考研考博-英语-吉林工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts.

Overtheyear,theyhadsuccessfully(1)everychallengetothissystembytheirowngovernmentwho,(2)hadbeenfrequentlyurgedbyforeigngovernmentstorevealinformationaboutthefinancialaffairsofcertainaccount(3).Theresultofthispolicyofsecrecywas(4)akindofmystiquehadgrownuparoundSwissbanking.Therewasawidely-heldbeliefthatSwitzerlandwas(5)towealthyforeigners,mainlybecauseofitsnumberedaccountsandbankers'reluctancetoaskawkwardquestions(6)depositors.(7)tothemystiquewastheviewthatifthissecrecywasevergivenup,foreignerswouldfalloverthemselvesintherushto(8)money,andtheSwissbankingsystemwouldvirtuallycollapseovernight.

Tomany,(9),itcamelikeaboltoutofthe(10),when,in1977,theSwissbanksannouncedtheyhadsigneda_(11)withtheSwissNationalBank(theCentralBank).Theaimoftheagreementwas(12)theimproperuseofthecountry'sbanksecrecylaws,andits(13)wastocurbseverelythesystemofsecrecy.

Theruleswhichthebankshadagreedtoobserve(14)heopeningofnumberedaccountssubjecttomuchcloser_(15)thanbefore.Thebankswouldberequired,ifnecessary,to(16)_theoriginofforeignfundsgoingintonumberedandotheraccounts.Theideawastostopsuchaccountsbeingusedfor(17)purposes.Also,theyagreednottoacceptfundsresultingfromtax(18)orfromcrime.

Thepactrepresentedessentiallyatighteningupofbankingrules.(19)thebanksagreedtoendrelationswithclientswhoseidentitieswereunclearorwhowereperformingimproperacts,theywerestillnotobligedtoinform(20

)aclienttoanyone,includingtheSwissgovernment.Tosomeextent,therefore,theprincipleofsecrecyhadbeenmaintained.

问题1选项

A.resisted

B.endured

C.withstood

D.opposed

问题2选项

A.inturn

B.inreturn

C.incase

D.inall

问题3选项

A.owners

B.possessors

C.keepers

D.holders

问题4选项

A.that

B.while

C.which

D.therefore

问题5选项

A.disrespectful

B.irresponsible

C.irresistible

D.irrational

问题6选项

A.about

B.of

C.after

D.for

问题7选项

A.Contributed

B.Havingcontributed

C.Contributing

D.Contribute

问题8选项

A.exchange

B.withdraw

C.deposit

D.cash

问题9选项

A.nevertheless

B.asamatteroffact

C.therefore

D.ofcourse

问题10选项

A.shock

B.blue

C.sudden

D.blew

问题11选项

A.pact

B.pretext

C.proviso

D.contract

问题12选项

A.prevent

B.tohaveprevented

C.preventing

D.toprevent

问题13选项

A.effect

B.influence

C.affect

D.impact

问题14选项

A.invoked

B.made

C.caused

D.induced

问题15选项

A.research

B.search

C.scrutiny

D.survey

问题16选项

A.discover

B.identify

C.learn

D.know

问题17选项

A.suspectable

B.unsure

C.dubious

D.implausible

问题18选项

A.evasion

B.neglect

C.omission

D.escape

问题19选项

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.Until

D.Even

问题20选项

A.with

B.about

C.on

D.of

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】（1）resisted反抗；endured忍耐；withstood抵挡，经得起；opposed反对。句意：一年来，它们成功地顶住了本国政府对这一制度提出的每一个挑战。选项C符合原文。

（2）inturn轮流，依次；inreturn作为回报；incase万一，假使；inall总共，合计。句意：反过来，这些政府又经常被外国政府要求披露某些账户持有人的财务状况的信息。选项A符合原文。

（3）accountholders指账户持有人。

（4）that在这里引导同位语从句，不做任何成分。

（5）disrespectful无礼的，失礼的；irresponsible不负责任的，不可靠的；irresistible不可抗拒的，极为诱人的；irrational不合理的。根据下文，瑞士的账户数量有限，而且银行家们不会问储户一些棘手的问题。所以这对外国的富人来说是不可抗拒的，选项C符合原文。

（6）askquestionof+sb.指向某人提问。about关于，for表原因，句意：银行家们不会问储户一些棘手的问题。故答案为B。

（7）句意：造成这种神秘感的一个原因是……。这里用-ing形式表主动语态。

（8）根据原文：一旦放弃这种保密政策，外国人就会争先恐后地，瑞士银行体系也会在一夜之间崩溃。选项B取款符合句意。

（9）对许多人来说，1977年瑞士银行宣布与瑞士中央银行签署的一项协议犹如晴天霹雳。根据上下文逻辑，这里应该填选项C更符合。

（10）aboltoutoftheblue为固定搭配，指出人意料的事，晴天霹雳。

（11）pact协定，契约；pretext借口，托辞；proviso附文，限制性条款；contract合同，婚约。签署协议更恰当，所以选项A正确。

（12）toprevent表目的。Theaimofsth.is/wastodosth.

（13）effect影响，效果，作用；influence影响，感化；affect做名词指情感；impact效果，影响。根据后面的to可知答案为A。influence，affect，impact后面都接on。

（14）invoked呼唤；induced引诱，说服。根据原文：银行同意遵守的规则，使得有编号账户的开户受到比以前更严格的审查。选项B符合原文。

（15）scrutiny指详细审查。符合银行的办事规则，所以更恰当。

（16）如有必要，银行将被要求确定进入编号和其他账户的外国资金的来源。选项B正确。

（17）这个想法是为了阻止这些账户被用于可疑的目的。implausible难以置信的；suspectable和dubious都是可疑的意思，suspectable指值得怀疑的；dubious指半信半疑的。选项C更恰当。

（18）taxevasion指逃税，为固定搭配。Omission疏忽，遗漏。

（19）根据原文：这些银行同意终止与身份不明或行为不当的客户的关系，但它们仍没有义务将客户的信息告知任何人，包括瑞士政府。选项B符合原文转折的逻辑关系。

（20）informonsth.tosb.向某人告知某事。

2.单选题

Byevacuatingtheinhabitantsinthedenselypopulatedareasofthecityandestablishingtemporaryshelters,thecity（）itselfforapossiblenewquake.

问题1选项

A.bolted

B.braced

C.reinforced

D.strapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:bolt“筛选；拴上；脱口而出”；B:brace“支撑；预备；准备”；C:reinforce“加固；强化；增援”；D:strap“用带捆扎；用皮带抽打”。句意：通过疏散该城市人口密集区域的居民，建立临时庇护所，全城做了可能再发生一场地震的防备。根据语境和句意可知B为正确答案。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

【答案】一个美国研究向人们播放演员在做天气转变演讲的录音。人们反应最好的版本谈论的是“空气污染”而不是“气候变化”—因为污染是和他们有关的，可以看见的脏乱和对健康的不良影响。气候变化不仅仅是空气污染的问题，但找到让气候变化更加有形的方法是至关重要的。人们只是不担心他们看不见（甚至想象不到）的事情。一种增加人们使用公共交通工具数量的方法是把习惯分解成简单的“如果……那么”计划。为了改变一种习惯性行为，一个人必须确定一个目标（比如少开车），一种他们为了追求这个目标想要做的行为（周五坐公共汽车去上班），以及一种能够触发这种行为的情况（有足够的时间去赶公共汽车）。

4.单选题

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisenevertobehavelikethatagain.

问题1选项

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sorry“遗憾的；对不起的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的”；C选项ashamed“羞愧的；惭愧的”；D选项guilty“内疚的”。句意：他对自己的行为非常……，并保证再也不那样做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保证再也不会那样做了。）可知他对自己的行为表示羞愧，可知C选项正确。因此答案为C选项。

5.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

6.单选题

Thedoghas（）itsaffectiontoitsnewmasterinChina’sindustries.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项transferredv.转移，转让，调动；B选项transformedv.转化，变换；C选项transportedv.运输，搬运；D选项transmittedv.传输，传送，遗传。根据动词宾语itsaffection可知，A项符合语义和搭配。因此，A项为正确选项。句意：小狗己经将自己的情感转移给了它的新主人。

7.单选题

Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal—aperiodwhenNorthPolebecomesSouthPoleandSouthPolebecomesNorthPole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?

GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metersofdeepseasediment（沉淀物）core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears—themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.

Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten（熔化的）ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor（流星）impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsays,intensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?

2.Theword“flip”(Line6,Para.2）mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?

4.TheFrenchgeophysicists'studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin（

）.

5.InPeterOslo'sopiniontheFrenchexperiment（

）.

问题1选项

A.PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNature.

B.MeasurementoftheEarth'sMagnetic-FieldIntensity.

C.FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarth.

D.ANewApproachtotheStudyofGeophysics.

问题2选项

A.decline

B.intensify

C.fluctuate

D.reverse

问题3选项

A.Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth'smagneticfield.

B.Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth'smagneticfield.

C.Theoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield.

D.Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.

问题4选项

A.itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield

B.thewaytheearth'smagneticintensityismeasured

C.itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth'spolarity

D.thewaytheearth'sfluctuationrhythmisdefined

问题5选项

A.islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearth

B.hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversals

C.iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisasters

D.hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld'sgeophysicists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章在第一段最后提出问题“磁场是怎么产生的，为什么会如此不稳定？”（Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?）；紧接着第二段提到两位法国地球物理学家进行了开创性的研究在一定程度上提供了线索；文章最后一段最后两句话提到“如果这些结果被证明是正确的，地球物理学家将有一种新理论来指导他们去探究地球内部物理学。它确实为将来的研究指明了方向。”（Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch），由此可知选项D“地球物理学的新的研究方法”符合题意。

第2题:词义题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到“虽然磁场强度变化短时间内没有规律，但是好像在每一次两极逆转之前，都有一个不可避免的下降过程”（Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal），polarityreversal的意思是“两极逆转”，可推测“polesflip”与之同义，flip有“翻转”的意思。选项D符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第三句话提到“分析显示，强度的波动看起来有明显、准确的节奏”（Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm），由此可知选项A“地球磁场变化有一些规律”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“然而，这种转换是怎样发生的？原因是什么？争论激烈。几种理论把两极转换同流星碰撞这类的外部灾难联系起来。但是奥尔森认为如果法国研究者是正确的话，这几种理论就不能成立了”（Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor（流星）impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright），选项C“地球两极的解释”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段最后两句话提到“如果这些结果被证明是正确的，地球物理学家将有一种新理论来指导他们去探究地球内部物理学。它确实为将来的研究指明了方向。”（Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch），选项A“指导地球内部物理学的进一步研究”符合题意。

8.单选题

Etiquetteisnotsimplyanaccessoryoftherich,usedto________theirexistingsocialstatus,butmakesuptheveryfabricofsociety.

问题1选项

A.reinforce

B.intensify

C.amplify

D.aggravate

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reinforce加强，加固B.intensify增强，加剧

C.amplify放大，加强D.aggravate加重，使恶化

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“加强，增强”的意思。used是过去分词表被动，意为“被用来……”，空格处和下文的“socialstatus（社会地位）”构成动宾逻辑，表示礼仪作为富人的附属品来怎么样他们现有的社会地位。既然富人将礼仪作为一种工具，就说明礼仪对他们有利，会使他们现有的社会地位得到加强和巩固。reinforce指加强某事物的力量，使其更强大，因此A选项reinforce“加强，加固”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项intensify“增强，加剧”指使情感或事态在程度或强度上剧烈地增加，不能和“socialstatus（社会地位）”进行搭配；

C选项amplify“放大，加强”指增强某事物的声音等强度或在某个陈述中添加细节，不能和“socialstatus（社会地位）”进行搭配；

D选项aggravate“加重，使恶化”指使糟糕或不愉快的情况恶化，富人现有的社会地位并不糟糕，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】礼仪不仅是富人的附属品，用来加强他们现有的社会地位，而且是社会结构的组成部分。

9.单选题

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis（

）.

问题1选项

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

问题2选项

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

问题3选项

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

问题4选项

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本题询问这篇阅读的中心思想。A选项意为“交通事故主要是由摩托车引起的”；B选项意为“只有更严格的交通法规能够阻止事故的发生”；C选项意为“一些国家关于驾驶的法规太过松弛”；D选项意为“每年全世界有几千人丧生”。分析全文内容可知，文章前几段主要分析了造成事故的几个原因，而最后一段得出的结论是应该通过更严格的交通法规才能更好地制止交通事故的发生，所以B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项论述不符合第二段的内容。A选项意为“人们开车时通常无法保持安静愉快的心情”；B选项意为“当人们开车时，他们通常会发狂”；C选项意为“通常人们隐藏的能力会通过驾驶行为充分地发挥出来”；D选项意为“人们的坏品质和负面情感会通过驾驶行为完全被公开”。根据原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人说得对，当一个人坐在方向盘后面，他的车就成了他个性的延伸。毫无疑问，汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质。”可知人们在驾驶时的情绪和个人品质会通过驾驶行为显露出来，C选项正确；由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安静而愉快的人，当他们坐在方向盘后面时，可能会变得面目无睹。”可知本段中并没有说人们开车总是无法保持安静和愉快，A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项没有被作为阻止交通事故发生的一项对策提及。A选项意为“将驾照考试更标准化和增加难度”；B选项意为“提高驾驶员的年龄限制并定期复查”；C选项意为“将驾驶速度限制在合理的范围内”；D选项意为“经常测试司机血液中的酒精量”。根据原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托车事故发生的方式“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在要更严格；所有四级每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试”可知D选项没有提及符合题意。

4.观点态度题。本题询问作者对于这种社会现象的态度。A选项意为“讽刺的”；B选项意为“批判的”；C选项意为“漠不关心的”；D选项意为“富有战斗性的”。文章的前三段分别给出了导致交通事故发生的几个原因，作者也呼吁各国制定更为严格的交通法规来阻止事故的发生，而对于摩托车事故，作者一直持批评的态度，B选项正确。

10.单选题

Theprotestswerepartoftheir（）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.

问题1选项

A.commission

B.commitment

C.convention

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】语义题。commission授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；convention习俗，惯例。campaign运动,战役。根据句中protests，partof推测,D项campaign符合句意。

11.单选题

Jack（

）theprobleminhismindfortwodaysbeforehedidsomethingaboutit.

问题1选项

A.turnedout

B.turnedto

C.turnedon

D.turnedover

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turnedout结果是；turnedto转向，求助于；turnedon打开；turnover仔细考虑。句意：杰克在采取行动之前，关于这个问题，他在脑海中仔细考虑了两天。D项符合句意，答案D

12.单选题

Theteam’seffortstoscorewere（

）bytheopposinggoalkeeper.

问题1选项

A.frustrated

B.prevented

C.discouraged

D.accomplished

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。句意:该队队员试图得分的努力被对方守门员（

）了。

frustrated和effort搭配表示“挫败...的努力”；prevent一般与from搭配表示“被...阻止”；discourage阻拦,阻止;accomplish完成,实现。

13.单选题

Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcornerswhich,ifuncheckedforlongperiods,will______intobadhabits.

问题1选项

A.split

B.sneak

C.delude

D.degenerate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项split“分离，使分离，劈开”，B项sneak“溜，鬼鬼祟祟做事，向老师打小报告”，C项delude“欺骗，哄骗，诱惑”，D项degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”。由Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcorners“你的技术越熟练，你就越容易走捷径”可知，空格处填入“养成、变成”符合语境，而degenerateinto表示“退化为”，意思与之相近。句意：你的技术越熟练，你就越容易走捷径，如果长期不加以控制，就会退化为坏习惯。因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinAutcio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subhasta”,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”;ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,fruit,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder;hemaywaituntilhenoticesthefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because（

）.

3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,”theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（

）.

5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers（

）.

问题1选项

A.atfixedprices

B.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue

C.forthehighestpriceoffered

D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer

问题2选项

A.theauctioneerknocksonthetable

B.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

C.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

D.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods

问题3选项

A.uselessgoods

B.spears

C.variouskindsoffood

D.propertytakenfromtheenemy

问题4选项

A.tolimitthetimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

B.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

C.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

D.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

问题5选项

A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods

B.theorderinwhichgoodsaretobesold

C.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale

D.detailsofthegoodstobesold

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.他鼓励买家出更高的价格，并最终将出价最高者称作商品的买主。”由此可知答案选C。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Thisiscalled‘knockingdown’thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.这被称为‘击倒’货物，当拍卖人在一个凸起的台子上敲击小锤子时，竞拍就结束了。”由此可知答案选C。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled‘subhasta’,meaning‘underthespear’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.罗马人通常以这种方式出售战争中的战利品；这些销售被称为‘subhasta’，意思是‘在长矛下’，一根长矛被卡在地上，作为一种信号，让人群聚集起来。”由此可知答案选D。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold‘bythecandle’;ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品经常被‘以烧蜡烛定时限’出售；拍卖师点燃了一支短蜡烛，在燃烧的时候可以进行投标。”由此可知答案选A。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda‘lot’,isusuallygivenanumber.如果广告不能提供完整的细节，商品目录就会被打印出来，并且每一组被称为“批次”的商品，通常会被给出一个数字。”由此可推知，目录提供了货物的详情，故答案选D。

15.单选题

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.

问题1选项

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项shrugged“耸肩”；B选项tugged“用力拖，拉”；C选项jerked“使猝然一动，猛拉”；D选项twisted“使缠绕”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了探，猛地点了点头，这是当时男孩们高兴时用来表示“OK”的手势。本句表示猛地点了点头，因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Severalhundredmillionyearsago,plantssimilartomodemfernscoveredvaststretchesoftheland.Somewereaslargeastrees,withgiantfrondsbunchedatthetopoftrunksasstraightaspillars.Otherswerethesizeofbushesandformedthicketsofmeundergrowth.Stillotherslivedintheshadeofgiantclubmossesandhorsetailsalongtheedgesofswampylagoonswheregiantamphibiansswam.

Agreatnumberoftheseplantsweretrueferns,reproducingthemselveswithoutfruitsorseeds.Othershadonlytheappearanceofferns.Theirleaveshadorgansofsexualreproductionandproducedseeds.Althoughtheir“flowers”didnothavecorollasthesefalseferns(todaycompletelyextinct)usheredintheeraoffloweringplants.Tracesofthesefloraoftheearliesttimeshavebeenpreservedintheformoffossils.Suchtracesaremostcommonlyfoundinshaleandsandstonerockswedgedbetweencoalbeds.

Todayonlytropicalforestsbearlivingproofoftheancientgreatnessofferns.ThespeciesthatgrowtherearenolongerthoseoftheCarboniferousperiod,buttheirvarietyandvastnumbers,andthegreatsizeofsome,remindusofthetimewhenfernsruledtheplantkingdom.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacharacteristicof