考研考博-英语-北京航空航天大学北海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京航空航天大学北海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thedrugsmust（

）ineverywaytothestandardssetupbythegovernment.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.confirm

C.comply

D.correspond

【答案】A

【解析】句意:药物必须符合政府设定的各项标准。

动词辨析。Conform符合,一般是conformto;confirm证实;comply顺从,遵守,一般是complywith;correspond符合，一致,后接to时表示“与…对应/相呼应”。分析题干结构可知ineveryway是表程度，空白处后而接的介词是to,并且整个部分需表示“符合，遵守”的意思，故答案选项为A。

2.翻译题

Drinkingwaterandwaterfordomesticuseoftencomefromgroundwater.Inordertoprotectthiswater,localwaterauthoritiescanapplytolocaladministrativeauthoritiestomarkcertainlocationsaswaterprotectionareas.Thesizeoftheseareasiscalculatedinsuchawaythatthequantityofgroundwatertakenfromthemcorrespondstotheactualrainfallgoingintothem.Inthewaterprotectionareascertainusesofthelandandactivitiesonthelandarebannedorrestricted.Waterprotectionareasfallintothreezones.Zone3istheoutermostzonewithadiameterof4kilometersaroundthegroundwaterwell.Herenochemicalworksortheusesofpesticidesareallowed.Zone2isdeterminedaroundtheso-called50-dayline.Itisassumedthatafter50daystheharmfulbacteriainthegroundwaterwilldepositanddieoff.Heresettlementsandfertilizerstorageareforbidden.Zone1markstheten-meterboundaryaroundthewell.Here,anyuseoftheland,aswellasaccessbyunauthorizedpersons,isforbidden.

【答案】饮用水和生活用水通常来自地下水。为了保护这一水域，地方水务主管部门可以向地方行政主管部门申请将某些地点标记为水保护区。这些地区的面积是这样计算的：从这些地区抽取的地下水的数量与进入这些地区的实际降雨量相对应。在水保护区，土地的用途是规定好的，而在土地上从事某种活动是被禁止或限制的。水保护区分为三个区。第三区是最外围的区域，在地下水井方圆4公里范围内，这里不允许建立化工厂，使用杀虫剂。第二区大概是由所谓的50天线所决定的。普遍认为地下水中的有害细菌在50天后会沉积并死亡。在第二区不准建立住房或者肥料仓库。第一区是地下水井方圆十米的范围。在这里，禁止任何土地使用活动或者未经授权的人进入。

3.单选题

Butforhishelp,I（）.

问题1选项

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Butfor表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项didnotsucceed过去时；B选项hadnotsucceeded过去完成时；C选项shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项havenotsucceeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。

4.单选题

ManyfarmsintheSouthernUnitedStates（）hayandtobaccoandexportthemtootherpartsofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.store

B.fertilize

C.sow

D.yield

【答案】D

【解析】fertilize使肥沃；sow播种；yield出产。句意：美国南部的许多农场生产干草和烟草,并出口到美国其他地区。选项D最符合语境。

5.单选题

Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto（

）themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.adapt

C.regulate

D.coordinate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己适应于……”，suitto“合适于，相称”；没有搭配regulateto和coordinateto，可排除C和D选项。句意：新来的人发现他们不可能使自己充分适应新国家的气候，而永久定居。因此选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Yourexcusethatanelephantfellonyouandmadeyoulateisjust（

）.

问题1选项

A.inevitable

B.incredible

C.indispensable

D.incurable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inevitable意为“不可避免的”；incredible意为“不能相信的，难以置信的”；indispensable意为“不可或缺的，必不可少的”；incurable意为“无法治愈的”。由“anelephantfellonyou（一只大象落在你身上）”导致迟到这样的借口，通常会让人觉得这是难以置信的，因此选B。

句意：你找的借口说一只大象落在你身上，使你迟到了，这根本是不可信的。

7.案例题

Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressaythestudentgoesoutwithherfriends.Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork.Asaconsequence,theybegintofeelguilty,andthenwasteevenmoretimewishingtheyhadnotallowedthemselvestobedistracted.

Whensomeoneelseisorganizingourtimeforus,asforinstanceduringlessonsorworkinghours,wedonotnecessarilyworkmoreefficiently,butatleastwearesubjecttothedisciplineofaroutine.Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises.

Iknowtwowriterswhoseemtoworkinquitedifferentways.Bobisextremelymethodical.Hearrivesathisofficeat9a.m.andiscreativeuntil12:30.At2p.m.hereturnstohisdeskandiscreativeuntil5p.m.,whenhegoeshomeandswitchesoffuntilthefollowingmorning.Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper.Suchperiodsofintenseactivityareusuallyfollowedbydayswhenhepottersaroundhisflat,listeningtoMozartandflickingthroughmagazines.

Theirplacesofworkreflecttheirstyles.Bob'sbooksareneatlyarrangedontheshelves;hecanalwaysfindthebookshewants.Alan,ontheotherhand,hasbooksandmagazinesallovertheplace.Theyareabouteverysubjectunderthesun,mostlyunconnectedwithhiswork.Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks.

1.Peopleoftenwastetheirtimeby（）.

2.Self-disciplineisneededwhenone（）.

3.WhydoestheauthorsayBobisextremelymethodical?

4.Alanoftengoeswithoutmealsandsleepwhen（）.

5.Alanreadsagreatvarietyofbooksandmagazines,sothat（）.

【答案】1.sparfortime.

2.arrangetimeforhimself.

3.BecauseBobalwaysarrangeswellwithhisdailyscheduleandworkingtools.

4.Allenneedstoburstintothoughtsandrecorditdown,hedoesn'teatnorsleep.

5.sparkinspiration.

【解析】1.根据第一段的第四句"Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork."人们通过拖延时间而浪费时间。

2.根据第二段的最后一句"Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises."当我们组织自己的时间时,自律的产生就很有必要了。

3.根据第三段的内容可知：Bob的生活特别规律,他把自己的作息时间和工作安排的井并有条,所以作者说鲍勃是一个非常有条理的人。

4.根据第三段的倒数第二句"Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper."艾伦的作品灵感迸发,经常为了把自己的想法写在纸上而错过吃饭和睡觉。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句"Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks."尽管如此,他还是有办法利用这些不太可能的信息来照亮他的书。也就是说以便激发灵感。

8.单选题

HereinourUniversity,moreandmorestudentsareoptingforcomputersciencecourses.

问题1选项

A.opposingto

B.choosing

C.neglecting

D.withdrawingfrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。Optfor表示“选择”；A项opposeto“反对”，B项choose“选择”，C项neglect“忽视”，D项withdrawfrom“退出，离开”。句意：在我们大学，越来越多的学生选择了计算机科学课程。因此B项正确。

9.单选题

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

问题1选项

A.decreased

B.solved

C.increased

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。decreased减少；solved解决；increased

増加；ignored忽视。句意：文化误解导致语言问题的増加。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Byastrange____,bothcandidateshavecomeupwiththesamesolutiontotheproblem.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.encounter

C.chance

D.overlap

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.coincidence巧合，同时发生B.encounter偶然遇见

C.chance意外，偶然，运气D.overlap重叠

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】后文提到“两位候选人都提出了相同的解决方案”，这是一种巧合，并且该词受strange“奇怪的”修饰，因此A选项coincidence“巧合”符合原文语义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项encounter“偶然遇见”，指意外、突然或暴力的会面；

C选项chance“意外”，与strange“奇怪的”不搭；

D选项overlap“重叠”，指一个物体的一部分与另一个物体的一部分占据相同的区域。

【句意】一个奇怪的巧合，两位候选人都提出了相同的解决方案。

11.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（离子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北风）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（静电）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

问题3选项

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.当大量的正离子存在空气中时，很多人经历不愉快的影响，如头痛、疲劳、易怒、一些特别敏感的人遭受恶心,甚至精神障碍。可知当空气中存在大量正离子时，人们会变得很不舒服。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistralareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.这是在雷暴之前自然发生的，雷暴是指某些国家刮西北风时发生的地震。也有可能是由于人造纤维制成的室内地毯或衣物、电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚造成的。”可知C项“人造地毯上行走”正确。A项“家用电器”与文中提到的“电脑、电视机、复印机的显示屏会产生静电”不符，并不是所有家用电器都会产生静电。B项“naturalmaterials”与原文中的“man-madefibers”不符。D项“在电脑上拷贝电视节目”并没有表明电脑在播放节目，原文提到只有显示屏在播放节目时才会产生静电，故D项错误。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.产生这些的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近喷泉的瀑布，或任何水被喷洒的地方，或形成一个水沫。”可知要产生负离子，必须要有水快速流动。故只有D项“通过旋转器洒水的车辆”符合。

4.推理判断题。Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeironsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生中性离子的小型便携式机器。故A项“电离子器”正确。

5.推理判断题。由第二段“ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.这使得美国地理调查局(USGeographicalSurvey)资助了一个由志愿者组成的观察动物的网络，以便这些灾难袭击加州等脆弱地区之前，就预见它们。”可知科学家相信观察动物的表现可以有效地预测地震。故A项正确。BCD三项内容与原文相反。

12.单选题

Joanisinthedorm,puttingthefinal_____toherspeech.

问题1选项

A.details

B.remarks

C.comments

D.touches

【答案】D

【解析】detail细节,详情；remark注意，言辞；comment评论，意见；touch接触，格调，少许。句意：乔安娜在宿舍里为她的演讲做最后润色。touch可以表示smalldetail（细节中）微小之处，符合句意。

13.单选题

Homeschoolingappearstobeagreatsuccessformiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhenoneparentishomemostofthetime.However，homeschoolingdoesnotworkininner-cityneighborhoodsbecauseparentseitherworkduringthedayoractivelylookforwork.Numerousestimatesbetween1and2millionhavebeenmaderegardingthenumberofhome-schooledchildreninthiscountry.Homeschoolingwillgrowinthefutureascoursematerialsandtutoringsystemsvastlyimprove.

Nottoomanyyearsago，learningathomemeantreadingabookanddoinghomeworkwithtutoringfromaparentoroldersibling.Today,homeshaveanoutstandingtutoravailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thistutorneverlosesitspatience，becomesupset,turnscritical,orscoldsachildforpoorperformance.Infact,thenewtutoringsystemconstantlyrecognizesgoodperformanceandprovidespraiseforprogressinlearning.Thistutoristhemultimediapersonalcomputer.Fordecades，studentshavebeenlearningviatelevisionprograms.Inrecentyears，studentshavelearnedhowtouseapersonalcomputer.NowtechnologyisbringingtogethertheInternet,video,slides，CD-ROM,andtheinteractivityofacomputertocreatemultimediapresentationsthatstudentsenjoy.

Thecostofthistutoringsystemisabout$1,200.Itcanbeusedforatleastsixyears,sotheannualcostis$200.Iftherearetwostudentsinthefamily,theannualcostdropsto$100perstudent.Inmanyhouseholds,theparentsalsousethecomputer,whichreducestheannualcostevenfurther.

Thetutoringsystemallowshomeschoolerstoexploresubjectswithoutaparentorteachertellingthemwhattodonext.Thecomputeralsoprovidesasafeenvironmentforstudentstotakerisks.Theyseeandhearimmediate,positivereinforcementeverytimetheylearnsomething.Immediate,positiveremediationalsoisavailablewhenthestudentdoesn’tfullyunderstandthelesson.Thecomputeristrulyabreakthroughinstudentlearningandinbuildingself-esteem.

Atfirst,coursewaredevelopersthoughttheyhadtoselltheirproductstocurriculumdirectors,teachercommittees,andschoolboards.Now,thesecompaniessellcoursewaredirectlytoparents.Forexample,insteadofbuyingaleather-boundeditionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica,workingparentscanpurchaseacomputerizedencyclopediafor$35orless.

Coursewarequalityandcoursematerialsimproveannuallybecauseparentsandstudentsbuyonlyhigh-qualityandmotivationalcourses.Withmillionsofhomeschoolersandotherchildrenusingthesematerials,thepricepersubjectnowvariesfrom$20to$40.Intheearlyschoolyears,oneortwocoursewaresystemsaresufficientfortheentireschoolyear.Thecoursewaremarkethasbecomeamulti-million-dollarindustryinwhichqualityincreasesandcostsdecreaseconstantly.

Studieshaveshownthatinteractivecoursewarespeedslearningby30to50percentoverconventionalteachingmethods.Lessonretentionalsoimproves.Manyhomeschoolersneedtostudyonlythreeorfourhours,leavingthemmorethanenoughtimeforextracurricularactivities.

Howwillcoursewareimpactthepublicschools?Itcaneitherbeviewedasasideshowthathasnoplaceinaschoolsystem,whichwouldbeamistake,orpublicschoolscanstudywhycoursewareandhomeschoolinghavesucceeded.Investinginoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystemshavebeenhomeschooling’skeystosuccess.Thisisexactlywhatmostpublicschoolsdonotdo，eventhoughtheyspendmorethan$300billionintaxpayers’money.Instead,theyclaimtheyhavenomoneyforoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystems.

Itshouldalsobenotedthatmosthome-schoolingparentsarenotformerteachers.Manyofthemjusthavehighschooldiplomasorhavestudiedayearortwoincommunitycolleges.Thisinformationindicatesthatcertifiedteacherswithininner-cityschoolscouldbemoresuccessfuliftheirclassroomshadoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems，andtutoringsystems.

Homeschoolingwillgrowinresponsetotheviolenceinschoolsandtotheconstantdroneofmessagesaboutpoorstudentperformance，butitcannotreplaceourpublicschoolssystemsbecausemostparentsaresimplynotavailabletoprovidehomeschooling.Itishoped,however,thatpublicschoolswillbegintoadoptthesuccessfulaspectsofhomeschooling.Insomecommunities,schooldistrictsareworkingwithhome-schoolingfamiliesonspecialclassesandextracurricularactivities.Thispartnershiphelpssolvetheproblemofovercrowdedschoolsandhelpsreducethemassivebuildingcostsassociatedwithnewschoolbuildings.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.ThegrowthofhomeschoolingisduetoseveralfactorsEXCEPT（）.

3.Homeschoolingwillnotreplacepublicschoolsystemsbecause（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor，publicschoolsareexpectedto（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspublicschools?

问题1选项

A.Moderntutorsaremorepatientthanthoseinthepast.

B.Studentsarepraisedwhenevertheylearnnewthings.

C.Coursewarequalityimproveswiththehelpofparents.

D.Tutoringsystemscanhelpstudentsbuildself-esteem.

问题2选项

A.tutors

B.parents

C.coursematerials

D.tutoringsystems

问题3选项

A.mostfamiliescannotaffordthecoursematerials

B.mostparentscannotstayathomeduringtheday

C.teachersofpublicschoolsaremorequalifiedthanparents

D.publicschoolswillalsoinvestinoutstandingcoursematerials

问题4选项

A.studywhyhomeschoolinghassucceeded

B.workwithhomeschoolingfamilies

C.investinoutstandingcoursematerials

D.adoptsuccessfulaspectsofhomeschooling

问题5选项

A.Optimistic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Critical.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句，“Thecomputeristrulyabreakthroughinstudentlearningandinbuildingself-esteem.”，可知通过电脑在辅助教学系统上学习，对学生学习和建立自尊确实是一个突破。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“Homeschoolingwillgrowinthefutureascoursematerialsandtutoringsystemsvastlyimprove.”，可知教材及教学系统是影响家庭教育的因素，排除C和D选项。根据文章第二段，“Today,homeshaveanoutstandingtutoravailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thistutorneverlosesitspatience…”，可知这种教学系统24小时在线，不会失去耐心，也是影响家庭教育增长的一个因素，排除选项A。父母和家庭教育的增长联系并不大，选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句，“However，homeschoolingdoesnotworkininner-cityneighborhoodsbecauseparentseitherworkduringthedayoractivelylookforwork.”，在中心城区，家庭教育并不成功，因为父母要么白天工作，要么积极地寻找工作。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Itishoped,however,thatpublicschoolswillbegintoadoptthesuccessfulaspectsofhomeschooling.”，可以期望公立学校开始采纳家庭教育成功的方面。选项D符合题意。

5.主旨题。根据全文，作者首先提到课程资料和教学系统等方面的发展使家庭教育呈现不断增长的趋势，随后通过学习速度、时间及出色的课程等各方面将家庭教育和传统公立学校进行了对比，家庭教育都是存在优势的。最后作者希望公立学校能采纳家庭教育成功的方面，做一些改进。可推断出，作者对公立学校是存在批判的态度的。学校C符合题意。

14.单选题

Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,（）byhisguide,wouldfindhiswaythroughthejungle.

问题1选项

A.havingbeendeserted

B.havingdeserted

C.tohavebeendeserted

D.tobedeserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项havingdesert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项tohavebeendeserted和D选项tobedeserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项havingbeendeserted相当于whohadbeendeserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

15.单选题

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

问题1选项

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“节奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［乐］速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

16.单选题

Markseemstohaveaverylenientteacherthisyear.

问题1选项

A.helpful

B.friendly

C.intelligent

D.permissive

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.helpful有帮助性的，支持的B.friendly友好的，亲切的

C.intelligent智能的，聪明的D.permissive放任的，纵容的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】本句话表示“马克今年的老师似乎很宽容（lenient）”，划线单词lenient在句中表示“宽容的，仁慈的”，在本句话中表达马克今年的老师很宽容友好，B选项词义与划线单词在句中的含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】

A、C项与划线单词的意思不符合；

D选项permissive“放任的，纵容的”在牛津词典的释义为：允许或表现出许多人不赞成的行为自由，特别是在性方面。是一个偏贬义的词，本句话中并不能体现该含义，排除。

【句意】马克今年的老师似乎很宽容。

17.单选题

Someanalystsconsidertheprocessofautomationasecondindustrialrevolutionwiththepotentialityforasocialupheavalthatmarkedthebirthofthefactoryacenturyandahalfago.Othersinsistitisjustanotherstepinindustry'sprogresstowardgreaterefficiency,nodifferentinitsbasicattributesfromanyofthetechnologicaladvancesthathavehelpedraiseAmericanwages,employmenttotalsandlivingstandards.

Congressionalinvestigations,puzzledaboutwhatactionthegovernmentshouldtake,havebeentoldbyunionleadersthatautomationthreatensmassunemploymentandbybusinessexecutivesthatitwillbringunparalleledprosperity.

Engineerssaythatpush-buttonfactoriesmayeventuallypermitaworkscheduleinwhichtheweek-endwillbelongerthantheweek.Educatorsseeallthisleisurepromotingascholasticrenaissanceinwhichculturalattainmentswillbecometheyardstickofsocialrecognitionforworkersandbossalike.Gloomierobserversfearthetrendtoward“inhumanproduction”willendbymakingmenobsolete.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Thepositionoftheauthoristo.

4.Whoseopinionindicatesthatautomationisagreatthreattosocialstability?

问题1选项

A.robotsatwork

B.machinesvs.mankind

C.speculationsonautomation

D.ourrisingstandardofliving

问题2选项

A.Thegovernmentfavorsautomation.

B.Industryhasmadegreatadvancesinthepast150years.

C.Engineersopposeautomation.

D.Morepeoplefavorautomationthanopposeit.

问题3选项

A.presentunfavorableopinionsonautomation

B.convincethereadersofthebenefitsofautomation

C.presentdifferentopinionsonautomation

D.urgethegovernmenttopromoteautomation

问题4选项

A.Educators

B.Unionleaders

C.Someanalysts

D.Someobservers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了不同人对automation(自动化)的看法，因此选项C符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第三段第一句话提到工程师们认为自动化的工厂可能最终会使那些能在一周内完成的工作延长时间（Engineerssaythatpush-buttonfactoriesmayeventuallypermitaworkscheduleinwhichtheweek-endwillbelongerthantheweek），由此可以推测出工程师们对自动化是持反对意见的，因此选项C符合题意。

3.主旨大意题。作者客观陈述了不同人对自动化的看法，并没有带有自己的观点或者评价，因此选项C符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章第二段提到工会领导人认为自动化会导致大规模失业（unionleadersthatautomationthreatensmassunemployment），而大规模失业肯定会影响社会安定，因此选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

WhenGinaGarroandBrianDupliseaadopted4-month-oldAndresfromColombialastmonth,theyweredeterminedtotaketimeofffromworktocareforhim.Sixyearsago,aftertheirdaughter,Melina,wasborn,thefamilyscrapedbyonDuplisea’s$36,000salaryasaconstructionworkersoGarro,aspecial-educationteacher,couldstayhome.Now,sinceGarro’sjobfurnishesthefamilyhealthinsurance,she’llheadbacktoworkthisfallwhileDupliseajugglesdiapersandbabybottles.Hisbossagreedtothetimeoff-buthewillhavetoforgohis$18-an-hourpay.Itwon’tbeeasy.ThoughGarro’s$40,000salarywillcovertheirmortgages,thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar.“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity,”saysGarro.“Thingswillbetight.”

The1993FamilyandMedicalLeaveActwassupposedtohelpfamilieslikeGarro’s,offeringasafetynettoemployeeswhowanttotaketimeofftonurturenewborns,tendtotheirownmajorillnessesorcareforsickrelatives.Butwhilethelawguaranteesthatworkerswon’tlosttheirjobs,itdoesn’tcovertheirpaychecks.Onesurveylastyearshowedthatwhile24millionAmericanshadtakenleavessince1999,2.7millionmorewantedtobutcouldn'taffordit.Thatmaychangesoon.Inresponsetoincreasingdemandsfromvotersatleast25statesarenowexploringnewwaystoofferpaidleave.Onepossibility:tappingstatedisabilityfundsAhandfulofstates-NewYork,NewJersey,California,RhodeIslandandHawaii—alreadydipintodisabilitymoneytoofferpartialpayforwomenonmaternityleave.Butthatdoesn’thelpdadsorpeoplecaringforelderlyparents.NewJerseyandNewYorkmaysoonexpanddisabilityprogramstocoverleaveforfathersandothercaretakers.Thirteenstates,includingArizona,IllinoisandFlorida,haveproposedusingunemploymentfundstopayforleave.

Massachusettshasbeenespeciallycreative.Whenthestate'sactinggovernor,JaneSwift,gavebirthtotwindaughtersinMay,shedrewattentiontotheissuewithherown"workingmaternityleave":shetelecommutedpart-timebutearnedherusualfull-timesalary.EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay.Anotherplan,proposedintheHouse,wouldrequireemployerstokickin$20perworkertosetupa"NewFamiliesTrustFund."Businesseswouldgettaxcreditsinreturn.ThisweekSwiftisexpectedtoannounceherownpaid-leaveplanforlower-incomemothersandfathers.Pollsshowwidespreadpublicsupport—anotherreasonSwiftandotherpoliticiansacrossthecountryhaveembracedtheissue.

Stillnoteveryone'swildabouttheidea.Peoplewithoutchildrenquestionwhynewparents—thefirstgrouptogetpaidleaveundermanyoftheproposedplans—shouldgetmoregovernmentperksthantheydo.Businessgroupsareresistanttoproposalsthatwouldraidunemploymentfunds;severalhavealreadyfiledsuittoblockthem.Astheeconomyslows,manycompaniessaytheycan’taffordtocontributetoproposednewbenefitfundseither.Businesslobbyistssaytoomanyemployeesalreadyabuseexistingfederalfamily-leavelawsbytakingtimeofffordubiousreasonsorintinytimeincrements.Theproposedlaws,theysay,wouldonlymakemattersworse.

ForGarroandDuplisea,though,thenewlawscouldmakeallthedifference.AsMelinafixesapeanut-butter-and-jellysandwich,DupliseahugsasnoozingAndresagainsthisTshirt"We'retryingtodotherightthingbytwokids,andwehavetosacrifice,"Dupliseasays.InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthat（）.

2.WhenGarrosays"Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity",shemeans（）.

3.IfGarrolivesinMassachusetts,shewill（）.

4.Theword"perk"(Line2.Para.4)mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspaidleaveseemstobethatof（）.

问题1选项

A.GarroandDupliseausedtoliveacomfortableandeasylife

B.