考研考博-英语-南昌理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost（

）ofgovernment.

问题1选项

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。tough意为“坚强的，坚韧的”；demanding意为“要求高的，费力的”；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；benign意为“温和的，仁慈的”。

句意：但是像这样的礼物不能奖励给每个人，不管是由法官还是由温和的政府。

2.翻译题

坦白说有压力是我们所有人正常生活状态里的一部分，重要的是我们不能让压力搅乱我们的生活，或者让压力超出了我们的控制范围，即使空闲时间是奢侈的，也请挤出几分钟或几小时放松自己，这是自我爱护的重要的部分，那么你就有了理由，喝杯咖啡或是撤销今晚计划的理由，最终你拥有了属于你自己的空间。

【答案】Frankly,thereisstressallofusinanormalpartoflife,butthekeyismakingsureitdoesn’trunourlivesorgrowoutofcontrol.Evenwhenfreetimeisaluxury,squeezeoutafewminutesorhourstorelaxisanimportantpartofself-care.Sothereyouhaveit—anexcusetotakeacoffeebreakorcancelyourplanstonight,andfinallymakesometimeforyou.

3.单选题

Aperson'shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime.Dependingonpersonality,mosthaveinminda(n)"（1）home".Butingeneral,andespeciallyforthestudentornewwageearners,therearepractical（2）ofcashandlocationonachievingthatidea.

Cash（3）,infact,oftenmeansthattheonlywayof（4）whenyouleaveschoolistostayathomeforawhileuntilthings（5）financially.Thereareobvious（6）oflivingathome—personallaundryisusually（7）donealongwiththefamilywash;mealsareprovidedandtherewillbeawell-establishedcircleoffriendsto（8）.Andthereis（9）theresponsibilityforpayingbills,rates,etc.

Ontheotherhand,（10）dependsonhowafamilygetson.Doyourparentslikeyourfriends?Youmayloveyourfamily-（11）doyoulikethem?Areyoupreparedtobe

（12）whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?Ifyoufindthatyoucannotmanagea(n)（13）.andthatyoufinallyhavethe

moneytoleave,howdoyou（14）findingsomewhereelsetolive?

Ifyouplantostayinyourhomearea,thepossibilitiesare（15）well-knowntoyoualready.Friendsandthelocalpaperarealways（16）.Ifyouaregoingtoworkina（17）area,againtherearethepapers—andtheaccommodationagencies,（18）theseshouldbeapproachedwith（19）.Agenciesareallowedtochargeafee,usuallythe（20）ofthefirstweek'srent,ifyoulakeaccommodationtheyhavefoundforyou.

问题1选项

A.satisfactory

B.imaginary

C.ideal

D.perfect

问题2选项

A.limitations

B.inefficiencies

C.weaknesses

D.deficiencies

问题3选项

A.shortage

B.lack

C.cut

D.drain

问题4选项

A.gettingat

B.gettingback

C.gettingin

D.gettingover

问题5选项

A.develop

B.enhance

C.improve

D.proceed

问题6选项

A.concerns

B.advantages

C.problems

D.issues

问题7选项

A.still

B.always

C.habitually

D.never

问题8选项

A.callout

B.callin

C.callover

D.callupon

问题9选项

A.always

B.rarely

C.little

D.sometimes

问题10选项

A.enough

B.much

C.many

D.little

问题11选项

A.or

B.still

C.but

D.and

问题12选项

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.angry

D.hostile

问题13选项

A.consensus

B.agreement

C.compromise

D.deal

问题14选项

A.gothrough

B.goover

C.goabout

D.goinfor

问题15选项

A.certainly

B.seldom

C.probably

D.less

问题16选项

A.reliable

B.dependent

C.ofgreatvalue

D.agoodsourceofinformation

问题17选项

A.familiar

B.cold

C.humid

D.new

问题18选项

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.though

问题19选项

A.concern

B.caution

C.hesitation

D.enthusiasm

问题20选项

A.similarity

B.equal

C.same

D.equivalent

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:C

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:D

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。satisfactory“满意的；符合要求的”;imaginary“虚构的，假想的”；ideal“理想的”；perfect“完美的”。根据表示转折的并列连词but可知此处前后是一个转折关系，因此根据后文的practical“实际的”可知空格处填入ideal最合适。

2.考查名词词义辨析。limitation“限制”;inefficiency“效率低，无效率”；weakness“弱点”；deficiency“缺陷”。前一句提到“很多人都想有一个理想中的家”，根据but可知，空格处所在句子表达的意思与前句相反，即现实情况是，他们受经济和地点的影响，无法实现这个目标，因此选项A符合题意。

3.考查名词词义辨析。shortage“缺乏，不足”；lack“缺少”，一般用lackofsth.表达“缺乏某东西”；cut“切，削减”；drain“负担；消耗”。第一段最后一句提到了“经济和地点限制”，应该空格处填入shortage与之对应，cashshortage“资金不足”。

4.考查词组辨析。getat“理解”;getback“回来，恢复”；getin“进入；到达”；getover“克服；恢复”。空格处所在句子的大意是：没钱意味着毕业后暂时住在家里才是克服困难的方法。选项D符合题意。

5.考查动词词义辨析。develop“发展”；enhance“提高，加强”；improve“提高；改善”；proceed“开始，继续进行”。前面提到没钱就暂时住在家里，直到经济问题得到改善，因此选项C符合题意。

6.考查动词词义辨析。concern“担心；忧虑”；advantage“优势”；problem“问题”;issue“问题”。根据后文举的例子，可知此处提及的是住在家里的“好处”，因此选项B符合题意。

7.考查副词词义辨析。still“仍然”；always“总是，常常”；habitually“习惯性地”；never“从不”。空格处所在句子的大意是：住在家里，衣服仍旧跟以前一样跟家人的一起洗。选项A符合题意。

8.考查词组辨析。callout“唤起，出动”;callin“拜访”；callover“点名”；callupon“号召，要求；拜访”。根据原文句子中的friends可知是“拜访”之意，callin后面不能直接接对象，而是用callinonsb.，所以选项D符合题意。

9.考查逻辑关系。前面提到是住在家里，因此payingbills,rates这样的事情出现的频率非常小，选项B符合题意。

10.考查逻辑关系。根据下文可知，这里讲述的住在家里很大程度取决于跟家人相处得怎么样，因此选项B符合题意。

11.考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句子的大意是：你可能很爱你的家人——但是你喜欢他们的方式的吗？因此选项C符合题意。

12.考查形容词词义辨析。indifferent“冷漠的”；tolerant“宽容的”；angry“生气的”;hostile“敌对的”。根据后文whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?(你晚上准备去哪儿以及准备什么时候回来？)当被父母询问这些的时候，考验的是你的耐心，因此选项B符合题意。

13.考查固定搭配。前面提到跟家人住在一起的你可能跟他们会有分歧，因此需要“达成妥协”（manageacompromise），选项C符合题意。

14.考查词组辨析。gothrough“参加，经受；仔细检查”;goover“复习，重温”；goabout“着手做”；goinfor“参加，从事”。空格处所在句子的大意是：假如你有钱离开家，你准备怎样去找别的地方住呢？选项C符合题意。

15.考查副词词义辨析。certainly“确定地”;seldom“很少”；probably“可能”；less“更少”。空格处所在句子的大意是：如果你打算待在本地，很有可能更加容易获得各种房源信息。选项C符合题意。

16.考查逻辑关系。前面提到待在本地可以更容易获得信息，此处说明信息的来源可以是朋友，也能是本地的报纸，因此选项D符合题意。

17.考查逻辑关系。前面提到inyourhomearea,此处表达的是“到一个新环境工作”，因此选项D符合题意。familiar“熟悉的”；cold“冷的”；humid“潮湿的”。

18.考查从句的连接词。分析句子可知此处是让步状语从句。though与while都可以引导让步状语从句，而while此种用法时通常为于句首，因此此处选择though。

19.考查名词词义辨析。concern“关系；关心”;caution“小心”；hesitation“犹豫”；enthusiasm“热情”。到一个不熟悉的地方，咨询住所应该要谨慎，因此选项B符合题意。

20.考查词义辨析。similarity“类似；相似点”;equal“对手；同辈”；same“相同的，上述的”；equivalent“对等的（人或事物）”。空格处所在句子的大意是：房产中介可以从中收取费用，通常相当于第一周的租金。即中介费相当于第一周的租金，选项D符合题意。

4.翻译题

InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.

【答案】与法国不同,在德国,友谊更注重感觉。青少年,男孩和女骇之间,他们有着很深的情感依赖,总是很亲密地走在一起,与其说是为了彰显各自的聪明才智,不如说是为了分享他们的希望、恐惧和梦想,以此来形成一条对抗学校和家庭生活的统一阵线；来取得来自他们各自和自己内心世界的一些姑且叫共识的东西。在家庭里,长至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之间的关系；在家庭外,人们在同性间最亲密的朋友身上发现如姐妹般的奉献,如兄弟般的忠诚。在德国,朋友经常被带进家庭,孩子们叫他们父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法国,人们会挑选有着相同见解和观念的人作为朋友,朋友之间会为了生活的空间和态度的分歧激烈的争执。但对于友谊建立在双方共同的感觉的德国人来说,如果在双方都认为重要的问题上产生了尖锐的分歧,那就是极大的不幸。就像亲属关系一样,友谊的纽带是绝对有约束力的。来到美国的年轻德国人很难与美国人建立这样的友谊。我们对友谊的看法更具试探性,随着人们搬家、换工作、结婚或发现新的兴趣爱好,友谊的强度会发生变化。

5.单选题

Artificialdiamondisindistinguishablefromgenuineone,butmuchcheaper.

问题1选项

A.differentialin

B.indifferentto

C.differentiablefrom

D.identicalto

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。横线单词indistinguishablefrom意为“难以分辨，别无二致”；A选项“differentialin”意为“在……有差别的”；B选项“indifferentto”意为“不在乎……；对……漠不关心”；C选项“differentiablefrom”意为“区别于”；D选项“identicalto”意为“同一的，同样的；和……相同”。句意：人造钻石与真钻石难以区别，但便宜得多。由题干可知，but是表转折的并列连词。but后是便宜得多，如果人造钻石和真钻石有区别的话，构不成转折的关系，所以此处表达的是人造钻石和真钻石难以区分，但是还便宜得多。由此可知，indistinguishablefrom在此处最可能是“难以分辨”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。

6.写作题

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（5%）

WhoisConfucius（孔子）？

【答案】略

7.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

问题2选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

问题3选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题4选项

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

问题5选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:作者不习惯讨价还价。B:亚洲人买东西总是讲价。C:在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的。D:作家准备和那个女人讨价还价。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我决定买一条那样的裙子，我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲，讨价还价是一种习俗)。由此得知，B项和D项正确。第五段还指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老挝，讨价还价是以较低的声音，和一种轻松平静的方式进行的)。因此C项正确。只有A项在原文中找不到线索，故选A。

第2题:细节事实题。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(对于我能够说一些她们国家的语言她感到非常高兴，虽然我说的大部分都是一些数字，但是在她看来我是非常清楚这种轻松愉悦的讨价还价的方式的)。由此可知这位姑娘因作者能够说她们国家的语言和懂得相关的讨价还价的方式而感到高兴。后面接着写到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常开心，以至于让我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出价)。因此C项“感到高兴，因为作者知道她们讨价还价的方法”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开)。故选C项“她想做点什么作为补偿”。

第4题:细节事实题。倒数第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我学会了抗拒困难，不知不觉中，我也学会了不被温柔轻松俘获)。由此可见，作者没哭是因为她已经学会让情绪不轻易受到影响，故选A项“她已经学会了保持冷静”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(对于她的这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了……)。因此作者最后还是哭了是因为当她再次打开包装想看一下这些裙子时才发现这位老挝姑娘送了自己五条长长的丝带，因此C项“她没有控制住自己的情绪”正确。

8.单选题

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

问题1选项

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B选项active“积极的；活跃的”；C选项substantial“大量的；实质的”；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”。句意:工业区应该离拥挤的中心足够近，但要足够远，以减少潜在的危险。所选之词应修饰hazards(危险)，而且其意应为“潜在的或可能发生的”危险。故选D。

9.单选题

Hewas_______totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

问题1选项

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。综合选项可知，本题考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，toomuchthecoward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Humanrelationshavecommandedpeople'sattentionfromearlytimes.Thewaysofpeopledealingwiththeirrelationshavebeenrecordedininnumerablemyths,folktales,novels,poems,plays,andpopularorphilosophicalessays.Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident,thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences."Intuitive"knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior,whereasinthephysicalsciencessuchcommonsenseknowledgeisrelativelyprimitive.Ifweerasedallknowledgeofscientificphysicsfromourmodernworld,notonlywouldwenothavecarsandtelevisionsets,wemightevenfindthattheordinarypersonwasunabletocopewiththefundamentalmechanicalproblemsofpulleysandlevers.Ontheotherhandifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationsmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill"know"howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill"know"whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe"whys"ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.Kohler,inreferringtothelackofgreatdiscoveriesinpsychologyascomparedwithphysics,accountsforthisbysayingthat"peoplewereacquaintedwithpracticallyallterritoriesofmentallifealongtimebeforethefoundingofscientificpsychology".

Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitivecommonsensecapacitytograsphumanrelations,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.Differentexplanationsofthisparadoxhavebeensuggested.Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves;butwemightaskwhypeoplehavealwayslovedtoreadpessimistic,debunkingwritings,fromEcclesiastestoFreud.Ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically;whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?Inanycase,thefieldofhumanrelations,withitsvastliterarydocumentationbutmeagerscientifictreatment,isingreatcontrasttothefieldofphysicsinwhichtherearerelativelyfewnonscientificbooks.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeensuggestedthatthescienceofhumanrelationswasslowtodevelopbecause（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingclaimssupportstheauthor'sstatementthat"psychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anunderstandingoftheselfcanbe

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorassumesthatcommonsenseknowledgeofhumanrelationsis（

）.

问题1选项

A.intuitiveknowledgeofhumanrelationsisderivedfromphilosophy

B.earlyscientistsweremoreinterestedinthephysicalworld

C.scientificstudiesofhumanrelationsappeartoinvestigatetheobvious

D.thescientificmethodisdifficulttoapplytothestudyofhumanrelations

问题2选项

A.Commonsenseunderstandingofhumanrelationscanbeincisive

B.Thefullmeaningofahumanrelationshipmaynotbeobvious

C.Intuitiveknowledgeinthephysicalsciencesisrelativelyadvanced

D.Subjectivebiasisdifficulttocontrolinpsychologicalresearch

问题3选项

A.highlybiasedduetounconsciousfactors

B.profoundevenwhenvaguelyconceived

C.improvedbyspecializedtraining

D.irrelevantforunderstandinghumanrelations

问题4选项

A.equallywelldevelopedamongalladultswithinagivensociety

B.biasedinsofarasitisbasedonmythsandfolktales

C.typicallyunrelatedtoanindividual'sinteractionswithotherpeople

D.usuallysufficientlyaccuratetofacilitateinteractionswithothers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘人类关系的科学发展缓慢是因为什么？’文章最后一段首先指出Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphuman,relations,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.“矛盾是，人类拥有如此本能来经营人际关系，而有关人际关系处理的技巧却在最后一批得到发展”，而这一句话之后的内容就是对这一矛盾的解释，根据本段倒数第二句whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?“人们为何要为一个明白的事实去系统进行观测，再建立起一套理论呢？”可以推断出C选项“有关人际关系的科学研究似乎是在研究显而易见的事情”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘下列哪一项主张支持作者“心理学在科学中占有独特地位”的说法?’根据第一段的Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident,thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences.“虽然人际关系的全部意义可能不是直接显而易见的，但一眼就能理解的情感和行为的复杂性是惊人的巨大。因此，心理学在科学中占有独特的地位。确定A选项“对人际关系的常识性知识了解可以是深刻的”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘根据这篇文章，对自我的理解可以……?’由第一段中“Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.换句话说，普通人对自己和他人有着深刻而伟大的理解，尽管这些理解尚未形成或只是模糊的构想，但却能使人以或多或少具有合适的方式与他人互动。”确定B选项“即使只是在模糊的意识层面，也能有深刻的了解”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘我们可以推断，作者假定关于人际关系的常识是……？’根据第一段中“Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.另一方面，如果我们把所有的科学心理学知识从我们的世界中移除，人际关系中的问题可能会像以前一样容易处理和解决。我们仍然知道如何避免做别人要求我们做的事情，如何让别人同意我们的观点;我们仍然知道什么时候有人生气，什么时候有人高兴。人们甚至可以对自己的许多行为和感受的原因做出合理的解释。”确定D项“一般足够正确能与他人顺利进行交往”正确；并确定C学习“与个人同他人的交往通常不相关”不正确；A选项“在某一特定社会内所有的成年人中等同地形成”和B选项“在它基于的神话和民间故事范围内是有偏见的”在文中没有提及，排除。

11.单选题

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

问题1选项

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

问题2选项

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

问题3选项

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

问题4选项

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

问题5选项

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，古埃及人_______。由关键词定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已经知道很多有不好的结果的肿瘤，对应第四个选项，malignanttumors是指恶性肿瘤。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：关于过去的癌症，下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持？文章并没提到古人是否活到容易患癌症的年龄，排除A选项；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，说明过去人们不是不恐惧癌症，而是这种恐惧并没称为焦点，排除B选项；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被认为优雅的是死于肺结核，排除C选项；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”说明他们将癌症归因于心理和行为原因，因此D选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：下面哪个选项是被称为“现代病”的癌症的原因？根据题干关键词“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌症死亡令人恐惧，下一句就说RoyPorter将其说成是“最卓越的现代病，Mukherjee称之为“现代最典型的产物”，说明人们对癌症的理解改变了。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：提到“神经衰弱”和糖尿病是因为_____。文中最后一句提到了关键词“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelieve