Unit 2 Words and expressions 单词讲义-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit2WordsandExpressionsabusen.滥用;虐待;辱骂vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂abuseone’spower/position/privilege滥用职权/特权verbalabuse言语上的辱骂/childabuse虐待儿童/drugabuse 滥用药物1.Abusing(abuse)childrenisacommonphenomenoninsomecountries.2.Alotofvolunteerswereorganizedtogethertoprotectthoseabused(abuse)pets.3.(英译中)Theofficerwaschargedfortheabuseofpower.那个军官被控告滥用职权。dominatevt.&vi.支配,控制;占有优势;俯视dominationn.控制；影响dominance n.支配地位;优势dominatingadj.主要的；独裁的；有影响力的dominatinglyadv.有领导作风地；独裁地dominantadj.首要的,占支配地位的bedominatedby由……主宰;由某人所控制、支配dominatethecity俯视全城dominatethematch/war在比赛/战争中占上风dominatingfigure主要人物；强势人物dominatingfactor主导因素achieve/establishdominanceover获得对……的控制【拓展】“统治”词汇rule统治;govern掌控;regulate调控;manage管理Thedominant(dominate)featureoftheroomwasthelargefireplace.Thelatestfightingappearstobeanattemptbyeachgrouptoestablishdominance(dominate)overtheother.

Thebookisexpectedtodominate(dominate)thebest-sellerlists.inresponseto回答;答复to是介词，后跟n.代词或者v-ingresponsen.回复，回应respondvi.回答，做出反应respondbydoingsth通过做某事回应respondto对…作出反应、回应，回复=makearesponsetorespondwith用…回应respondwithasmile报以微笑inresponseto响应；回答；对……有反应eg:You’llhavetorespondto(回复)yourfriend’semailatyourconvenience.Theyfiredtheclerkinresponseto(回应)thepublicdemand.Ifsomeonedoesyouafavor,pleaserespondwitha“thankyou”.Theworldcommunityhasbeenslowtorespondtothecrisis.I’mwritingtohaveabriefintroductionofBeijingOperainresponsetoyourrequest.rewardn.回报;奖励;报酬vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬rewarding adj.有益的,值得的;有报酬的n.回报;奖励;报酬inreward(for)作为（对…的）回报asarewardfor...作为……的报酬;作为……的回报arewardfor(doing)sth因（做）某事而获得奖励give/offerarewardtosbforsth因为某事给某人奖励vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬:rewardsbwithsth用某物奖励某人rewardsbfor(doing)sth因为（做）某事奖励某人eg:Wegavehimagiftasarewardforhiskindness.Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.Theyrewardedthewinnerswithgiftsoffruitsandflowerswhenthematchended.1.(全国卷Ⅲ)Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice.

2.TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewarding(reward)experience.3.(一句多译)我很乐意带你游玩北京,以报答你的慷慨相助。I’mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijingasarewardforyourgeneroushelp.I’mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijinginrewardforyourgeneroushelp.relyon依赖,依靠;信任，信赖reliableadj.可信赖的;可依赖的;可靠的relyon…todo/doingsth指望/相信…会做某事relyonone’sdoingsth依赖/信任/指望…(做)某事relyonitthat...相信……;指望……(=dependonitthat…)eg:Thosewhoyoucanrelyonatanytimearereliable(rely)friends.Youmayrelyonitthattheworkwillbefinishedsoon.[一句多译]你可以相信,你有困难时我会帮助你。Youcanrelyonmetohelp(help)youwhenyouareintrouble.

YoucanrelyonitthatIcanhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.Youcanrelyonmyhelping(help)youwhenyouareintrouble.repeatedlyadv.重复地repeatv.重复说(或写)；重复做；重播(节目)repeatedadj.重复的repetitionn.重复Theboss’srepeatedwarningsmademanyofmyfriendsunhappy.Hecouldalsohavecutoutmuchoftherepetitionandthussavedmanypages.examinevt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验examinationn.检查;考试examinern.主考人;检查员eg:Theapplicantswillbeexamined(examine)inthreemainareas:speaking,listeningandreadingcomprehension.

Ihadtoundergoamedicalexamination(examine)whenIstartedthework.Weneedtoexaminehowanaccidentlikethiscanbeavoidedinthefuture.pessimisticadj.悲观的；悲观主义的pessimisticallyadv.悲观地pessimismn.悲观；悲观主义者pessimistn.悲观主义bepessimisticabout…对……很悲观pessimisticviewoflife悲观的人生观optimisticadj.乐观的optimisticallyadv.乐观地optimismn.乐观主义optimistn.乐观主义者eg:Allthefamiliesarepessimisticabouttheirlifeinthefuture.Althoughtheyliveinpoverty,theyarenotpessimists(pessimistic)atall.Shehaslostherjobandislivingquitepessimistically(pessimist)alldaylong.Mikedoesn’tthinkwellofthesocietyandheisamanofpessimism(pessimist).decideon决定;选定decideon/uponsth/doingsth就某事作出决定/决心要做某事decide/determinetodosth.决定做某事（动作）bedeterminedtodosth.决定做某事(状态)decisionn.决定makeadecision(on...) 做决定Therestaurantdecidesonemploying(employ)apopsinger.makeupone’smind下定决心bear/keep...inmind记住……bring...tomind使……想起changeone’smind改变主意have...inmind考虑;想要fixone’smindon/upon将注意力集中于……readone’smind看出某人的心思注意：makeupone’smind中的名词mind有数的变化,根据one’s的单复数来确定mind的单复数。记住你告诉我的话并不容易。Itisnoteasytobear/keepinmindwhatyouhavetoldme.我们已下定决心,要按时完成这项工作。Wehavemadeupourmindstofinishtheworkonposevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写composern.作曲家compositionn.作品，作曲，作文composealetter/speech/poem撰写信函/讲稿/诗歌becomposedof由……组成=bemadeupof=consistof 1.Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.2.IwassoconfusedthatIcouldhardlycomposemythoughts.3.Mozartcomposedhislastoperashortlybeforehedied.Regardlessofthetypeofbusinessyouown,yourworkwillbecomposedofthosethreeitems.Theteam,made(make)upofparticipantsthroughoutthecountry,rushedtotherescueofpeopletrappedintheruins.Theirdietconsisted(consist)largelyoffreshvegetables,resultingintheirhealthylifestyle.disturbvt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼disturbingadj.引起烦恼的,令人不安的disturbedadj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的;心神不安的disturbancen.干扰;骚乱disturbsb.withsth.用某事打扰某人1.(全国Ⅰ)Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomethingdisturbing(disturb)happeningaroundhishome.2.Neighborsshoulddoalltheycantoavoiddisturbingotherpeople,buttherearetimeswhensomelevelofdisturbance(disturb)isunavoidable.3.(天津)Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowstoavoiddisturbing(disturb)thePresident’sworkconsultantn.顾问；高级顾问医师consultv.咨询,请教;商议,商量;查阅consultwithsb.与某人协商consultsb.about/onsth.就某事与某人协商/咨询consultadictionary查阅词典eg:Nowyouhadbetterconsultwithaphysician.Ifyouhaveanytroubleinyourwork,youcanconsultthisbook.YoucanconsultMrWuabout/onyourhealthbecauseheisawell-knowndoctor.WeinviteDr.Liasourconsultant(consult)inthenextfiveyears.YoucanturntoMrGreenforconsultation(consult)ifyouwanttosolvethisproblem.stressedout焦虑不安；心力交瘁stressn.压力;紧张;重音;强调v强调,着重;重读;(使)焦虑不安stressfuladj.(事物)压力重的,紧张的stressedadj.(人)焦虑不安的understress在压力下relieve/reducestress缓解压力lay/put/placestresson/upon强调；着重于stresstheimportanceof强调……的重要性1.(2020天津)Oneofthemoststressful(stress)daysofSusanMcFrederick'slifewaswatchinghersongetwheeledawayforsurgeryhoursafterhewasbornin2011.2.Ifyoufeelstressedoutbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifygreatnessandlessimportance.3.Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.wornout筋疲力尽的；疲惫的wearv.穿,戴;磨损;留,蓄;流露;耐用(wore-worn)wearout用坏,穿破;磨损wearsbout使筋疲力尽;使厌烦bewornout疲倦的；困乏的；磨损的；破烂的wearwell耐用,耐穿,耐磨(vi)wearabeard留胡须1.(2020江苏改编)不管你认为自己有多聪明，太多有趣的抱怨也会让人厌烦。Nomatterhowsmartyouthinkyouare,toomanyfunnycomplaintscanwearpeopleout2.孩子们玩了一整天，都累坏了。Thechildren,allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.3.Yet,ourcellsmightwearoutandasaresult,wegetoldandeventuallydie.absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收；理解；掌握absorbedadj.全神贯注的absorboneselfin某人全神贯注于/专注于=beabsorbedinbeabsorbedinto…被……吸收；被并入……absorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意力表示“全神贯注于”的短语还有:belostin全神贯注于;沉浸于beburiedin埋头于;专心于beoccupiedin忙于1.(2019全国Ⅱ)ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.2.(2018全国Ⅲ)Webothbecameabsorbed(absorb)inthesimplicityofplayingtogether.3.Ashewasabsorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.4.(2020全国I)事实上,大多数人只理解说话人传达出的大约20%的信息。Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage.5.(2019全国I)Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthatisplentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthvitaminD.防晒霜开始起作用约需要15分钟，那段时间足够你的皮肤吸收一天所需的维生素D.refreshvt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新refreshingadj.使人凉爽的;令人耳目一新的refreshedadj.（人）精力充沛的;感到凉爽的Hefoundaswimveryrefreshing(refresh)onahotday.Hefeltrefreshed（refresh）afterthat.Ifyouaretired,agoodnight’ssleepwillrefresh（refresh）you.Manyviewthesemeetingsasanoccasiontorefresh（refresh）friendship.monthlyadv.每月adj.每月一次的n.月刊n.+-ly→adj.:lovely可爱的;timely及时的;motherly母亲般的;brotherly兄弟般的;daily每天的; weekly每周的;