2021年中考英语 复习之重点核心词汇详解

2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题二B、C字部1.backgroundn.背景关联词组：educationbackground教育背景；familybackground家庭背景；backgroundmusic背景音乐用法：既可以指图画、舞台等的实体背景，也可以表示某个人的出身背景、学历等。（2020，江苏卷，短文填空）Ihadat48educationbackground.Iwenttopublicschools,receivednormal(常规的)educationandwasrequiredtofollowr49likeeveryotherstudent..2.basicadj.基本的，基础的关联词组：basicinformation基本信息词性转换：basisn.基础；basicallyadv.基本上，主要地（2020，北京卷，阅读D）32.Theword"collapse"inParagraph5probablymeans“____________”.Aasuddenfailure B.thebasicruleC.adisappointingstart D.thegradualdevelopment3.beatvt.敲打；打败；vi.跳动；n.节拍词形变化：过去式beat；过去分词beaten关联词组：beatthedrum打鼓；bebeatenbysb.被某人打了；输给了某人（2020，湖南卷，语篇翻译）Doyouenjoyhittingthebooks?Itdoesn’tmeanyouenjoybeatingyourbookswithyourhand.4.beginv.开始，着手词形变化：过去式began；过去分词begun；现在分词beginning关联词组：beginwith以……开始，开始于……用法：begindoingsth.和begintodosth.都表示“开始做某事“，它们的区别：eq\o\ac(○,1)begindoing强调事情的持续性。例如：Hebegansmokingthreeyearsago.他三年前开始抽烟（强调一种持续的习惯）。eq\o\ac(○,2)begintodo表示一件事情的开端，持续与否不重要。例如：It’sbeginningtorain,we’dbetterhurryup.开始下雨了，我们最好快点。同义词：start词性转换：beginningn.起初，开始：inthebeginning=atfirst起初，开始；atthebeginningof…在……的开头；frombeginningtoend从开始到结束（2020，浙江卷，完形）Ibeganmakingnewfriends.Idevelopedmyown___23___andneveragainfollowedthecrowd.23.A.skills B.habits C.projects D.opinions5.behaviourn.行为，举止美式拼写：behavior关联词组：good/badbehaviour良好/恶劣行为词性转换：behavev.表现，举止（2020，湖南卷，阅读A）49．AccordingtoPatrick,whatismoreimportant? A．Managingschoolsbyuniforms. B．Improvingstudents’behaviors. C．Helpingstudentsexpressthemselvesconfidently.6.believev.相信，认为关联词组：believeitornot信不信由你；itis(widely)believedthat…人们（普遍）认为……用法：eq\o\ac(○,1)believe是状态动词，通常不用于进行时态。eq\o\ac(○,2)believesb.相信某人说的话；believeinsb.相信某人的人品；believeinsth.信仰……；believe还可以接that或者wh-从句。eq\o\ac(○,3)可以用Ibelieveso或Ibelievenot作为对问题的肯定或否定回答。（2020，山东卷，单项填空）20.Arecentsurveyshowsthat44percentofAmericanswanttouseself-drivingcars,_________34percentbelievethattheywillmaketheroadsmoredangerous.A.although B.because C.if7.besideprep.在……旁边，靠近近义词：near，nextto易混单词：besidesprep.除……以外（还有）；adv.此外，而且（2020，江苏卷，阅读表达）Igoforlongrunsandbikeridesbesidethebeach.Anhourofexerciseafteralongdayofwritinggivesmeenergy.（2020，浙江卷，完形）Mrs.Chaplinmanagedto___1___herchildren,herownwiththemoneyshemadeasasinger.___2___,theireconomic(经济的)situationchangedwhenshebecameillwithlaryngitis(喉炎)in1894.1.A.support B.leave C.ask D.face2.A.Although B.So C.However D.Besides8.beyondprep.（表示位置）在……的那边关联词组：beyondreach够不着用法：beyond通常用作介词用，表示位置，意思是“在……的那一边；在……之外；在更远处”。例如：Whatliesbeyondthemountains?山的那一边有什么？Theseaisbeyondthathill.大海在山的那边。（2020，江苏卷，完形）WhyisSongHeLousospecial___14___hundredsofrestaurants?14.A.between B.against C.among D.beyond9.birthn.出生，诞生关联词组：givebirthto生下……；date/yearofbirth出生日期/年份；placeofbirth出生地关联词汇：birthdayn.生日；born：bebornin/on出生于某年/某天；be动词要求使用过去式形式。（2020，江苏卷，阅读B）24.AccordingtoParagraph1,cakesandice-creamarementionedtodescribe____________.A.thebirthofchickens B.thedifferencebetweenthemC.theuseofeggs D.thewayofkeepingthem10.blindadj.瞎的，失明的；盲目的关联词组：go/becomeblind眼瞎，失明；colourblind色盲；blinddate相亲词性转换：blindlyadv.盲目地；blindnessn.失明，盲目（2020，湖北卷，完形）Ablindmanhasnoideaofdayandnight,can’t44thebeautyofnature,orevendoesn'tknowwhatthelightis.44.A.hear B.enjoy C.touch D.play11.blowv.吹，吹气；刮风词形变化：过去式blew，过去分词blown关联词组：blowup爆炸；blowoff吹落，吹掉；blowout吹灭，吹熄；blowdown吹倒（2020，山东卷，阅读C）Also,winddoesn’tblowallthetime,sowecan’tusewindpowerallthetime.12.borrowv.借，（向别人）借用关联词组：borrowsthfromsb.向某人借某物反义词：lendv.借出，借给：lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.把某物借给某人（2020，山东卷，阅读表达）Couldyouhelpmepickoutsomenewclothes?WouldyoumindifIborrowedyourbike?CanyoulookaftermyapartmentwhileI’maway?13.breakv.打破（断、碎）；损坏；违背词形变化：过去式broke，过去分词broken关联词组：breakone’sarm/leg摔断胳膊/腿；breakthelaw违法；breakdown分解，发生故障；breakup打碎，分手（withsb.）；breakinto破门而入；breakoff折断熟词僻义：breakn.间歇，休息；中断：take/haveabreak休息一下（2020，山东卷，动词应用）ThepolicesaidthatbothLiuandRanhadbrokencriminallawbyseriouslyendangering(危及)publicsafety.14.breathn.呼吸，气息关联词组：outofbreath喘不上气；takeadeepbreath深呼吸；holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸；takeone’sbreathaway使人大吃一惊，令人叹绝词性转换：breathev.呼吸breathlessadj.上气不接下气的（2020，浙江卷，语法填空）Ashecoughedandstruggledtobreathe,hejumpedupand____56____,screaming:“Ah!Ah!Ah!”15.buildv.建筑，造词形变化：过去式built，过去分词built关联词组：buildup增进，加强名词：buildingn.建筑物，房屋，大楼（2020，北京卷，完形）Andmomentsoffailurelikethisbuild___20___—sincethenI’velearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger.20.A.trust B.pride C.character D.support16.burnv.着火，燃烧；使晒黑词形变化：过去式burned或burnt，过去分词burned或burnt关联词组：burnout烧尽，燃尽（2020，浙江卷，语法填空）However,assoonashestartedeating,hismouthbegan____54____(burn),hiseyesbegantowater,andhiswholefacebecameasred____55____thefruit.17.businessn.生意；商业；业务关联词组：businesscard名片；dobusiness做生意；noneofone’sbusiness不归某人管，与某人无关关联单词：businessman/businesswomann.做生意的人，商人（2020，浙江卷，语法填空）Allofushave_____59_____(spend)moneyandtimeonsomething一maybearelationship,orabusiness,orajob一andsometimes,evenifweknowthere'snohopethatthingswillchange,westillcontinuewithit.18.callv.（给……）打电话；称呼；叫；n.电话；呼叫关联词组：eq\o\ac(○,1)动词短语：callfor要求，需要；提倡；calloff=cancel取消；callback回电；叫回，收回；callup打电话；召集；征召（入伍）callon/upon呼吁，号召；拜访eq\o\ac(○,2)名词短语：makea(telephone)call打电话；givesb.acall给某人打电话（2020年，浙江卷，词汇运用）Lydiarunsandpicksuprubbishalongtheway.Whatshedoesiscalled"plogging",anactivitycombiningcollectingrubbishwithrunning19.cancelv.取消，撤销关联词组：cancelbutton取消按钮词形变化：过去式canceled或cancelled，过去分词canceled或cancelled，过去分词canceling或cancelling近义词：calloff易混单词：cancern.癌症（2020年，江苏卷，词汇运用）37.-Theplanforsummerstudytripmaybe______________(cancel).-Really?I'mlookingforwardtoit.20.capitaln.首都，省会；资本；大写字母；adj.首都的，省会的；资本的；大写的关联词组：capitalcity省会城市；capitalletter大写字母易混单词：captainn.船长，队长；（海军）上校（2020年，山东卷，单项填空）16.Berlinis_________capitalofGermany.A./ B.a C.the21.carefuladj.小心的，谨慎的；仔细的eq\o\ac(○,1)Becareful!用作祈使句，意思是“小心！”，表示提醒eq\o\ac(○,2)becarefulof(about)…表示“当心，留意”eq\o\ac(○,3)becarefulwith表示做某事很小心或仔细词性转换：carefullyadv.小心地，仔细地；carefulnessn.小心，仔细；carev.在乎；关心反义词：carelessadj.粗心大意的；漫不经心的（2020年，山东卷，动词应用）Thehostusuallymakesfull____14____bycarefullytidyingupthehouseand_____15_____alotofdeliciousdishes.14A.plans B.decisions C.preparations15.A.enjoying B.cooking C.washing22.catchv.&n.赶上；抓住，捕捉词形变化：过去式caught，过去分词caught关联词组：catchup(with)赶上，追上；catchacold感冒了；catchfire着火；catchone’sbreath喘气（2020年，江苏卷，单项填空）6.“Putonyourcoat,youwillcatchacold!”Thisiswhatmymumoftensaystome.A.and B.but C.or D.so23.causev.引起，导致关联词组：causetrouble惹麻烦用法：causesb./sth.todosth.使得……做某事；常用语被动语态：sth.iscausedby…某事是由……引起的（2020年，江苏卷，动词应用）Theaccident69(cause)byafightbetweenthedriverandapassenger,killingall15peopleonthebus.24.celebratev.庆祝关联词组：celebrateChristmas庆祝圣诞节词性转换：celebrationn.庆祝，庆典（2020年，江苏卷，单项填空）38.Iplantogoabroadtocelebratemytwentiethbirthdayin___________(八月).25.centren.中心，中央美式拼写：center关联词组：shoppingcentre购物中心；inthecentreof…处于……的中心词性转换：centraladj.中心的，中枢的（2020年，浙江卷，阅读B）30.Howcanwedotrampoliningsafely?A.Buyanexpensivetrampoline. B.Jumpinthecenterofatrampoline.C.Chooseatrampolinewithoutanet. D.Losewei