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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe()betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemma“困境;进退两难”;paradox“悖论”;junction“连接”;premise“前提,假定”。根据betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家长是在这两种做法为难,因此选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat().

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean().

3.Accordingtotheauthor().

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge().

6.“Braindrain”means().

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain().

问题1选项

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

问题2选项

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

问题3选项

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

问题4选项

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

问题5选项

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

问题6选项

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

问题7选项

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知,本段讲述的是两个很穷的年轻人找到有前途的工作后再结婚,偿清债务后,过上了幸福的生活。作者意在说明即使是婚姻也与金钱密切相关。所以选项D正确。

2.根据下一句的举例:如果我们买一台新电视机,琼斯家的人一定会买一台更大更好的。如果我们买一辆新车,我们可以肯定琼斯会得到一辆更好的。由此可以推断“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,选项C符合原文。

3.根据最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者认为现在的金钱对于人们来说似乎极其重要,选项A正确。

4.结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲的是物欲横流的世界中人们以及社会的现状,人们今天唯一感兴趣的是赚更多的钱,选项B最能概括全文,所以正确。

5.根据最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”现在越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了知识本身而学习知识,更多是为了以后能拿高工资。由此可以推断,过去人们学习是为了自己的利益,而不是为了赚钱,所以选项B正确。

6.根据下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出价最高者提供服务的过程。选项C符合原文。

7.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.”“人才流失”使得较富裕的国家剥夺了较贫穷的邻国最有能力的公民。选项B正确。

3.单选题

Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey().

12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby().

13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould().

问题1选项

A.sleepinthreedistinctparts

B.havemanyfiveminutenap

C.sleepinonelongblock

D.takeoneortwonapsdaily

问题2选项

A.itsgenes

B.itshabit

C.itsmentalstate

D.itsphysicalcondition

问题3选项

A.takesomerefreshment

B.gotobedearly

C.havealongrest

D.giveittosleep

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:

第2题:

第3题:

4.单选题

Any(

)futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.

问题1选项

A.reflexive

B.viable

C.familial

D.secular

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项reflexive“反身的;反射性的”;B选项viable“可行的;能养活的”;C选项familial“家族的;家庭的;遗传的”;D选项secular“世俗的;长期的;不朽的”句意:任何……的未来的宗教都要重视现代自然和人文科学的重大发现对它的影响。由句意可知句中应表示“长久存在的宗教”,因此D选项符合题意。

5.不定项选择题

Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworkers’lifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,thevarietyisnotanimportantfactor.

Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanlargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisthedegreeofworkers’contributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.

Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.

1.Whichofthesepossiblefactorsleadingtogreaterproductivityisnottrue?

2.Whydoworkerswantmoremoney?

3.Thelastsentenceinthispassagemeansthatifwesucceedinmakingworkers’jobsmoreinteresting,().

4.Inthispassage,theauthortellsus().

5.Theauthorofthispassageisprobablybya().

问题1选项

A.Tomakejobsmorevaried.

B.Demandsforlongerworkinghours.

C.Degreeofworkcontribution.

D.Togivetheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownway.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheirjobsaretooboring.

B.Inordertoenjoymoresparetime.

C.Tomaketheirjobsmoreinteresting.

D.Todemandshorterworkinghours.

问题3选项

A.theywillwantmoremoney

B.theywilldemandshorterworkinghours

C.moremoneyandshorterworkinghoursareimportantfactors

D.moremoneyandshorterworkinghourswillnotbesoimportanttothem

问题4选项

A.howtomaketheworkersmoreproductive

B.toacertainextentmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity

C.possiblefactorsleadingtogreaterefficiency

D.howtomakeworkers’jobsmoreinteresting

问题5选项

A.teacher

B.manager

C.worker

D.physicist

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried(近年来,世界上许多国家都面临着如何提高其工人生产力的问题。一些专家称,解决之道是让工作多样化)可知A选项“使工作更加多样化”是有可能导致生产力提高;根据原文第二段Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking(另一个重要的考虑因素是每个工人为他所生产的产品贡献了多少)可知C选项“工作贡献程度”有可能导致生产力提高;根据原文第二段第一句Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue(其他专家认为,给工人以他自己的方式做他的工作的自由是重要的,这是毫无疑问的事实)可知D选项“给工人以他自己的方式做他的工作的自由”有可能导致生产力提高;B选项“对更长工作时间的要求”在文章内没有提及,因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段第三句Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring(但也许他们想要更多的钱只是因为他们的工作太无聊了)可知A选项“因为他们的工作太无聊了”正确;根据第三段第四句Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours(金钱只是让他们更享受他们的业余时间。类似的论点可以解释对更短工作时间的要求)可知,题目问的是为什么工人想要更多的钱,这是因为工作太无聊了,拥有更多的钱之后可以享受更多的业余时间,更多的业余时间并不是工人想要更多的钱的直接原因,B选项“为了享受更多的业余时间”逻辑关系错误以及D选项“要求缩短工作时间”错误;根据第三段最后一句Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem(也许如果我们成功地使他们的工作更有趣,他们就不会想要更多的钱,缩短工作时间对他们来说也不会如此重要)可知C选项“让他们的工作更有趣”错误;因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段最后一句Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem(也许如果我们成功地使他们的工作更有趣,他们就不会想要更多的钱,缩短工作时间对他们来说也不会如此重要)可知D选项“更多的钱和更短的工作时间对他们来说不会那么重要”正确以及A选项“他们会想要更多的钱”、B选项“他们将要求缩短工作时间”和C选项“更多的钱和更短的工作时间是重要的因素”错误;因此D选项符合题意。

第4题:主旨大意题。文章围绕可能导致更高工作效率的因素展开,根据第一段Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive(近年来,世界上许多国家都面临着如何提高其工人生产力的问题)可知C选项“导致更高效率的可能的因素”符合题意,A选项“如何使工人更有生产力”、B选项“在某种程度上,更多的钱导致更高的生产力”和D选项“如何使工人的工作更有趣”均只讲了“导致更高工作效率的因素”的其中一面,因此不足以概括全文。

第5题:推理判断题。A选项“教师;导师”;B选项“经理;管理人员”;C选项“工人,劳动者;职蚁”;D选项“物理学家;唯物论者”;本文的主旨围绕着提高工人生产力的因素展开,提高工人工作效率一般是管理层所需要考虑的;因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhensixteenpeoplearrive(

)fordinner.

问题1选项

A.unusually

B.excessively

C.unexpectedly

D.consequently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。unusually意为“非常,特别地”;excessively意为“过渡地”;unexpectedly意为“未料到地,意外地”;consequently意为“所以,因此”。

句意:我一点儿不介意你带你的朋友来喝一杯,但意外地带来十六个人来吃晚饭就有点太多了。

7.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated()in-

steadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意:船的发电机出了故障,所以得()操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地;B选项artificially人为地;C选项automatically自动地;D选项synthetically综合地,A选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

问题1选项

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”;successively“相继地”;predominantly“主要地;显著地”;preliminarily“初步地”。句意:起初,该公司拒绝购买设备,但这一决定……被修改了。根据句意选用“后来”更合适,因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto()ofthebody.

问题1选项

A.dispense

B.dispose

C.discard

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispense“分配,分发”;C选项discard“丢弃,抛弃”;D选项discharge“卸货,放出”。句意:因为天亮了人们开始去上班,所以凶手无法处理尸体。此外,dispose与of为固定搭配,意思是“处置,处理”。所以只有B选项符合。

10.单选题

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite(

)tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

问题1选项

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas“海外的,国外的”;B选项abroad“在国外”;C选项foreign“外国的,陌生的”;D选项offshore“近海的’;句意是‘主语theideaofhealthinsurance医疗保险’这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是…,C选项符合句意,正确。

11.单选题

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______,andtherefore____externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

问题1选项

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned“有学问的”;innate“与生俱来的”;intricate“复杂的,错综的”;specific“明确的,详细的”。immuneto“不受……影响的”;unaffectedby“不受影响的”;belongto“属于”;confusedwith“对……困惑”。句意:一些动物的行为,比如交配行为,似乎是与生俱来的,不受外来因素影响的,比如气候变化,食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。

12.翻译题

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不开心就像一种传染病。它使人们对不快乐的人敬而远之。不快乐的人很快就会发觉自己既孤独又悲惨,充满怨恨。但是,有一种乍一看似乎荒谬可笑,实际却非常简单的治愈方法,那就是:如果你不快乐,那就假装快乐吧!

这个办法的确行之有效。不久你就会发现,你不再排斥别人,而是开始吸引他们。你会发现被越来越多善意的人们包围的感觉是多么的值得!

于是,假装的变成了真实的。一旦快乐被认为是一种责任并成为一种习惯,它就会向我们敞开一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花园的大门。

13.翻译题

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

AllthesignsarethatBritainiscavinginonthethreeissuesinthefirstphaseoftheBrexit(BritishexitEU)talks.TheresaMaywastoldshehadtoyieldbynextweektopersuadetheEuropeanUnionsummitonDecember14th-15thtoagreethattherehadbeensufficientprogresstobegintalksontransitionandafuturetradeframework.TheprimeministerhasdulymadebigconcessionsontherightsofEUcitizensinBritainandontheexitbill,perhapsenoughtopassthetest.Thereevenseemstobesomemovementonthetrickiestissueofall,howtoavoidahardborderbetweenNorthernIrelandandtheRepublic,makingaDecemberdealmorelikely—butstillnotcertain.

(36)Yetbehindthegoodnewlurksapersistentanddangerousthreat.ThemorethatMrs.Mayyields,themoresomeBrexiteersarguethatBritainshouldleaveonMarch29th2019withoutanydealatall.Evenifshewinsagreementtomovetophasetwoofthetalks,thelureofnodealwillnotdisappear.Brexiteershatetheconcessionsthatarebeingmadeinphaseone,especiallyovermoney.Andtradebuffsareunitedinpredictingthatthephasetwocouldproveevenmorepainful,withtheEUstickingtoarigidlineontradeterms.

(37)Evenso,mostpeopleseeBrexitwithnodealasadisastertobeavoidedatalmostanycost.Yettheideakeepsreturning,intwoguises.Thefirstistactical.Inanynegotiation,itissaid,onemustbewillingtowalkawaytogetagooddeal.ManyBrexiteersfaultDavidCameron,Mrs.May’spredecessor,formakingclearinhisrenegotiationofBritain’sEUmembershipbeforethereferendumthathewouldcampaigntostaynomatterwhatMrs.Maystillsaysnodealisbetterthanabaddeal.Brexiteerswerecock-a-hoopwhenthechancellor,PhillipHammond,setaside£3bn($3.6bn)forBrexitpreparations,includingfornodeal,inhisNovemberbudget.

(38)Thesecondguiseistheassertionthatnodealwouldnotreallybesobad.InsteadofpursuingthechimeraofagenerousfreetradedealwithacurmudgeonlyEU,BritaincouldreverttotradingonWorldTradeOrganizationterms(nevermindthatthiswouldnotbesimple).DavidDavis,theBrexitsecretary,saysnodealactuallymeansa“bare-bones”deal.Onthisbasis,thereisnoseriousriskthataircraftstopflyingornuclearmaterialsarenolongerimported.Rationalpeopleonbothsidescanseehowdamagingthiswouldbetoall,sotheywillpreventit.

Yetthisideaofa“soft”nodealisnotpersuasive.Ano-dealBrexitwoulddamageotherEUcountries,buthitBritainharder.(39)Anditdefiespoliticallogictothinkthatadecisiontowalkoutwithnodealcanbeharmonious.Itwouldmeannotpayingtheexitbill.ItwouldjeopardizethepositionofEUcitizensinBritain.AnditwoulddashhopesofthedeepnewpartnershipthatMrs.Maysaysshewants.Amidtherecriminationsandbadblood,theEUwouldsurelylooktoitsowninterestsfirst.

BrexiteersoftenforgetthattheEUisalegalasmuchasapoliticalconstruct.IfBritainleftwithnodealandnotransition,itwouldfalloutofallEUorganizations,fromEuratomtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgency(EMA).TheEuropeanCourtofJustice(ECJ)wouldlosejurisdiction.EvenifallsideswantedBritaintostayinsuchbodies,itmightnotbelegallypossible.

(40)OxfordEconomicshasmodelledtheeffectsofBrexitwithnodealandsaysthatitwouldlopacumulative2%offBritain’sGDPbytheendof2020,equivalenttosome£40bn.ThatisfarbiggerthantheimpactonotherEUcountries.Beforethereferendum,theTreasuryforecastevenbiggerlossesofoutput.Suchnumbersareespeciallydauntingwhenannualgrowthforecastsforthenextfewyearshavejustbeentrimmedtoaslittleas1.3%.

【答案】36.然而,在这良好新局势的背后隐藏着持久而危险的威胁。特蕾莎•梅越是屈服,一些英国脱欧支持者就越争辩说英国应该在2019年3月29日无协议脱欧。即使她赢得准许进入第二阶段谈判的协议,但无协议的诱惑也不会消失。英国脱欧支持者讨厌在第一阶段做出的让步,尤其是在金钱方面。贸易爱好者一致预测,由于欧盟在贸易条件上坚持的强硬态度,第二阶段可能会更加艰难。

37.即便如此,大部分人认为英国无协议脱欧是一场灾难,应该几乎不惜一切代价避免。然而,这种看法一直受到两种形式的反击。首先是战术上的。通常来说,在任何谈判中,一方必须愿意离开以达成良好交易。许多英国脱欧支持者指责戴维•卡梅伦(特蕾莎•梅的前任),因为在公投前就英国的欧盟成员国资格重新谈判时,他明确表示无论梅说什么,无协议总比糟糕的协议好,他都会努力争取留在欧盟。

38.第二种是断定无协议不会真的那么糟糕。英国可以回归到按照世贸组织的条款进行交易(尽管这不简单),而不是争取和一个吝啬的欧盟达成慷慨的自由贸易协议。英国“脱欧”事务大臣大卫戴维斯表示,无协议实际上意味着“降到最低限度的”协议。基于此,不存在飞机停飞或不再进口核材料的严重风险。

39.如果英国可以没有争端地无协议退出欧盟,这就有违政治逻辑。这意味着不赔偿就退出,会降低欧盟公民在英国的地位,也会破坏特蕾莎•梅所希望的和新伙伴的亲密关系。在相互指责和嫌隙中,欧盟肯定会首先考虑自己的利益。

40.牛津经济研究院模拟了英国无协议脱欧的影响,称到2020年底,英国国内生产总值将累计减少2%,相当于约400亿英镑。这比对其他欧盟国家的影响要大得多。在公投前,财政部预测产量损失甚至更大。未来几年的年度增长预测下调至1.3%,这令人尤为畏惧。

14.单选题

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe______ofhislife.

问题1选项

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项torch“火把、火炬”;B项torment“折磨、痛苦”;C项topic“主题”;D项topper“第一流人物、大礼帽”;句意:虽然他很有钱,但他那些不孝顺的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此该题B项正确。

15.单选题

Nowresearchersaredirectingmoreattentiontothesocialandculturalimpetusthatpropelleduniversitygraduatesintocareersinmanagement.

问题1选项

A.implication

B.propaganda

C.impulse

D.benefit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如今研究人员正将更多的注意力转向推动大学毕业生进入管理行业的社会和文化……。implication“含义,暗示”;propaganda“宣传”;impulse“推动力,刺激”;benefit“好处,利益”。根据“propel”(推进;推动)可推测划线单词的意思是“推动力”,选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Assoonasshearrivedhomefromthestore,shefoundshe______anurgentlyneededarticleontheshoppinglist.

问题1选项

A.leftoff

B.leftout

C.letout

D.madeup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项leftoff“停止,中断”,B项leftout“忽视,不考虑”,C项letout“放出,泄露”,D项makeup“编造,化妆”。根据句子意思“她从商店一到家,就发现购物单上有一件急需的物品……”可推断,空格处应该表示“忘记买”的意思,四个选项中只有B选项能表达出句子的意思。句意:她从商店一到家,就发现购物单上漏掉了一件急需的东西。因此,该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Afuturedoctorshouldhaveagenuinedesiretohelppeople.Heorshemustdevelopgoodstudyhabitstocompletetheyearsofarduousschoolingahead.

问题1选项

A.strict

B.unusual

C.enduring

D.laborious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。arduous表示“努力的,费力的,险峻的”;A项strict“严格的,绝对的,精确的”,B项unusual“不寻常的,与众不同的”,C项enduring“持久的,能忍受的”,D项laborious“艰苦的,费劲的,勤劳的”。句意:一个未来的医生应该有帮助别人的真诚愿望;他或她必须养成良好的学习习惯,以完成今后几年的艰苦学习。因此,根据句意可知D选项正确。

18.单选题

Theworld(

)credittoPrinceHenry,knownasHenrytheNavigator,forthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.

问题1选项

A.owes

B.pays

C.admits

D.gains

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。owecreditto表示“感激,归功于”。句意为:世界应感谢被称为“航海家亨利”的亨利王子,原因是他发展了海船技术,使远洋航行成为可能。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy,emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.

1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause().

2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?

3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?

4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”().

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?

6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis().

问题1选项

A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerism

B.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoods

C.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivity

D.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods

问题2选项

A.Thepursuitofvanity.

B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.

C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.

D.Thefulfillmentofambition.

问题3选项

A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.

B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.

C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.

D.Themoreonepossesses,thehigherpositionhewillhave.

问题4选项

A.meansmorepositivelynow

B.hastotallydifferentmeaningnow

C.hasbeenfullytakenadvantageof

D.canembodyabetterself

问题5选项

A.Thefeelingthatforcesustopreventotherspossessingthegoods.

B.Thefeelingthatmakesustrytoobtainthegoodsoftheother.

C.Astrongdesireforwhatotherspossess.

D.Anyoftheabove-mentionedfeelings.

问题6选项

A.moralization

B.competitiveness

C.vanity

D.passion

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在资本主义依赖于它创造和增加稀缺的能力,在很大程度上依赖于无处不在的嫉妒(Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy),通过嫉妒几乎所有的商品都可能转化成令人向往的商品(Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness),由此可知嫉妒能够促使人们去拥有更多更好的商品,因此选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到只要人们渴望别人渴望的东西,我们生活中稀缺的商品就不会有止境,这样我们的经济就能得以运转(Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning),因此选项A”追求虚荣”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第二段第三句话提到海报、公告和电视广告像我们展示了令人嫉妒的人拥有我们没有的但需要有的东西,通过拥有这些东西可以获得幸福(Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness),因此选项B”得到广告中的东西就能得到幸福”就是广告给消费者带来的幻觉。

4.判断推理题。文章倒数第二段提到嫉妒似乎失去了它传统的坏名声,越来越多的广告直接提到嫉妒,使他们的商品更受欢迎,其中一个著名的例子就是意大利Gucci公司生产的一款名为”Envy”的香水。由此可知越来越多的广告直接将这个词当成了卖点,因此选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章中广告利用的嫉妒心与传统意义上的坏的嫉妒是不一样的,广告利用的嫉妒心是指你受人嫉妒的不仅是你所拥有的东西,还有这个东西所代表的自我(youwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance),因此除此之外的嫉妒都可算作badenvy。因此选项D符合题意。

6.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到激情(嫉妒)把一个怯弱的、无所事事的世外桃源变成了一种繁荣的文化,他称其为”嫉妒的、攀比的虚荣”,使得嫉妒与模仿之间没有明确的界限(WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulation),因此选项D符合题意。

20.单选题

Isthishappeninginyourne

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