupallaroundtheirnestingsites,includinginnearbyponds.

[11]Previously,scientistsnoticedpollutantsarrivingintheArcticwiththewind.Salmonalsocarrydangerouschemicals,asthefishmigratebetweenriversandthesea.Thebodiesoffishandothermeat-eaterscanbuilduphighlevelsofthechemicals.

Totestthepollutingpoweroffulmars,researcherscollectedsamplesofdepositsfrom11pondsonDevonIsland.Inpondsclosesttothecolony,theresultsshowedthattherewerefarmorepollutantsthaninpondslessaffectedbythebirds.

Thepollutantsinthepondsappeartocomefromfishthatfulmarseatwhenthey’reoutontheocean.

[12]Peoplewholive,hunt,orfishnearbirdcoloniesneedtobecareful,theresearcherssay.Thebirdsdon’tmeantocauseharm,butthechemicalstheycarrycancausemajorproblems.

9.WhathaveCanadianscientistsfoundaboutsomeseabirds?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于海鸟，加拿大科学家们有什么发现？录音开头提到，加拿大的科学家发现海鸟能传播污染物：在加拿大北部的北极地区，海鸟从海洋中叼走危险的化学品，并运送到其栖息地附近的池塘里。C选项“它们把海洋里污染物运送到它们筑巢的地方”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“污染导致它们濒临灭绝”录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们携带植物种子，并把种子传播到遥远的地方”这一信息虽然在录音中有所提及，但并不是加拿大科学家们的发现，因此排除；D选项“在紧急情况下，它们会传递信息”，录音中说的这种鸟类是信鸽，而不是海鸟，因此不正确。

10.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheseabirdscalledfulmars?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于管鼻藿这种海鸟，说话人说了什么？录音提到，有一种生活在北极的海鸟，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）。大约有一万多对管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢。它们会飞行约400公里，穿越海洋寻找食物。D选项“它们飞行400公里寻找食物”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它们起源于北极地区的德文岛”，录音只是提及管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢，并没有表明它们是起源于德文岛，因此不正确；B选项“它们在夏季迁徙到北极圈”和C选项“它们能在极端天气条件下生存”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

11.WhatdidscientistspreviouslynoticeaboutpollutantsintheArctic?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问科学家以前在北极发现的污染物是什么？录音提到，早前，科学家发现这些污染物是被风吹到北极地区的。B选项中的werecarriedbythewind是录音中arriving…withthewind的同义转述。因此B选项“它们是被风吹来的”正确。A选项“它们毒性越来越大”；C选项“它们毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D选项“它们没有像大陆上残留的那么多”在录音中均没有相关信息提及，因此排除。

12.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnaboutattheendofthetalk?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者在演讲结束时警告了什么？录音最后提到，研究人员认为，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、狩猎或捕鱼的人们需要提高警惕。这些鸟类本身不会造成危害，但它们携带的化学物质则会引起重大问题。由此可知，此处的“重大问题”应是指会对人类造成危害的问题，因此B选项“北极海鸟可能对人类造成危害”正确。A选项“气候变化对北极海鸟的影响”；C选项“北极海鸟栖息地的减少”和D选项“人类对北极海鸟构成的威胁”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

18.单选题

Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz（千兆赫），forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.

Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.

Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?

OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.

1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?

4.Theword“alternative”means（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Analarmingclock.

B.Acrystaloscillator.

C.Complexcalculations.

D.Theclock’stimingsignals.

问题2选项

A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.

B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.

C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.

D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.

问题3选项

A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.

B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.

C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.

D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.

问题4选项

A.method

B.substitute

C.answer

D.machine

问题5选项

A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.

B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem

C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.

D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.随着速度的提高，定时信号的分配变得越来越困难。”选项A符合原文；根据第三段倒数第二句“Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.要使一个大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的节奏，需要精心的设计和大量的电力。”选项C和D符合原文。选项B是由于速度过快导致的结果而不是缺点，所以不正确，本题选B。

4.词义题。结合原文内容可知，“alternative”意为“替代品”，选项B与之意思相近。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralother