Unit 2 Words and expressions 单词讲义-人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册

Unit2WordsandExpressionslookintothefuture/distance展望未来；眺望远方abox/amirror往盒子里看；照镜子one'seyes窥探某人的眼睛lookinto(amatter/problem)调查（问题）prosandcons(ofadvancesintechnology)（科技进步的）利弊=theadvantagesanddisadvantages(ofsth./doingsth.)bemeant/intendedtodosth.目的是做某事、旨在做某事Festivalsaremeanttocelebrateimportanttimesofyear.persuadevt.劝说，说服persuasion[U]劝说，说服(力)persuasiveadj.有说服力的；劝说的persuadesb.todosth./odoingsth.说服了某人做某事=convincesb.todosth.=odoingsth.persuadesb.nottodosth./outofdoingsth.说服了某人不要做...=convincesb.nottodosth.=talksb.outofdoingsth.Compare:advisesb.(not)todosth.=trytopersuadesb.todosth.劝说某人（不）做某事；试图说服某人（不）做某persuade强调结果，advise强调过程distantadj.遥远的，远处的；不友好的，冷淡的distantlyadv.要原地；冷淡地distancen.Theairportisdistantfromthedowntown.Patsoundedverycoldanddistantonthephone.【词块积累】bedistantfrom离…远inthedistance在远处(=distantly)atadistanceof(5metres)在...距离removethedistancebetween...and...消除...之间的距离keepsb.atadistance与…保持一定距离，对…冷淡secureadj.安全/安心/可靠/牢固的vt.获得(obtain,earn);拴牢(fastenfirmly);保护(protectagainst)insecureadj.不安全的securelyadv.安全地;牢固地;被妥善保管地;有把握地securityn.[U]保护措施；安全工作【词块积累】besecureabout对…感到安心besecure/keepsbsecure(from/againstattack/harm)使/让某人保持安全（免受...）forsecurityreasons由于安全原因asecurejob/income稳定的工作/收入Nocomputersystemcanbe(kept)completelysecureagainst/fromtheft/attack.Somemeasuresareneededtosecuretheriverbankfromfloods.我们需要采取一些措施保护河堤以免被洪水冲坏。integratedadj.各部分密切协调的;综合的integratevi&vt（使）合并，成为一体integration[C&U]综合；一体化；融化integratedsensors集成的传感器ahighly/fully/totallyintegratedteam/community高度/充分融合的团队/社区【词块积累】integrate(...)with/into...（使某物）合并到..里（成为一体）;使…融入（团体）(ateam/school/community)We'relookingforpeoplewhocanintegratewith/intoateam.（表动作）Colorfulillustrationsareintegratedintothetext.表状态）efficientadj.高效/能率的(atsth./doingsth.)efficientlyadv.效率高地;有效地;efficiencyn.效率；效能Compare:effectiveadj.有效的，产生预期效果的effectivelyadv.有效地effect[C&U]效果，效应，影响mode[C]（设备运行）模式;（正式）方式，方法，风格(way,means)anenergy-efficientmode节能模式(be)inwork/holiday/driverlessmode工作/假期/无人驾驶模式anincreasinglypopularmodeoflife/communication/transport/expression日益流行的生活/交流/交通/表达方式routinen.[U&C]thenormalorusualorder/wayofdoingsth.常规,惯例;例行事物adj.常规的;日常的【词块积累】dailyroutine日常生活习惯aroutinetask/medicalexamination常规任务；日常体检getintoaroutine养成一套习惯Makeexercise(a)partofyourdailyroutine.使锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。preference【U】偏好，偏爱；【C】偏爱的东西prefervt.更喜欢；宁愿preferableadj.可取的，更合适的【词块积累】have/expressapreferenceforsb/sth.偏好/表示偏好某人/物He

is

interested

in

all

subjects,

but

he

has

a

(particular)

preferenceforEnglish.

instantn.[aninstant]瞬间;片刻(moment,while,minute)adj.立即的(immediate);速食的;速溶的instantlyadv.立即马上(immediately)conj.一…就…(immediately)【词块积累】instantcoffee速食咖啡theinstant/moment/minute/second(that)...=instantly/immediately/directly=assoonas一…（就…）补充：一…（就…）hardly/scarcely…when…（主句用haddone,从句用did）nosooner…than…on/upon+v-ing/名词YourlightswillcomeontheinstantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavoritemusicorTVprogrammesandyouwillfindyourdinneralreadypreparedforyou.respondtosth.对...做出（口头/书面）回答，回复(replyto,answer);对...做出反应、回应(reactto);（机械、动作等）对指令反应灵敏;（人/病）对drugs/treatment见效eg:Thecarrespondswelltothecontrols.这辆车操纵灵敏。Thepatient/Hercancerfailedtorespondtotreatment.治疗不见起色。command[C]指令,命令(order)[U]指挥，控制,管辖(control)；[a~]掌握（知识、语言）；vt.（国王、将军等）命令;统帅；commander[C]指挥官，司令官【词块积累】givethecommand/order下命令obeyone'scommand/order服从某人命令(be)underone'scommand/thecommandofsb.受某人指挥beincommand(oftroops,oneself,situation)在(...)负责、控制、指挥下have/takecommandof开始管辖、指挥、控制have(a)good/excellentcommandof...掌握,精通...commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事commandthat宾从[(should)dosth.]命令…warningn.[C,U]警告，警示，先兆；[C]警告，警戒adj.警告的，告诫的warnvi&vt警告，告诫，提醒【词块积累】send/give/issue/soundawarningof/about…关于…的警告warningagainststh不要做某事的警告warningsigns预警征兆warnsbof/aboutsth警告某人某事warnsb(not)todosth警告某人(不)要做某事warnsbagainst(doing)sth警告某人不要做某事warn(sb)that…警告(某人)某事keep/losetrackofsb/sth了解/不了解某人事的动态;与某人保持/失去联系eg:BothofXiaoBo'sappskeeptrackofthestepshetakes.Itishardtokeeptrackofallone'soldschoolfriends.track[C]（踩出来的）小道，小径；（人、兽）足迹，车辙；轨道；跑道）constant(ly)adj.&adv.经常的/地；持续不断的/地；恒定的keepinconstantcontactwithsb.经常/一直与某人保持联系driveataconstantspeedof50m.p.h每小时50英里恒定速度驾驶abnormaladj.不正常的，反常的；畸形的，变态的abnormallyadv.不正常地,反常地normaladj.正常的normallyadv.通常;正常地ab-前缀表示“不”“非”如：absentadj.缺席的presentadj.到场的【词块积累】abnormalbehavior/weatherconditions反常行为/天气状况criticaladj.（病情、形势）严重的,危急的(serious);关键的，极其重要的(crucial/vital);批判性的criticallyadv.危重地；极其（重要地）；批判地,挑剔地criticizevt.批评criticismn.[U]批评criticn[C]批评家，评论家/员【词块积累】haveacriticalillness患有严重的疾病acriticalsituation/moment危急形势/时刻becriticalto/forsb/sth对...至关重要=beofcriticalimportancetosb/sth=becriticallyimportantto/for...Itiscritical(forsb.)todosth.（某人）做某事至关重要be(srtrongly/highly)criticalofsb/sth（强烈/严厉）批评某人/事potentiallyadv.潜在地;可能地potentialadj.可能的;潜在的n.[U]潜力;可能性【词块积累】apotentiallydangeroussituationpotentialcustomer/buyer潜在的顾客potentialbenefits/problems/risks/dangershas/showthepotentialforsth./todosth.有做某事的潜力/可能achieve/fulfil/realizeone's(full)potential发挥某人（全部）潜力leakvt.&vi.（屋顶/管道/容器）渗漏（液体/气体）outof/from/through;泄露、透露（秘密、信息）[C]漏铜，裂缝；eg:Theroof/pipeline/carstartedtoleak(water/gas/oil)badly.leaksth.tosb(reporters/thepress)把....泄露、透露给某人leakoutvi.(信息）被透露、泄露aleaking/leakypipe正在渗漏/有漏铜的管道aleakedreport已外泄的报告aleakintheroof/pipe一处房顶管道漏洞electricaladj.电的;与电有关的electricadj.用电的；电动的；发电的；导电的electronic(games)adj.电子的（电子游戏）electricity[U]电力；电流electricalequipment/appliances/engineers电气设备/电器商品/电器/电气工程师receiveanelectricshock触电electriclight/cooker/current/power电灯、电炉具、电流、电力wire[C]电线;金属丝/线);vt.接通电源wiring[U]电线线路;线路系统（总称）wirelessadj.无线的detectvt.discoverornoticesth.especiallynoteasytoseeorhear发现,查明,侦查出（不易觉察到的东西）detective[C]侦探detection[U]侦查；察觉；发觉；检查detector[C]探测器eg:Manyformsofcancercanbecuredifdetectedearly.Earlydetectionofthediseaseisvital.relevantadj.（与话题）有关的,切题的;(directlyconnected)有实际意义或价值的(importantanduseful)relevantlyadv.相应地；重要地relevance[U]关联性；意义，价值irrelevantadj.无关的irrelevance[U&C]无关紧要（事务）berelevanttosb/sth与...相关;对...有价值/意义beirrelevanttosb/sthadj.与...不相关;对...无关紧要的eg：Thesharingeconomyisincreasingly/directlyrelevanttoourdailylivesaswellastotheglobaleconomy.=Thesharingeconomyhasincreasing/directrelevancytoourdailylivesaswellastotheglobaleconomy.“火”了！catchfire（开始）着火beonfire在着火，在燃烧setsth.onfire/setfiretosth.放火烧某物start/causeafire引发一场火灾putoutafire扑灭火灾Afirebrokeout.发生一场火灾Thefirewentout.大火熄灭了。fantasy[C]幻想产物，幻想作品(fantasies)[U]幻想,想象fantasticadj.=excellent,extremelygood,wonderfulEg:Thissmarttechnologyisnotafantasy.Stoplookingfortheperfectjob－it'sjustafantasy.havefantasiesabout/ofdoing对（做某事）抱有幻想liveinafantasyworld生活在幻想世界afantasticamount/sumof极多的/极大一笔的...afantasticscheme/project不切实际的方案/工程=impracticalafantasticdream/tale荒诞的梦/故事innovation[C]新观念/方法/发明(in)；[U]创新,革新(introduction)innovatevi.&vt.改革，创新;引入,创造（新事物/思想/方法）(introduce)innovativeadj.新颖的（方法等）；运用新观念或方法的（人）eg:Manyofthesenewinnovationsarealreadyavailableandbeingusedinsomehomes.recent/thelatest(technological)innovations(inindustry/languageteaching)最近/最新（技术）（...）的革新Wemustconstantlyadaptandinnovatenewproductsandservicestoensuresuccessinagrowingmarket.我们必须时常适应并创新推出新产品和服务，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。aninnovativeapproachtolanguageteaching具有创意的语言教学方法availableadj.可获得的,可购,可利用的；(人)有空的（作前后置定语、表语、宾补）【词块积累】beavailable(online/from/in/at…)(在网上/从…)能够获得/找到/买到/利用be/become/bemadeavailableto/forsb./sth.能够获得/找到/买到...neverthelessadv.inspiteofthis/that,despitewhathasjustbeenmentioned尽管如此;不过;然而Compare：howeveradv.不过;然而（用来引出意外或不一样的情况）（两者都可位于首、句中、句尾）Marchisusuallyreallycold.Thisyear,however,theweatherwassurprisinglymild.Alotofpeoplearecomingtothemeeting.Nevertheless,thereshouldbeenoughseatsforeveryone.Unit2WordsandExpressions(II)combinevt./vi.(使)结合;混合combinationn.联合体;混合体;联合;混合combinedadj.结合的，合并的【词块积累】combine…and/with…把…与…合并combineagainststh. 合起来反对……incombinationwith(与…)联合eg:1.Youshouldtrytocombineexercisewithahealthydiet.2.Hydrogenandoxygencombinetoformwater.3.Thenewtreatmentcanbeusedindividuallyorincombinationwiththetraditionalone.predictvt.预测;预言;预料(近：forecast)predictionn.预测;预言predictableadj.可以预料的，可以推测的【词块积累】Itispredictedthat…据推测makeapredictionabout…进行推测Eg:1.Itispredictedthatmostpeoplewillliveincitiesinthenearfuture.2.Heisunwillingtomakeapredictionaboutwhowillwinthefirstplacethissemester.forecast(forecast或forecasted)vt./n.预测;预报weatherforecast:天气预报1.Someexpertsareforecastingarecoveryintheeconomy.2.Heavyrainisforecast/forecastedfortonight.occupationn.职业;占领occupyv.占领;占据;担任Compare:occupation(泛指任何一种工作,通常不用来谈论自己的职业,多用于表格填写或正式书面语中)professionn.职业;行业(指需要经过专业培训的职业,尤指需要较高的受教育水平的职业)careern.职业;事业(指从事的职业或希望毕生从事的事业)eg:1.Pleasewritedownyourname,age,andoccupation.opposevt.反对;抵制;阻挠opposedoing…:反对做…beopposedto+名词/doing…反对(做)…eg:Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposedevelopingdriverlesscars.henceadv.因此;由此(正式用词)thereforeadv.因此;所以thusadv.因此;所以(与therefore基本同义,正式，多用于书面语)soconj.因此;所以ceasevi./vt.(使)停止;终止(正式用词)【词块积累】ceasedoing...=ceasetodo...:停止做什么stopdoing…:停止正在做的.../stoptodo…:停下来去做...withoutcease=withoutstopping=nonstop不停地，持续地eg:1.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.2.Youceasetogrowonceyoustoplearning.deceasedadj.已死的;亡故的(正式用词)deadadj.死的;去世的(普通用词)thedeceased死者eg：Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologizedfortheaccident,butthefamiliesofthedeceasedsaiditwasnotenough.absencen.不存在;缺乏;缺席absentadj.缺席;缺少;无【词块积累】intheabsenceof…缺乏duringone’sabsence某人不在期间beabsentfrom…缺席...eg:Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.advocatev.提倡;支持;拥护n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者advocatedoing...提倡/支持/拥护做什么advocate+that(should)...Itisadvocatedthat...[(should)do...]人们主张/提倡…应该做…eg:1.Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.2.Manyteachersad