考研考博-英语-四川大学锦城学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川大学锦城学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Sitdown,straightenyourlegsand______yourfeet.

问题1选项

A.suffocate

B.flex

C.inflate

D.affront

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.suffocate压制，阻碍B.flex屈伸，活动（四肢或肌肉，尤指为准备体力活动）

C.inflate膨胀，充气D.affront冒犯，侮辱

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由句子意思“坐下，伸直你的双腿，______你的双脚”可知，端正地坐下来，自然是伸直双腿收缩双脚，因此B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项都不符合句意。

【句意】坐下来，伸直双腿，收缩双脚。

2.填空题

Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershavesomethingincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bsomething去掉

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】thatallleadershavesomethingincommon是修饰personalqualities的定语从句，其中that充当从句宾语，意思指的是personalqualities，所以B部分的something去掉句子才正确。

【句意】似乎并没有所有领导人都具备的一系列个人品质；事实上，如果一个人的素质符合那个特定群体的需要，他就是公认的领导者。

3.单选题

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

问题1选项

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的，无理性的”；B选项unreasonable“不合理的，不切实际的”；C选项invalid“无效的，有病的”；D选项irrelevant“不相干的，不切题的”。句意：法官裁定该证据不可采信，因为它与手头的问题无关。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Itisoftendifficultto（

）betweenamereexaggerationandadeliberatelylying.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.cultivate

C.originate

D.discriminate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒”；B选项cultivate“培养”；C选项originate“引起，创作”；D选项discriminate“区别，辨别”。

句意：人们常常很难区分纯粹夸张和故意撒谎。选项D符合语境。

5.单选题

Theceremonywill（）assoonastheministerarrives.

问题1选项

A.complete

B.descend

C.disperse

D.commence

【答案】D

【解析】complete完成；descend下降；disperse分散；commence开始。句意：只要部长一到,典礼就开始。

6.单选题

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

问题1选项

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变为非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。

7.翻译题

ThenecessaryurbandevelopmentofourcitiesmustbecompatiblewiththeconservationoftheCulturalandHistoricalPatrimony.Thisisparticularlytrueinthecaseofthosecities,numerousintheIberianPeninsulaandEurope,thataretheresultofalonghistoricaltradition,oftenuninterruptedduringalmosttwothousandyears.（1）ThepreservationoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonyinthesecities,however,coniesupagainstconflictsdifficulttoresolve，withverydifferineandopposedpositions:thedemandandthepriceoftheground,theliamioniousdevelopmentofthecity,thepresenceofinfrastructuresandservices,theaspirationofthecitizenstoworthyhousing,thebusinessprojectsofthepromotersortheworkingplansoftheconstructors.

ThecommonresourceestablishedtosolvetheseconflictsisUrbanPlanning.（2）Arcliaeolouvmusttakepartactivelyintheelaborationofthisplanning，anduseitsabilitiespositivelytopreventarchaeologicalproblemsandlookforanacceptablesolutionfi.onithepointofviewoftheprotectionoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonywithregai'dtourbandevelopment.（3）Lainentablv，archaeologyfrequentlyignoresthepossibilitiesofthiscourseofactionanddoesnothavetheresourcesnecessarytousetheurbanstandardandtheplanningfiguresasothermethodologicalinstruments(alongsidethosetraditionallyusedarchaeology)tosolvethearchaeologicalimpactofurbandevelopment.

（4）Giventhattheplanningfiguresarethemostefficientwavofregulatingthegroundplanandclassifyandorganizetheterritory,theyarealsoausefulinstrumentfororganizinganactionofurbanArchaeologicalPatrimonywithintheplan.Thisoutliningmustextendfromtheelementunderprotectiontowardsitssurroundings,andmustseektheconservationofthatspace,aswellasguaranteethecontroloftheagentsoractivitiesthatmayactnegativelyuponthem.（5）Theadequateorganizationofthesespacesneedsnotonlytoapplytheexistinggroundlegislation,butalsodevelopineachparticularcase(whetheracityorasuperiororganiziii2community)adefinedregulation.Thisregulation,adaptedtothespecificationoftheelementsandsurroundingstobeprotected,providesanadequateorganizationofthespacesthat,duetotheirownhistoricalvaluesandpotentialsocialfunction,thusrequireit.Toachievethis,itwillbenecessarytonotonlylimittheiruse,butalsotoestablishsolutionsfortheirmanagementand,even,fortheirsocio-culturaluse.

【答案】1.然而，这些城市的考古遗产保护遇到了难以调和的冲突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至对立的观点。

2.考古学（家）必须积极参与城市规划方案的制定，并积极地利用其影响力来阻止考古相关的问题。而且，在城市开发方面，必须从保护历史遗产的角度来寻求可接受的解决办法。

3.可惜，考古学经常忽视这一行动的可能性，他们缺乏必要的资源将城市标准和规划数字用作其他方法学工具（与传统考古学一样）,以解决城市开发对考古学造成的冲击。

4.假使规划数据是规定土地使用和对用地进行划分以及管理的最有效的途径，它们也可以成为在规划范围内组织城市历史遗址保护行动的有效手段。

5.为了对这些地的空间进行充分管理，不仅需要应用现成的一些规范，还要针对每一种具体情况（无论是一座城市还是高级的组织社区）制定特殊规定。

8.单选题

Novelsandshortstoriesfromalibrary'sfictioncollectionareagood（）ofenjoyablereadingpractice.

问题1选项

A.exit

B.resource

C.entry

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：图书馆的小说和短篇小说是令人愉快的阅读练习的好来源。选项中只有source有"来源"的意思。所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】介词词组辨析。atlarge“整个地”；atintervals“不时”；atease“不紧张”；atrandom“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

问题1选项

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项makesroom为……留出空间；B选项leavesnoroom没有空间；没有余地；C选项sparesnoefforts不遗余力；D选项takesnopains没有费力气，没有痛苦。根据前文可知，他已经列举出了确凿的证据，没有必要进一步争论。因此，正确答案为B项。

11.不定项选择题

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinbrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（

）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（

）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（

）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

问题1选项

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

问题2选项

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

问题3选项

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

问题4选项

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

问题5选项

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：作者说当今强大的计算机……A选项“能够可靠地识别物体的形状”；B选项“接近人类行为的表现”；C选项“他们的表现和50年代的没有什么不同”；D选项“仍然不能用人类的语言与人交流”。根据题干定位到第一段第二三句话：Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（尽管计算机很有用，但是它们离实现类似人类行为这一早期愿望还差得很远，更别提像对话这样复杂的事情了：最强大的计算机也很难可靠地识别物体的形状，然而这对一个10个月大的孩子来说是最基本的任务。），从这句可以看出，选项A、B错误，答案选D；选项C文章没有提及。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：人工智能研究的新趋势源于……。A选项“研究的重点转向对物体形状的识别”；B选项“相信人类的智慧不能被逻辑上的、按部递进的程序所复制”；C选项“科学家们渴望复制一个10个月大的孩子的智力”；D选项“科学家们在研究晶体管和脑细胞之间相似性方面所做的努力”。根据题干定位到第二段第二三句话Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.（科学家们表示，问题在于，人工智能一直在试图分离语言和数学等最高、最抽象的思维层次，并用逻辑的、循序渐进的程序来复制它们。另一方面，人工智能领域的一项新运动更深入地探讨了自然与智能之间的间接联系），从这句可以看出科学家指出问题在于人们一直在用看似有逻辑的步骤来复制抽象的思维，但其实这样是行不通的，所以答案选B；A、C选项只是对文章内容的拼接，不是问题所在；D选项文章没有提及。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小组一直在努力……。A选项“找到一个迂回的方法来设计功能强大的计算机”；B选项“用一个巧妙的交换机网络构建一台计算机”；C选项“了解智能实际上是如何发展的”；D选项“将思维的最高层次和最抽象的层次分开”。根据题干关键词定位到原文第三段第一句“计算机科学家兼生物物理学家迈克尔•康拉德（MichaelConrad）说，模仿大脑的神经网络（Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetwork）是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（naturalintelligence）的一个重要方面。”，通过这一句话可以看出，康拉德所做的内容是人工智能和自然智能之间的关系，康拉德赞同人工智能取得进步的想法，但是他同时认为不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再结合第三段最后两句“具体来说，康拉德认为，大脑的许多能力都源于构成每个脑细胞（eachbraincell）的单个分子的模式识别能力。他声称，制造人工智能设备的最佳方法是围绕同样的分子技能（thesamesortofmolecularskills）来制造。”可知康拉德一直在努力了解大脑本身是如何运作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C选项正确。ABD三项都不符合题干，排除。

第4题:作者意图题。A选项“它在人工智能研究人员中引起了轰动，但很快就会消失”；B选项“这是在复制人类思维过程方面的一个突破”；C选项“这更像是一个奇特的游戏，而不是真正的科学努力”；D选项“它可能被证明是在正确的方向上，尽管没有人能确定它的未来前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句话Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield（这些早期努力的成果既有希望，也有独特之处，新的基于自然的人工智能运动正在缓慢但肯定地走向该领域的前沿），从这里可知答案选D，其他选项不符合题意。

第5题:语义推测题。A选项：“这是制造人工智能计算机的唯一途径”；B选项“这是他们赢得人工智能研究奖的唯一途径”；C选项“计算机科学中唯一值得学习的领域”；D选项“他们在城里唯一想玩的游戏”。第四段最后一句：Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.（但如果这是真的，那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴们的努力可能会成为（））然后定位到第三段最后一句：Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills（他（康拉德）声称，建造人工智能设备的最好方法是围绕同样的分子技术来建造），从这里可以看出来康拉德另辟蹊径的目的是为了建造人工智能，如果康拉德及其团队的道路是正确的话那么这会是通往城市唯一的游戏，由此可以推测通往城市的唯一游戏是指建造人工智能唯一的方法，所以A选项正确，其他选项不符合题意。

12.单选题

Thevirusisusuallyblood-borneandmay______almostanyorganinthebody.

问题1选项

A.patronize

B.infect

C.engrave

D.enroll

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项patronize“屈尊对待；赞助”；B选项infect“感染”；C选项engrave“在……上雕刻（字或图案）”；D选项enroll“注册”。句意：这种病毒通常是血液传播的，可以______几乎身体的任何器官。横线处和organ“器官”形成动宾关系，病毒感染身体，B选项infect“感染”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

问题1选项

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：现有数据表明，尽管恐惧和攻击之间有（）状态存在，但是恐惧和攻击无论是从心理角度还是生理角度来看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同时的，联立的；exceptional异常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏爱的，不公平的；transitional变迁的，过渡。D选项“过渡”状态符合句意。

14.问答题

(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths；inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator，”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(动脉硬化).

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.

2：Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.

3：Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.

15.单选题

Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.

Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.

InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.

AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.

Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.

1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.

4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.

B.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothink

C.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.

D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.

问题2选项

A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.

B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.

C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.

D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.

问题3选项

A.thosewhomakenogestures

B.thosewhogesturecorrectly

C.thosewhogesturewrongly

D.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly

问题4选项

A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.

B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

C.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturing

D.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题目提问‘为什么SusanGoldin-Meadow要进行这样的研究?’根据文章第一段第三句与第四句的“Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis.研究认为手势不仅能帮助人们进行交流，而且还帮助他们去思考。她打算通过实验来证明这些研究”确定C选项‘测试手势帮助人们进行交流和思考‘正确。A选项’测试手势仅仅帮助人们进行交流‘、B选项‘测试仅仅帮助人们进行思考‘只提及了一部分，不正确；D选项’测试手势帮助人们进行交流而不进行思考‘与原文不符。

2.推断题。题目提问‘我们能从第一段推断出什么?’A选项‘人类语言是无止境的科学研究的主题’是第一段中直接提出的，不是推断出的，排除；B选项‘意大利人表示无语的方式是手腕放在—起’与文中的“ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether.人们有时开玩笑说，让意大利人闭嘴的方法是将他们的手腕绑在一起’意思不符，排除；C选项‘在交谈的时候都会做出一些意义丰富的手势’与“almosteveryone几乎所有人”不符排除；根据文章第一段第一句“Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.人类语言一直是科学研究的主题，但伴随语言而来的手势却出人意料地被忽视了。”推断出D选项‘对伴随讲话的手势研究还不尽人意‘正确。

3.细节题。题目提问‘根据苏珊的研究，学到最少的小孩可能是……。’根据文中倒数第二段最后两句“itwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly”stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.研究发现手势正确的小孩学到的最多。但是也发现手势不正确的小孩学到的仍然比没有使用手势的小孩多”确定A选项‘没有做手势的那些小孩’正确。

4.细节题。题目提问‘这篇文章的最后一句话可能是指……。’根据文章最后一句“Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.的确，它是如此发人深省，以至于即使是错误的姿态也有一定的价值。”确定B选项‘正确的和错误的手势都能激励学习’正确。

16.不定项选择题

Muchoftheworld’selectronicwasteisbeingshippedtoChinaforrecyclingandthecottageindustrythathassprunguptheretorecoverusablematerialsfromcomputers,cellphones,televisionsandothergoodsmaybecreatingsignificanthealthandenvironmentalhazards.ScientistsfromChinaandtheUnitedStateshaveidentifiednumeroustoxicelementsintheemissionsfromane-wasterecyclingworkshopinsouthernChina,whichuseslow-techmethodstoseparatereusableelectroniccomponentsfromthecircuitboards.Itisnotanisolatedcase,thescientistspointout:suchmethodsareusedalloverChina.

ResultsoftheirstudyhavebeenpublishedintheJournalAtmosphericEnvironment.

“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity,”saidBerndR.T.Simoneit,aretiredprofessoratOregonStateUniverseandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination.Forexample,previousstudieshavefoundcarcinogens（致癌物）inwind-carrieddustfromAsia.”

Simoneitisawidelypublishedscientistwhohasbeeninvolvedinnumerousstudiesidentifyingchemical“signatures”foremissions,includingcoalsmoke,biomassburning,petroleum-basedfuelsandeventheburningofmunicipalrefuse.Byusingmassspectrometers（质谱仪）andothersophisticatedinstrumentation,theresearcherscanpinpointthecontributionsofspecificemissionstotheatmosphere.

TheirworkinChinawasconductedinShantouCity,atownof150,000peoplelocatedinsouthernChina’sGuangdongProvince.Theycollectedsamplesduringfourworkingdays,whenworkerswereremovingtheelectroniccomponentsbyheatingthecircuitboardsovergrillsonstovesburningcoalbriquettes（煤块）.

Theworkshophad24stovesalongthreewalls,andanestimatedfivetonsofcircuitboardsstackedalongthefourthwallforprocessing.Workerswouldusethegrillstomeltthesolder,andthenremovereusableportionsofthecircuitry.

TheresearchteamincludedfiveChinesescientistsandSimoneit,whohasdualappointmentsinOSU’sCollegeofOceanicandAtmosphericSciencesandtheDepartmentofChemistry.Theresearchersfoundthatthroughthis“roastingprocess”,numerousorganicchemicals,heavymetals,flameretardantandpersistentorganicpollutantswereemittedintotheairviathesmoke.Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards“isunmistakable.”

“Thenextstepistoseetowhatextentthisisharmingtheenvironmentandcreatingahealthhazardforboththeworkers,andpeoplelivinginthepathoftheemissions—eitherthroughinhalation,orexposuretotheskin,”Simoneitsaid.“Someofthesechemicalcompoundsmaybecarcinogens;othersmaybejustasharmfulbecametheycanactas‘environmentaldisruptors’,andmayaffectbodyprocessesfromreproductiontoendocrine（内分泌的，激素的）function.”

TheChineseauthorsofthestudyareaffiliatedwiththeChineseAcademyofSciencesandincludeleadauthorXinliuiBi,withZhenZhenWang,XinmingWang,GuoyingShengandJiamoFu.

SimoneitalsoisworkingwithscientistsinIndiatoidentifychemicalsignaturesfromtheburningofwireandothermaterials,whichisdonetorecyclecopperandotherminerals.AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop“greenchemistry”methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

2.Thethirdparagraphindicates（）.

3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph7isclosestto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthelastsentence（）.

5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Chinarecyclesthelargestamountofthee-wasteintheworld

B.notonlyAsiabutalsootherplacesintheworldareinfluencedbythedevelopmentofsuchindustryinanegativeway

C.theburningofthee-wasteisbadforpeople’shealth

D.theburningofthee-wasteisbadfortheenvironment

问题2选项

A.thatsuchworkshopscanonlydogreatharmtothelocalpeople

B.thatsuchworkshopscandogreatharmtoboththelocalpeopleandpeopleinotherplaces

C.thatsuchworkshopscanimmediatelyinfluencepeople’slives

D.thatpeopleinAsiacanbeinfectedwithcancer

问题3选项

A.plain

B.likely

C.undoubted

D.surely

问题4选项

A.thatscientistshavebeenworkingveryhardtosolvetheprobleminSaudiArabia

B.thatthescientisthelpstheproductionofmethaneinSaudiArabia

C.thattheprobleminSaudiArabiaisdifferentfromthatoftheothercountries

D.thattheseeminglyuselesswastecanbeturnedintousefulenergy

问题5选项

A.TheworkshopinShantoucityispoorlyequippedforrecyclingthee-waste.

B.The“roastingprocess”mayproducealargeamountofharmfulpollutants.

C.Chinahasbeensounderdevelopedthatpeopleusesolow-techmethodstodealwithe-wastes.

D.Peoplemaygetharmedeitherbybreathingthepollutedairorbyexposingtheirskintoit.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由本题题干可定位到第三段，由教授和研究者的话“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity”，“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination”（最紧迫的问题是工人和城市居民的健康，但这也可能是造成全球污染的原因之一）可知不仅仅是亚洲，全球很多地区都受到了负面影响。A选项“中国是世界上回收电子垃圾最多的国家”在文中没有依据；C选项“燃烧电子垃圾对人们的健康有害”、D选项“燃烧电子垃圾对环境有害”说法是正确的，但不是文章的大意，不能概括燃烧电子垃圾的全部负面影响。因此B选项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。由本题题干可定位到第三段“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity”，“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination”（最紧迫的问题是工人和城市居民的健康，但这也可能是造成全球污染的原因之一）可知不仅仅是对当地的居民有影响，甚至对全球其他地方也造成了不好的影响，所以这种产业对当地和其他地方的人都有很大的危害。A选项“这种产业只会对当地人民造成极大的伤害”说法错误，还对全球其他地方的人也造成了伤害；C选项“这种产业可以立即影响人们的生活”说法错误，“立即”过于绝对；D选项“亚洲人可能会感染癌症”与第三段的内容无关。因此B选项正确。

第3题:语义推测题。由题干关键词“unmistakable”定位到第七段最后一句话“Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards‘isunmistakable’”（这种烘烤或烘烤电路板的过程所产生的化学特征是不会弄错的）可知划线单词表示的是肯定的意思。unmistakable“明显的；不会弄错的”；A选项plain“简单的；朴素的”；B选项likely“很可能的；合适的；有希望的”，代表可能性，但不十分确定；C选项undoubted“无疑的；确信的”；D选项surely“当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”为副词，划线处为形容词，所以排除。因此C选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。由题干定位本文最后一句话“AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop‘greenchemistry’methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane”（他还在沙特阿拉伯从事另一个问题的研究——开发“绿色化学”方法，回收该国大量城市垃圾产生甲烷）可知，另一个问题即表示沙特阿拉伯的问题是与其他地区的问题不同的；A选项“科学家们一直在努力解决沙特阿拉伯的这个问题”，科学家在从事研究