考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第1页
考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第2页
考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第3页
考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第4页
考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩433页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Abalanceofinternationalpaymentreferstothenetresultofthebusinesswhichanation(

)withothernationsinagivenperiod.

问题1选项

A.transact

B.tempts

C.thrives

D.transforms

【答案】A

【解析】句意:国际收支平衡是指在一定时期内一个国家与其他国家贸易的净收益。

固定搭配。transactbusinesswith与…交易。

2.单选题

Shoppingmallshavesomeadvantageinsufferingfromshorterperiodsof()business.

问题1选项

A.stale

B.slack

C.ferrous

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。stale不新鲜的,可以指食物,也可以指事情;slack松弛的,不活跃的;生意不景气的;ferrous含铁的;abundant大量的,充足的。句子中与business搭配的应该是slack,slackbusiness指“生意不景气,萧条”。

3.单选题

Imustgonow.(),ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.

问题1选项

A.Incidentally

B.Accidentally

C.Occasionally

D.Subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便说一句;偶然地;附带地”;B选项accidentally“意外地;偶然地”;C选项occasionally“偶尔;间或”;D选项subsequently“随后,其后;后来”。句意:我现在必须离开了。顺便说一句,如果你想要那本书,那么我下次将把它带来。根据句中“Imustgonow我现在必须离开了”可知“顺便说一句”符合语境,因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Themedicine()hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.deteriorated

D.mediated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这种药()他的疼痛,但不能治愈他的疾病。A选项activated触发;B选项alleviated减轻,缓解;C选项deteriorated使恶化;D选项mediated调解。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

问题1选项

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disaster“灾难;灾祸;不幸”;B选项controversy“辩论”;C选项confrontation“对抗;对峙”;D选项aggression“侵略;侵犯;侵害”。句意:我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项disaster(灾难)不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy(辩论),可以排除。D选项aggression(侵犯),这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation(对峙)最符合题意,由此得知C选项正确。

6.单选题

()theopportunity,hemightwellhavebecomeanoutstandingcartoonist.

问题1选项

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Beinggiven

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去分词作状语。giventheopportunity是过去分词短语作状语,相当于一个与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句,等于ifhehadbeengiventheopportunity。句意:如果有机会,他很可能会成为一位杰出的漫画家。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Itbeingnotonlypossiblebuteveneasytopredictwhichten-year-oldboysareatgreatestriskofgrowinguptobepersistentoffenders.Whatarewedoingwiththeinformation?JustaboutthelastthingthatweshoulddoistowaituntiltheirtroubleshaveescalatedinadolescenceandthenattackthemwiththeprovisionsofthenewCriminalJusticeBill.

Ifthisbillbecomeslaw,magistrateswillhavethepowertoimposeresidentialcareorders.Moreyoungpeoplewillbedrawnintoinstitutionallifewhenalltheevidenceshowsthatthisworsensratherthanimprovestheirprospects.Theintroductionofshortsharpshocksindetentioncenterswillsimplygivemoreyoungpeopleatasteofsomethingelsethedon'tneed;thewholeregimeofdetentioncentersisoneoftougheningdelinquents,andifyouwanttotrainsomeonetobeanti-establishment."Ican'tthinkofabetterwaytodoit,"saysthewriterofthisreport.

TheCambridgeInstituteofCriminologycomesupwithfivekeyfactorsthatarelikelytomakefordelinquency:alowincomefamilyalargefamily,parentsdeemedbysocialworkerstobebadatraisingchildren,parentswhothemselveshaveacriminalrecord,andlowintelligenceinthechild.Notsurprising,thefactorstendtooverlap.Ofthe63boysinthesamplewhohadatleastthreeofthemwhentheywereten,halfbecamejuveniledelinquents—comparedwithonlyfifthofthesampleasawhole.

Threemorefactorsmakethepredictionmoreaccurate:beingjudgedtroublesomebyteachersattheageoften,havingafatherwithatleasttwocriminalconvictionsandhavinganothermemberofthefamilywithacriminalrecord.Ofthe35menwhohadatleasttwoofthesefactorsintheirbackground,18becamepersistentdelinquentsand8morewereintroublewiththelaw.

Amongthosekeyfactors,farandawaythemostimportantwashavingaparentwithacriminalrecord,evenifthathadbeenacquiredinthedistantpast,eventhoughveryfewparentsdidotherthancondemndelinquentbehaviorintheirchildren.

Theroleoftheschoolsemergesasextremelyimportant.Themostreliablepredictionofallonthefuturesofboyscamefromteachers'ratingsofhowtroublesometheywereattheageoften.Iftheinformationisthereintheclassroomtheremustbearesponsethatbringsmoreattentiontothosetroublesomechildren:asearchforthingstogivethemcreditforotherthanacademicachievement,arefusaltoallowthemtogoonplayingtruant,andafosteringofambitionandopportunitywhichshouldstartearlyintheirschoolcareers.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,delinquencyshouldbetackled(

).

2.Thenumberofyoungoffenderscouldbereducedbythewayof

).

3.Whatistheoutcomeresultofputtingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters?

4.Ten-year-oldchildrenlikelytobecomeoffendersareusually

).

5.Thewriterconcludesthatpotentialoffenderscouldbehelpedby(

).

问题1选项

A.beforeadolescence

B.duringinstitutionaltreatment

C.duringadolescence

D.whentheproblembecomesacute

问题2选项

A.newlegalmeasures

B.betterresidentialcare

C.briefperiodsofharshpunishment

D.examinationoftheirbackgrounds

问题3选项

A.Theybecomemoreviolent

B.Theyreceiveusefultraining

C.Theybecomeusedtoinstitutions

D.Theyturnagainstsociety

问题4选项

A.spoiltchildrenfromsmallfamilies

B.brightchildreninapoorfamily

C.dullchildrenwithmanybrothersandsisters

D.childrenwhoseparentshaveacquiredwealthdishonestly

问题5选项

A.spendingmoretimeatschool

B.moreencouragementatschool

C.moreactivitiesoutsideschool

D.strictertreatmentfromteachers

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章开头提出现在对于不良行为,都只能被动地等待问题出现,并且提出要在儿童时期就加强教育的解决办法。故选A。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段可知,作者不建议通过法律制裁、居住处监管以及严厉的惩罚等措施来处理青少年不良行为。在第三段指出了导致不良行为的五个关键因素,接着在第四段从少年犯的家庭和社会背景分析了使预言更为准确的三个因素。故选D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词puttingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters定位至第二段,根据第二段信息“trainsomeonetobeanti-establishment(培养反社会情绪)”推测答案为D。

4.细节事实题。第三段分析了导致青少年不良行为的五个关键因素:低收入家庭、大家庭、父母被社会工作者认为虐待孩子,父母有犯罪记录,儿童中的低智商者。因此此题选C。

5.细节事实题。最后一段指出,学校对于青少年不良行为的问题起着至关重要的作用。具体包括鼓励他们更早树立理想,抓住机会。故选B。

8.单选题

Peopleofdiversebackgroundsnowflytodistantplacesforpleasure,businessoreducation.

问题1选项

A.different

B.distinctive

C.divorced

D.separate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:……背景的人们现在飞到遥远的地方去度假、经商或接受教育。A选项different“不同的”;B选项distinctive“独特的,与众不同的”;C选项divorced“分离的”;D选项separate“分开的,单独的”。这里应该指的是背景不同,diverse意为“不同的”,选项A与之意思相近。

9.单选题

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,()onMaylst,2007.

问题1选项

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cometothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fellback表示“后退”;B选项fellshort表示“不符合标准,缺乏”;C选项wentintoeffect表示“生效”;D选项cometothepoint表示“直截了当的说,简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知,中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始生效。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

10.单选题

Nineistothree()threeistoone.

问题1选项

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查方式状语从句。AistoBwhatCistoD是固定句式,意思是“A对于B来说就等于C对于D一样”,what在句中引导方式状语从句,表示“好比,正如”。句意:九比三等于三比一。因此D选项正确。

11.翻译题

六十整岁望七十如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金,不愁没有一碗饭吃,自由自在,自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸张,从前哪能拜读?现在可以了。随看随忘,便仍在一边。无忧无虑,无人打扰,不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。

偶尔有人来,不论男女老少认识不认识,天南地北,天上地下,天文地理,谈天说地,百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开,激光磁盘便响个不停,滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙,听众逐渐稀少,终于门庭冷落,只剩下一屋子广阔天地,任我独往独来,随意挥洒。

【答案】AttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreached?AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn’tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon’thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.Trueitisthatthemostsplendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!

OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.

12.写作题

Directions:

Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】参考范文

Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.

Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.

Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.

13.单选题

Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller().

问题1选项

A.pair

B.suit

C.one

D.set

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果这些鞋太大了,请店员给你拿一双更小的。结合语境,由前文谈及“这些鞋子”,即应该是成对的,故应该用“一双”,则A为正确答案。

14.单选题

Manycompaniesare()toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.

问题1选项

A.hesitant

B.constant

C.luxuriant

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:许多公司对投资纳米技术研究犹豫不决,担心有朝一日某项技术被认为是危险的,可能会受到法律诉讼。

考查形容词辨析。hesitant犹豫的,畴躇的;constant不变的,恒定的,经常的;luxuriant繁茂的,丰富的,奢华的,肥沃的;coherent连贯的,一致的,凝聚性的,粘在一起的。故A符合句意。

15.单选题

Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.

1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?

2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?

问题1选项

A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.

B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.

C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.

D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.

问题2选项

A.1846

B.1847

C.1848

D.1869

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.(作为该地区的自然地理中心,芝加哥成为一个巨大交通网络的十字路口)可知A选项“它位于生产区的中间”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.(1847年,密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系统在芝加哥相连,同年,伊利诺斯州与密歇根州的运河通车)可知伊利诺斯州与密歇根州的运河于1847年正式开通,因此选B。

16.单选题

Manypeopleare()toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

问题1选项

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.infectious

D.alert

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项insensitive“感觉迟钝的”;B选项allergic“对……过敏的”;C选项infectious“传染的;传染性的”;D选项alert“警惕的;留心的”。句意:很多人对虫子叮咬过敏,且有些人甚至不得不去医院。结合此处句意,B选项正确。

17.单选题

WhenIstayedinthecountry,Iusedtowalkinthefieldsatnightandtosee(

)ofstars.

问题1选项

A.thecirculation

B.acluster

C.thefalling

D.myriads

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。circulation“流通;传播;发行量”;cluster“群;簇”;falling“下降;落下”;myriad“无数”。句意:当我待在乡村的时候,我经常晚上在田地里散步和看无数的星星。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.

37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.

38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?

40.Thepurposeofthistextisto_______.

问题1选项

A.hadgreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries

C.reducedourstandardoflivinganddiminishedournaturalresources

D.wereoftenproducedbyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

问题2选项

A.itisreasonabletosupportindependentinventorsbecausetheylackcapital

B.itisobviousthatsmallfirmsalonecontributetopromotethelivingstandard

C.itisbeyondanydoubtthatmilitaryresearchcanprotectresourceseffectively

D.itstillremainsdoubtfulwhetherdefenseresearchisthecauseofbetterliving

问题3选项

A.theyhavelittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplant

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry

C.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury

D.theyaremetcompetitioninfieldsnotruledbyoneoftheindustrialgiants

问题4选项

A.Importantinventionswereproducedbybothindividualsandcorporateteams.

B.Forabetterliving,themoneyspentonmilitaryresearchshouldbereduced.

C.Thegrowthoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.

D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitalloss.

问题5选项

A.encouragefree-marketcompetition

B.advocateanincreaseingovernmentalsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

C.pointoutamisconceptionabouttheindustrialresearchandthemonopolisticpower

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】36.事实细节题。题干“根据第一段,20世纪的重要发明____”,可定位到原文第1段第2句Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.(最近一项关于世纪之交以来的重要发明的研究表明,超过一半的发明是个体发明家,独立于有组织的工业研究,独自工作的产物。)由此可知,20世纪的重要发明中超过一半是独立发明家的产物,D选项“通常是由独立发明家和研究团队制作的”表述符合原文,而B选项“主要来自垄断行业的大型实验室”表述错误,排除;A选项“对小公司的影响大于对大企业集团的影响”原文并未谈及这些发明对大公司或小公司的影响,排除;C选项“降低了我们的生活水平,减少了我们的自然资源”原文并未提及,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

37.事实细节题。题干“从第2段我们可以了解到____”可定位到原文第2段。第2段第2句…theindependentinventor…vitaltoeconomicprogress.(……独立发明家和小公司无法承担既能保护日益减少的资源又能提高我们的生活水平的重要研究;只有大型企业的巨额资产才能负担得起这种技术进步的支出,这些技术进步对经济发展至关重要。)由此可知,“既能保护我们日益减少的资源又能提高我们的生活水平的重要研究”需要巨额的研究资金,而独立发明家的资金不够支持他们进行这些研究。A选项“支持独立发明家是合理的,因为他们缺乏资金”表述与原文不符,原文只是说他们的资金不够从事“既能保护我们日益减少的资源又能提高我们的生活水平的重要研究”,并没有说他们缺乏资金,他们的资金还是可以支持他们做其他研究的,排除;B选项“很明显,只有小公司才能促进生活水平的提高”表述不正确,能够提高生活水平的研究不是小公司的研究内容,排除;第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.(这些与国防有关的研究项目是否能改善人们的生活水平,或者是否在保护日益减少的资源方面起到很大作用,这是值得怀疑的。)根据句意,C选项“毫无疑问,军事研究可以有效地保护资源”,“毫无疑问”与原文表述不符,排除;D选项“国防研究是否是改善生活的原因仍然值得怀疑”与原文表述相符。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

38.判断推理题。题干“管理层和股东可能关心的是成本削减而非创新,如果____”可定位到第3段。A选项“他们在重要的设备或工厂几乎没有既得利益”可定位到第3段倒数第2句thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarket…itisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.(市场份额小的公司将积极追求新技术和不同的产品,因为在重要设备和工厂没有利益,它不会阻止创新投资。)由此判断,“在重要的设备或工厂几乎没有既得利益”的公司追求创新,与题意不符,排除;B选项“他们非常稳定和安全,在行业中拥有垄断地位”可定位到第3段第4句Large-scaleenterprises…tendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.(大型企业倾向于更舒适地在稳定和安全的环境中经营,它们的管理官僚机构倾向于提高地位并抵制变化所隐含的威胁。)由此可知,在行业拥有垄断地位的企业管理层不鼓励创新,B选项与原文相符;C选项“他们创造了本世纪的一些重要发明”与题目无关,原文并未提及,排除;干扰D选项“他们在没有任何工业巨头的领域遭遇了竞争”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.(在某些行业间竞争减少甚至完全消除的情况下,工业巨头可能有意阻止技术进步以避免资本损失。)由此可知,在竞争少或没有竞争的行业,行业巨头会为了避免资本损失而阻止创新,D选项指的是一个竞争激烈且没有行业垄断的情况,与原文不符,排除;注意不能被第3段第3句Whileitcanbeassumedthat…largeadvertisingbudgets(虽然可以假设……)误导,这只是一种可能存在的假设,并不一定正确,而且根据第3段第2句Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology(价格变量曾经被认为是竞争过程中占主导地位的方面,现在却屈从于新产品、新业务结构和新技术的竞争)可知,当今时代创新在竞争中起着很重要的作用,所以D选项“他们在没有任何工业巨头的领域遭遇了竞争”,企业管理层应该是鼓励创新的,与题干不符,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为B。

39.判断推理题。题干“下列哪一项陈述隐含在文中?”A选项“重要的发明是由个人和公司团队共同创造的”,可定位到第1段最后两句Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributed…,independentinventors...Stillotherinventions...(当工业实验室贡献了诸如尼龙和晶体管这样的重要产品时,独立的发明家们开发了空调、自动传输、喷气发动机、直升机、胰岛素和链霉素。还有一些发明是通过个人和实验室团队的共同努力开发出来的。)由此可以推断,重要的发明一部分是工业实验室发明的,一些是独立发明家发明的,还有一些是共同发明的,选项A的表述不符合原文;B选项“为了更好的生活,应该减少用于军事研究的资金”,可定位到第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethat...(这些与国防有关的研究项目是否能改善人们的生活水平,或者是否在保护日益减少的资源方面起到很大作用,这是值得怀疑的)由此可知,与国防军事有关的研究是否能带来更好的生活值得怀疑,但是这并不能说明它就是不能带来更好的生活,B选项的表述不太符合原文,排除;C选项“自动传输的发展并不归功于有组织的工业研究”,可定位到原文第1段倒数第2句independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission…(独立发明家开发了空调、自动传输……)由此可知,自动传输是由独立发明家发明的,但它的发展是否与“有组织的工业研究”有关无从得知,排除;D选项“工业巨头可能会故意抑制创新以避免资本损失”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.(在某些行业间竞争减少甚至完全消除的情况下,工业巨头可能有意阻止技术进步以避免资本损失。)D选项表述与原文一致。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

40.作者意图题。A选项“鼓励自由市场竞争”;B选项“提倡政府增加对有组织的工业研究的支持”;C选项“指出对产业研究和垄断权力的一种误解”;D选项“表明美国的力量依赖于个人的聪明才智”。本文一共4段,第1段主要内容——人们普遍认为,工业巨头的出现伴随着同等工业研究的激增的。近期的研究表明20世纪以来,实际上,超过一半的发明是独立于有组织的工业研究的个体发明家独立工作的产物,其他是实验室或者实验室和个人合作发明的。第2段主要内容——我们仍被要求支持垄断力量,因为这种力量创造了一个支持创新的环境。但一半的政府支出被用于军事研究和产品开发,这能否改善人们的生活水平,能否在保护我们日益减少的资源方面起到很大作用,值得怀疑。第3段主要内容——我们长期以来关于竞争的看法可能是错的,在当今时代创新而非价格变化才是创新的重要因素。行业巨头出于既得利益,不倾向于创新,相反,小公司鼓励创新。第4段主要内容——处于垄断地位的企业也不能避免竞争,也会需要在创新上投入大量资金。综合来看,作者的行文逻辑是提出一个存在的观点,然后用事实证明该观点是错的,而这些观点是关于工业研究和行业巨头的。因此,C选项“指出对产业研究和垄断权力的一种误解”最符合作者意图。本题最佳选项为C。

19.不定项选择题

Justabouteveryoneknowsthemeaningof“value”thoughyou’dneverknowitfromtheexcessesoftheEighties.Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago,theyareshiftingtothetoothpastethatworksfromtheoneswithitslickestpromotions.Companiesthatunderstandthisnewconsumerhavecomeupwithsomethingnew:“valuemarketing”.

Awordofcautionisnecessary.Inmarketing,watchwordsquicklymetamorphousintobuzzwords—andvalueisnoexception.We’renottapingaboutadsthatmerelyboastofaproduct’svalueorevensuchlegitimatesatestoolsaspricecutsanddiscount:Usedcorrectly,valuemarketingamountstomuchmorethanjuststashingpricesdistributingcoupons.Itmeansgivingthecustomeranimprovedproduct,withads,featuresandenhancingtheroleofmarketingitself.Invaluemarketing,marketingbecomespartofthesystemfordeliveringvaluetotheconsumer.Insteadofmerelyshapingimage,suchaprogrammightofferenhanceguaranteesorlongerwarranties,adsthateducateratherthanhype,membershipclubthatbuildloyalty,frequent-buyerplans,improvedcommunicationswithcustomer,through800numbers,orpackagedesignthatmakestheproducteasiertouseormoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

Theseandothervalue-marketingtechniquescanbeexpensive.Theycantankeraddedproductionandmarketingcostsaddedtolowerunitprices.Evenso,theprincipleinvolvedinvaluemarketingvalueformoney,animprovedproduct,enhancednice,andaddedfeatures,arejustthatU.S.businessneedstoenhanceitscompetitivenessintheglobalmarketplace.That’swhyitwillbealltothegoodifthecommonsensicalvirtuesofvaluemarketingbecomepartofthepermanentstrategyofU.S.business.

1.Consumershavewakenupbecauseof().

2.Manyconsumersarechoosingthecommodities().

3.Inthe1980s,peoplewouldliketogoaftertheproducts().

4.Communicationswithcustomersmaybeimproved().

5.Avaluemarketingprogrammaynotinclude().

问题1选项

A.thepoorproductstheybought

B.thehighpricetheypaidforwhattheybought

C.thedifficulteconomictimes

D.ahorribledream

问题2选项

A.thatareprecious

B.thatarewarranted

C.thatcanshowtheirstatus

D.thatdeliverthemostforthemoney

问题3选项

A.thatweremostexpensive

B.thatwereup-to-date

C.thatcouldshowtheirstatus

D.thatwereinfashion

问题4选项

A.throughannualcustomers’congress

B.throughthefree800numbers

C.throughmembershipclubs

D.throughfrequenteducation

问题5选项

A.dailyvisitstocustomers

B.longerwarranties

C.membershipclubs

D.environmentallyfriendlypackages

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。消费者清醒了,因为,选项A“他们买到的差质量的商品”;选项B“他们花高价购买了商品”;选项C“经济困难时期”;选项D“一场噩梦”,根据文章第一段中“Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.聪明的营销活动往往使营销人员为他们的产品收取更多的费用,并获得更高的利润。它像一场梦一样的突然醒来,由于经历困难的经济时期,消费者清醒了”,由此句可知经历经济困难时期是消费者清醒的导火索,商家提高商品价格,使得消费者花高价购买了商品是消费者清醒过来的根本原因,此处应该选择真正使得消费者不再相信商家任意抬高的商品价格,清醒过来的根本原因,故正确答案为选项B。

第2题:细节事实题。许多消费者会选择什么样的商品,选项A“宝贵的”;选项B“有保障的”;选项C“能够展示他们地位的”;选项D“更多的考虑价格”,根据文章第一段中“Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago…现在,就他们的购买限度来说,许多消费者选择价格最合适的车,而不必要像几年前一样,选择能够代表社会地位的车”,此处是以车为例说明了现在消费者的购买倾向,所以在购买其他产品的时候他们同样也会考虑价格再做出选择,故正确答案为选项D。

第3题:细节事实题。在19世纪80年代,人们会追崇什么商品,选项A“最贵的”;选项B“最新的”;选项C“展示他们社会地位的”;选项D“时髦的”,根据第一段中“manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilyt

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论