考研考博-英语-右江民族医学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-右江民族医学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

FirefighterswerenotattackingthemajorfiresinVirginiadirectlybutwereputtingouthotspotsthatcouldprovedangerousifwinds().

问题1选项

A.pickedup

B.pickedout

C.pickedthrough

D.pickedin

【答案】A

【解析】pickup捡起，获得，收拾；pickout挑选出；pick不与through和in搭配。句意：消防队员没有直接扑灭维吉尼亚州的大火，而是正在扑灭一些如果被风吹到可能会变得很危险的热点地区。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Hegotafteryoutochangeyourmind,didn'the?

问题1选项

A.wanted

B.urged

C.persuaded

D.forced

【答案】B

【解析】getafter攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。

3.填空题

YesterdayIgavemymother（1）orangesweaterfor（2）birthday.

句意:昨天，我送了一件橘色的羊毛衫给我妈妈做生日礼物。

【答案】1.an

2.her

【解析】1.语法题。考查不定冠词。这里表示“送了一件橘色的羊毛衫”,此处应填一个不定冠词。orange的发音为元音开始，故应该选不定冠词an。

2.语法题。考查人称代词所有格。这里填her表示“她的”。

4.填空题

Animalbehaviorwasstudiedasadisciplineonitsown,andhumanbehaviorwasstudiedsimilarlyin

relativelyisolation.However,behavioraltraitsinanimalsandinhumansmayundercertain

circumstanceshaveprofoundeffectson

A

B

C

breedingpatternsandmateselection.

D

【答案】Brelatively改为relative

【解析】【考查点】定语。

【解题思路】在B部分中，isolation“孤立状态”是名词，应该用形容词作为定语修饰名词，所以此处应为relative“相比较而言的”。

【句意】动物行为是作为一门独立的学科来研究的，人类行为也是在相对孤立的环境中研究的。然而，在某些情况下，动物和人类的行为特征可能会对繁殖模式和配偶选择产生深远的影响。

5.单选题

Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(讽刺性地)，thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).

1.Theword“pinpoint”(Para.1，Line3)basicallymeans（

）.

2.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger’ssuggestionsthat（

）.

4.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor’sopinion,are（

）

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.appreciate

B.obtain

C.interpret

D.identify

问题2选项

A.Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.

B.Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.

C.Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.

D.Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople’spersonality.

问题3选项

A.Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.

B.inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly-

C.thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.

D.face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson

问题4选项

A.personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwith

B.barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywith

C.assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatements

D.thingspeopleshouldguardagainst

问题5选项

A.togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasions

B.toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeople

C.tocallthereader’sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople’scharacters

D.todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据上下文可推断pinpoint的意思与perceive“了解，认知”相似。第一段提到pinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters深入内心确定他的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格。所以选项D符合题意。

2.第一段最后一句wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance提到人们常常以为短短几秒钟就能够了解他人，然而事实却远非这样，这显然是低估了了解他人的难度。所以选项B符合题意。

3.Berger建议了几种了解他人的方法，但是仅从一个方面去了解他人是行不通的，因为大部分人都在不断改，而我们用来获得信息的这些方法不够精确（gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise），选项A符合题意。

4.文章最后一句话提到对于建议一段良好的人际关系而言，他人的秘密和欺骗与他人的自我表露和实话一样重要，这非常具有讽刺意味。选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要讨论了了解他人的不同方面，如：识人的困难、方法及隐瞒和欺骗的积极方面等。所以选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

“Family”isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof“family”initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.Thus,everyBritishmarriageindicatesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily—hencethetremendousimportanceofmarriageinBritishlife.

Forboththemanandthewoman,marriagemeansleavingone’sparentsandstartingone’sownlife.Theman’sfirstdutywillthenbetohiswife,andthewife’stoherhusband.Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.Theirchildrenwillbetheircommonresponsibilityandtheirsalone.Neitherthewife’sparentsnorthehusband’s,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.

ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudicewillknowthatinformertimesmarriageamongwealthyfamilieswasarrangedbythegirl’sparents,thatis,itwastheparents,dutytofindasuitablehusbandfortheirdaughter,preferablyarichone,andbyskillfulencouragementtoleadhimeventuallytoasktheirpermissiontomarryher.Untilthattime,thegirlwasprotectedandmaintainedintheparents’home,andthefinancialreliefofgettingridofhercouldbeseenintheirgivingthenewlymarriedpairasumofmoneycalledadowry（嫁妆）.Itisverydifferenttoday.Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults:agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Familyisofcourseanelasticword”？

2.ForanEnglishfamily,thehusband’sdutyis（）.

3.Everythingisdecidedinafamily（）.

4.WhatistrueconcerningthebookPrideandPrejudice?

5.WithregardtomarriageinBritain,present-daygirlsdifferfromformertimegirlsin（）.

问题1选项

A.Differentfamilieshavedifferentwaysoflife.

B.Differentdefinitionscouldbegiventotheword.

C.Differentnationshavedifferentfamilies.

D.Differenttimesproducedifferentfamilies.

问题2选项

A.supportingthefamilywhilethewifeisfinancial

B.defendingthefamilywhilethewifeisrunningthehome

C.financialwhilethewifeisrunningthehome

D.independentwhilethewifeisdependent

问题3选项

A.bythecouple

B.withthehelpoftheirparents

C.bybrothersandsisters

D.withthehelpofauntsanduncles

问题4选项

A.Itisthebestbookonmarriage.

B.Itisahandbookofmarriage.

C.ItgivesquitesomeideaofEnglishsociallifeinthepast.

D.Itprovidesalotofinformationofformertimewealthyfamilies.

问题5选项

A.therighttomarry

B.moreparentalsupport

C.choosinghusbands

D.socialposition

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由第一段““Family”isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof“family”initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.“家庭”当然是一个有弹性的词。但是，当英国人说他们的社会是建立在家庭生活的基础上时，他们所想到的“家庭”是一种狭隘的、具有欧洲特色的意识，即母亲、父亲和孩子作为一个经济和社会单位独自生活在自己的房子里。”可知英国人对于家庭的定义比较狭隘，因此第一句提到的“家庭是一个有弹性的词”说的是家庭可以由许多不同的定义。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.他将完全负责她的经济支持，而她将负责组建新家。”可知在英国家庭，丈夫的职责是挣钱养家。故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Neitherthewife’sparentsnorthehusband’s,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.妻子的父母、丈夫的父母、兄弟姐妹、叔叔阿姨都没有权利干涉他们——他们是自己的主人。”可知家庭的一切都是由夫妻做主。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段“ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudicewillknowthatinformertimesmarriageamongwealthyfamilieswasarrangedbythegirl’sparents,读过简•奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》等小说的人都知道，在过去，富裕家庭的婚姻都是由女孩的父母包办的”可知这本书主要讲述了富裕家庭的女孩的婚姻故事。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults:agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.今天的大多数女孩在离开学校后就找到了工作，在结婚前就在经济上独立了。这导致了两个结果：女孩选择自己的丈夫，而她得不到嫁妆。”可知当今的女性经济独立了，能够自己选择丈夫，故C项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

7.单选题

（

）everdevelopedwascelluloid,acombinationofnaturalcamphorandcellulosenitrate.

问题1选项

A.Thefirstplasticand

B.Beingthefirstplastic

C.Thefirstplastic

D.Itwasthefirstplastic

【答案】C

【解析】考查主语。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词was，缺少主语，因此选C。

句意：首先开发的是赛璐珞，一种天然樟脑和硝酸纤维素的混合物。

8.写作题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【参考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

9.单选题

Censorship,awordthatseemstobe（）quitecontroversyovercertainpeople,maynotbesuchabadidea.

问题1选项

A.arguing

B.attacking

C.causing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知这里指引发争议，选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

问题1选项

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Following

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项prior“先前的，优先的”，B项before“之前”，C项preceding“在……之前，在前的”，D项following“其次的，接着的”。根据句子可知，priorto固定搭配，表示“在……之前”。句意：独立战争之前，美国是英国的殖民地。因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

Whatgoesoninthemindofaone-year-oldchildisanyone’sguess.

问题1选项

A.unknown

B.whatanybodycanguess?

C.knowntoall

D.nothingnew

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。anyone’sguess表示“任何人的猜测”；A项unknown“不知道的”，B项whatanybodycanguess?“大家能猜出什么？”，C项knowntoall“人尽皆知”，D项nothingnew“屡见不鲜，了无新意”。句意：谁都不知道一个一岁的孩子在想什么。根据句意可知，anyone’sguess在句子中表示“谁也不知道”；故该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Thegovernment（

）amasscampaigntowipeoutmalariainthisarea.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.participated

C.modified

D.comprised

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“发起，创始”；B选项participate“参与，参加”；C选项modify“修改，修饰”；D选项comprise“包含；由……组成”。根据关键词“government政府”和“campaign运动，大型活动”，“towipeoutmalaria”不定式短语表示目的“消灭疟疾”，可知这里填入的动词意思应该是“发动，发起”，句意为：政府在这一地区发动了一场消灭疟疾的运动。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Iamsureyouwouldhaveseenherifyou（

）thatevening.

问题1选项

A.hadturnedout

B.hadturnedon

C.hadturnedin

D.hadturnedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turnout“结果是”；turnon“打开”；turnin“交上”；turnup“出现”。句意：我确信如果你那天晚上出现的话肯定能够看到她。选项D符合题意。

14.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放纵、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一个问题越发常见：沉寂多年的通货膨胀，会否在2016年突然爆发。毕竟，自从2007年以来，拖累经济发展的债务问题正在消退；美国、英国和德国的劳动力市场日趋紧张；房地产市场正蓄势待发；最近美联储近十年来第一次提高利率。

37.如果发达国家的债务不再是一个问题，那就会隐现在新兴市场，过度借贷迫使价格下降而导致生产力过剩。巴西等商品出口国出现了通货膨胀，货币已经贬值。但是全球通货膨胀是部分发达国家的瓶颈期和新兴市场的输入型通货紧缩之间的拉锯战，而持久的价格下跌或停滞看来还会持续一段时间。

38.事实证明，这是一个代价高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油卖85美元才能支撑公共支出，需要卖60美元才能维持收支平衡。然而，最近油价在回升之前跌破36美元，创11年新低。

39.如果生产力持续疲软，失业率可能会进一步下降。与此同时，新兴市场的缓慢增长可能会给大宗商品价格和货币带来下行压力。强势美元已在美国制造业和服务业之间造成了裂痕。进一步升值将使美联储更难推动进一步加息。

15.单选题

Hegaveusagood______ofhisexperience.

问题1选项

A.demonstration

B.frequency

C.description

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项demonstration“表现，显露；游行示威”；B选项frequency“重复率”；C选项description“描述；类型”；D选项instruction“命令”。句意：他向我们很好地______了他的经历。根据语境，这里指的是分享他的经历，C选项description“描述”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayaslieusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsocyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaround,youandyou'llseethatnoelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazinesandTV定位到文章第二段中MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.可知时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freerandeasier定位到文章第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。

第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。

17.单选题

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项eliminated“被淘汰，消除”；B选项alerted“使警觉，警告”；C选项offended“冒犯，生气”；D选项discouraged“使……灰心”。句意：调查发现，80%的观众对影片中的暴力镜头感到（）。这里表达的含义是“对暴力镜头感到被冒犯（反感）”。因此C选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore_______tolightthanhumaneyes.

问题1选项

A.glowing

B.sensitive

C.brilliant

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项glowing“灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的”；B选项sensitive“敏感的；感觉的；灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的”；C选项brilliant“灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的；有才气的；精彩的，绝妙的”；D选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”。句意：虽然猫在完全黑暗中看不见东西，但它们的眼睛比人眼对光更敏感。因此B选项正确。

19.不定项选择题

Collapsesthisspringatacoupleofancientsitesherecausedwearyarchaeologiststowarn,yetagain,aboutotherimminentcalamitiesthreateningRome’sprecariousarchitecturalbirthright.

Meanwhile,thesmartsetwentcrazywhenasplendidnationalmuseumforcontemporaryart,Maxxi,openedrecently,alongwithanexpansiontothecity-runnew-artmuseum,Macro.ThatwasjustafterRome’smayor,GianniAlemanno,convenedaconferenceforplannersandarchitectstosketchabidforthe2020OlympicsasanincentivetoupdateItaly’scapital.ContemporaryarchitecturenowpromisestobetheengineandsymbolofanewcreativeidentityforRomethat,ifdevelopmentisdonerightforachange,wouldcomplementthecity’sgloriouspast.

“WhatdoesRomewanttobewhenitgrowsup?”ishowRichardBurdett,aplannerfromLondonwithItalianroots,putthesituationtheotherday.HemeantthesituationofRomeatacrossroads,strugglingahead,fallingbehind.

Changeisnevereasyhere.WhenamuseumdesignedbyRichardMeier,aglassandmarblebuildingtohousetheAraPacis,openedafewyearsago,Romanshowled.Maxxi,whosestylepresentsawholeothersetofproblems,hasfaredmuchbetterintermsofpublicapproval,attractingsome74,000visitorsinitsfirstmonthandacceleratingtalkbyleaderslikeMr.AlemannoaboutRomeinthe21stcentury.

Butit’sonethingforpoliticianstosupportanewheadline-grabbingmuseum.Theartcrowdrollsintotown,bestowsitsblessing,thenrollsout.It’sanothertotakeongreaterchallengeslikeimmigration,transportationandsprawl.Evenculture:anationwhoseidentityandfiscalsurvivalrestsonitnowdevotes0.21percentofitsstatebudget,whichisaboutone-fifthofthepercentagethatFrancedevotes,totheater,film,exhibitions,musicandmuseums,nottomentiontheupkeepofallthosethousandsofhistoricalsitesforwhichthereisstillnomasterconservationplan.

Andthere’snothingclosetoathought-outapproachtoshapingthiscity’snewidentity,either,justaburstofmixedarchitecturecreatingfactsonthegroun