考研考博-英语-吉林农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

问题1选项

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

问题2选项

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

问题3选项

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

问题4选项

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

问题5选项

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard两种不同的类型正处于设计阶段。”可知A项“正在被计划中”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一个特殊用途的车道系统需要对现有的高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的车道系统能给高速公路系统带来便利。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在这两种方案中，司机将指定想要到达的目的地，并在旅程开始时或在到达自动高速公路之前将这些信息提供给车内的计算机。”可知C项“司机开车前应将目的地告知汽车电脑”正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有专用车道，汽车可以通过两种不同的方式进入这些车道并加入现有的车流。一种方法使用一个特殊的斜坡弯道(入口引道)。当司机接近高速公路的入口点时，安装在路边的电子设备将检查车辆，以确定其目的地，并确定其适当的自动化设备处于良好的工作状态。”可知B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦车辆进入自动驾驶状态，驾驶员就可以自由地松开方向盘，打开晨报或者只是放松一下。”故D项正确。

2.单选题

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

问题1选项

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项saynothingof“更不用说”；其余选项非固定搭配。句意：她会说法语和德语，英语就______。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

问题1选项

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项savings“积蓄；节省物”；B选项storage“贮存”是不可数名词；C选项stocks“存货；股份”；D选项reserves“储备”。填一个名词做主语，Grain做其定语，由不定式的内容可知reserves“储备”符合题意，句意为：粮食储备是用来保证非农业人口消费和应对严重自然灾害的。故答案选D。

4.单选题

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“缩减”；boildown“归结”；narrowdown“缩小范围”。句意：尽管有计划缩减额外退休金数额。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.

问题1选项

A.slavish

B.fawning

C.subservient

D.subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项slavish表示“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”，B项fawning表示“奉承的，恭维的，讨好的”，指通过谄媚和奉承来获得注意和赞赏，C项subservient表示“屈从的，奉承的，恭顺的”，指某人非常愿意服从别人，D项subordinate表示“从属的，隶属的，次要的”。句意：对于一些女性来说，家政是比事业更重要的事情，而对于另一些女性来说，养家和照顾家庭是生活中最令人满足的召唤。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescantyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.

问题1选项

A.aheadof

B.backof

C.independentof

D.abreastof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。aheadof“在……之前”；backof“在……后面”；independentof“不受……支配的”；abreastof“保持与……并列”。句意：一些经济学家担心，股价……公司盈利，这在一定程度上让人想起上世纪80年代末日本股市崩盘前的情景。可知前半句应表示“股票价格超过了公司盈利”。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Nineistothree（）threeistoone.

问题1选项

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查方式状语从句。AistoBwhatCistoD是固定句式，意思是“A对于B来说就等于C对于D一样”，what在句中引导方式状语从句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull______.

问题1选项

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项capacity“能力、容量、资格”；B项strength“力量、力气”；C项length“长度”；D项possibility“可能性”；句意：不外出工作的家庭主妇感觉家务活不能让她们完全施展自己的能力。worktoone’scapacity“充分发挥才能”；因此该题A项正确。

9.单选题

________sixpercentofordinaryhomesweredamagedintheearthquake,onlythreepercentofmobilehomeswereaffected.

问题1选项

A.How

B.While

C.Although

D.When

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：（）地震中百分之六的普通房子被摧毁了，只有百分之三的移动房受到了影响。根据句意，这里从句选时间状语引导词，A选项引导方式状语，C选项引导让步状语，所以排除。然后根据关键词only，表明这两个句子不单单是表明两件事同时发生，还会有一种转折的意思在，所以D选项排除，答案选B。

10.单选题

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项integrity“完整，正直，诚实”；B选项stability“稳定性，坚定”；C选项scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D选项dignity“尊严，高贵”。句意“他是一个正直的演员，从不为了自己的利益而放弃自己的原则。”选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

In（

）ofMr.Mainwaring’syearsofservice,thecompanypresentedhimwithagoldwatch.

问题1选项

A.contradiction

B.appreciation

C.confrontation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】根据下文可以推测,这是为了表达感谢,所以选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

问题1选项

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名词和形容词词义辨析。A选项的inflexibility“不屈性，顽固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B选项的impropriety“不合适，不恰当”；oscillatory“振动的，动摇的，变动的"；C选项的intransigence“不妥协，强硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，宽容的”；D选项的success“成功，胜利”；authoritative“命令式的，专断的，权威式的”。根据句意‘与他先前亳不让步的谈判者的声誉相反，摩根近来采取了一种更为缓和的立场，所以许多他先前的批判者转而称赞他’确定C选项正确。

13.单选题

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointCastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystarlingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productoffering，orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthepresentwebbusiness?

2.Establishedpartnersarepreferredinwebbusinessbecause（

）.

3.Netpuristsaremostworriedthat

（

）.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutA?

问题1选项

A.Webbusinessisnolongerinfashion

B.Business-to-businesssalesarethetrend.

C.Webbusinessisprosperousintheconsumermarket.

D.Manycompaniesstilllackconfidenceinwebbusiness.

问题2选项

A.theyaremorecreditablethanothers

B.theyspecifytheproductstheywant

C.theyhaveaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet

D.theyarecapableofconductingonlinetransactions

问题3选项

A.onlytherequestedinformationconiestothescreen

B.thenetisfilledwithcommercialpromotion

C.thedifferencebetweentheWedandTVwillfade

D.pushtechnologywilldominatethescreen

问题4选项

A.Itssuccessisattributedtopushstrategies.

B.Itisprosperouswithoutpushstrategies.

C.Itishighlyconcernedaboutthecostofcomputingpower.

D.Itisagoodexampleoftheflourishingonlinebusiness.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。第2段开头的Nonetheless表明该句与首段提到的内容有转折关系：Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecause（尽管如此，许多公司仍然对使用网络犹豫不决，因为……），因此D项“许多公司对网络商务依然缺少自信”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段becauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.及最后一句“Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.一些公司通过只与已建立业务的伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险，这些业务伙伴可以访问公司的私有内部网。”可知商家为了减轻风险，会选择与建立了合作关系的固定合作伙伴交易，因为他们更值得信赖。”答案A

第3题:细节事实题。第3段末句开头的That'saprospect表明前面提到的内容就是使网络净化者觉得担忧的问题，上文说网络广告不应像电视那样不请自来，由此可见，网络净化者最担心的是以后电脑屏幕会被不请自来的广告占据，因此D为本题答案。关键不在于“网络中满是商业促销”，而是“pushtechnology（广告推送）”。

第4题:推理判断题。由第四段首句“ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.不靠推销策略赚钱也是可行的。”接着例举亚马逊的成功案例，可知答案B

14.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Diarrhea.

B.Vomiting.

C.Nausea.

D.Acold.

【答案】C

【解析】M:I’msosickinmystomach!

W:That’stoobad.Haveyoubeentothetoilet?Anydiarrhea[ˌdaɪəˈriə]orvomiting?

M:I’vebeentothetoilettwice.Butnodiarrheaorvomiting.PerhapsIshoulddrinksomething.CanIhaveacupofhottea?

Q:Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】推断题。男士说：I’msosickinmystomach（我只是有点反胃），故选C。

15.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Hehaslostsomeweight.

B.Hehasgainedalot.

C.Heneedstoexercisemore.

D.Heisstilloverweight.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Youdon’tseemtobeoverweight.

M:No,notreally.IfIrunupaflightofstairs,ittakesmeawhiletogetmybreathback.Ineedtoworkoutmore.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Ineedtoworkoutmore（我需要加强锻炼）。

16.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

考查副词辨析。exceedingly极其，非常，特别；excessively过分地，极度；extensively广―阔地，广大地：exclusively唯一地，独占地。后面从句说到:因为他现在不知道该先做什么，因此前面应该在说“你的建议对他非常有价值”。

17.单选题

Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!Everywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.“Americaisthereforethelandofthefuture,”theGermanphilosopherHegelwrote.“TheAmericanlivesevenmoreforhisgoals,forthefuture,thantheEuropean.”AlbertEinsteinconcurred.“Lifeforhimisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”

In2012,Americawillstillbetheplacewherethefuturehappensfirst,forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories,God’skingdomonearth.Theearlypioneerswouldsometimestravelpastperfectlygoodfarmland,becausetheywereconvincedthatevenmoreamazinglandcouldbefoundoverthenextridge.TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.Therailroadspeculatorsenvisionedmagnificentfortunesbuiltonbandsofiron.It’snowfashionabletoridiculethevisionsofdot-comentrepreneursofthe1990s,buttheyhadinheritedtheurgetoleapforthehorizon.“TheFutureisendowedwithsuchalife,thatitlivestouseveninanticipation,”HermanMelvillewrote.“TheFutureistheBibleoftheFree.”

Thisfuture-mindednessexplainsmanymodernfeaturesofAmericanlife.Itexplainsworkaholism:theaverageAmericanworks350hoursayearmorethantheaverageEuropean.Americansmovemore,insearchofthatbrightertomorrow,thanpeopleinotherland.Theyalso,sadly,divorcemore,forthesamereason.AmericansadoptnewtechnologiessuchasonlineshoppingandcreditcardsmuchmorequicklythanpeopleinothercountriesForty-fivepercentofworldInternetusetakesplaceintheUnitedStates.Eventoday,aftertheburstingofthestock-marketbubble,Americanventure-capitalfirms—whichareinthebusinessofbettingonthefuture—dwarfthefirmsfromallothernations.

Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.Italsoleadstoincredibleinnovations.AccordingtotheYalehistorianPaulKennedy,75percentoftheNobellaureatesineconomiesandthesciencesoverrecentdecadeshavelivedorworkedintheUnitedStates.Thecountryremainsamagnetforthefuture-mindedfromothernations.Onein12Americanshasenjoyedthethrillandchallengeofstartinghisownbusiness.AstudypublishedintheJournalofInternationalBusinessStudiesin2000showedthatinnovativepeoplearespreadprettyevenlythroughouttheglobe,butAmericansaremostcomfortablewithrisk.EntrepreneursintheU.S.aremorelikelytobelievethattheypossesstheabilitytoshapetheirownfuturethanpeoplein,say,Britain,AustraliaorSingapore.

Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.ButtheworldisnotbecomingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaverunitscourse,andfuture-mindednesswillbebackinvogue,forbetterorworse.

Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.In1979,threequartersofAmericanofficespacewerelocatedincentralcities.Thenewcompanies,researchcentersandentrepreneursareflockingtotheselowbuildingsnearairports,highwaysandtheWal-Martmalls,andtheyarecreatinganewkindofsuburbanlife.ThereareentirelynewmetropolisesrisingboomsuburbslikeMesa,Arizona,thatalreadyhavemorepeoplethanMinneapolisorSt.Louis.WearenowapproachingamomentinwhichthemajorityofAmericanofficespace,andthehubofAmericanentrepreneurship,willbefoundinquietofficeparksinplaceslikeRockville,Maryland,andinthesprawlingsuburbospherearoundAtlanta.

Wealsoknowthatfuture-mindednessitselfwillbecometheobjectofgreaterstudy.Wearediscoveringthattherearemanythingsthathumanbeingsdoeasilythatcomputerscandoonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.

47.ThethirdparagraphexaminesAmerica’sfuture-mindednessfromthe（）perspective.

48.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTbroughtaboutbyfuture-mindedness?

49.Theword“pooh-pooh”inthesixthparagraphmeans（）.

50.Accordingtothepassage,peopleatpresentcanforecast（）ofanewroundoffuture-mindedness.

51.Theauthorpredictsinthelastparagraphthatthestudyoffuture-mindednesswillfocuson（）.

问题1选项

A.future

B.realistic

C.historical

D.present

问题2选项

A.Economicstagnation.

B.Environmentaldestruction.

C.Highdivorcerates.

D.Neglectofhistory.

问题3选项

A.appreciate

B.praise

C.shun

D.ridicule

问题4选项

A.thenature

B.thelocation

C.thevariety

D.thefeatures

问题5选项

A.howitcomesintobeing.

B.howitfunctions.

C.whatitbringsabout.

D.whatitisrelatedto.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】47.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段...forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories（因为这是这个国家最古老的传统。早期的清教徒生活在几乎石器时代的环境中，但他们受到未来荣耀的启示）以及TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.（开国元勋们占领了13个破败的殖民地，并相信他们正在地球上创建一个新的国家。）这些都是作者对于过去美国历史的一些回顾，因此作者在第三段中是以历史的角度考察了美国的未来意识。因此C选项“历史的”正确。A选项“未来的”；B选项“现实的”以及D选项“现在的”都不是第三段的叙事角度。

48.事实细节题。根据题干关键词可以定位到第五段Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.（对未来的关注导致了美国人生活的混乱、对历史的遗忘、高比率的家庭破裂以及对自然资源的疯狂浪费。）其中A选项“经济停滞”是没有提到的，当选。B选项“环境破坏”；C选项“高离婚率”以及D选项“对历史的忽视”，都是文章中有提到的。

49.语义推测题。根据题干关键词直接定位到第六段Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.（如果说1990年代是着眼未来的伟大十年，那么我们现在正处于经历的季节之中。我似乎更冷静地持怀疑态度，对所有那些在电信未来上输了钱的IPO傻瓜们_____。）这句话通过后面的sucker“容易上当受骗的人”以及wholosttheirmoney“那些输钱的人”可以看出，对他们应该是抱有鄙夷的态度的，因此D选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”正确。A选项appreciate“欣赏”；B选项praise“称赞”；C选项shun“避开”都不正确。

50.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第八段Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.（我们不知道下一次的未来狂胜会是什么样子。我们知道它将在哪里发生：美国郊区。）根据这句话可以得出，B选项“地点”正确。A选项“未来”；C选项“种类”以及D选项“特点”都不是可以预测的。

51.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.（认知科学家现在正试图破解人类的想象，理解大脑是如何想象、做梦和创造的，我们也知道，有未来意识的地方就有希望。）根据这句话可以得出B选项“它是如何工作的”正确。A选项“它是如何发生的”；C选项“它带来了什么”以及D选项“它与什么相关”都不是作者预测的研究对象。

18.单选题

Wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin（）wehadtowalk.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.consequence

C.possession

D.succession

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。particular特别的，特色；consequence结果，因此；possession拥有，所有；succession

接连，避承权。句意：我们没有足够的钱卖车票，所以只能步行。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Accordingto（）sources,theLeaningTowerofPisaistobeuprightedunderarestorationplanbytheItalianGovernment.

问题1选项

A.conformed

B.confirmed

C.informed

D.transformed

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。conformed"一致的,顺从的";confirmed"确定的,坚定的"";informed"消息灵通的,见多识广的";transformed"转变的"。句意：据可靠消息,在意大利政府的一项恢复计划中,比萨斜塔将得到修复。选项B符合原文。

20.单选题

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。此处考查的是动词过去分词形式作为形容词使用的词义，A选项owned“自身拥有的”；B选项sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C选项wrecked“失事的”；D选项submitted“屈服的”。句意：这艘船在牙买加附近的风暴中……。“风暴”与“船”联系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C选项正确。

21.单选题

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovetheletter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpresseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.

Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thebestwaytoretellastorytoachildisto（）.

2.Inthesecond-paragraph,whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor'sattitudetowardsfairystories?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,fairystoriesaremostlikelyto（）.

4.Ifthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor,hewouldprobablybe（）.

5.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttoemphasizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.tellitinacreativeway

B.takefromitwhatthechildlikes

C.addtoitwhateverathand

D.readitoutofthestorybook

问题2选项

A.Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.

B.Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.

C.Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem.

D.Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults.

问题3选项

A.makechildrenaggressivethewholelife

B.incitedestructivenessinchildren

C.functionasasafetyvalveforchildren

D.addchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothers

问题4选项

A.scaredtodeath

B.takingitandevenenjoyingit

C.sufferingmorethepainoffear

D.dangerouslyterrified

问题5选项

A.oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneeds

B.fairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictims

C.fairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaos

D.fairystoriesareafterallfairystories

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,（所以选项D错误）and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetime（所以选项C错误）andtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.”讲故事总比读故事要好得多,而且,如果父母能够根据当时的实际情况以及孩子自身的特点进行发挥,那就更好了。选项A更符合原文。

2.第二段主要讲童话故事通过吓唬孩子或激起孩子的虐待冲动来伤害孩子,所以读过童话故事的孩子比没读过的孩子更容易犯下残忍的罪行,说明作者看到了人性最坏的一面,选项A符合原文。