考研考博-英语-北京培黎职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京培黎职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Doctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoasa___forsmoking.

问题1选项

A.succession

B.substitute

C.revival

D.relief

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“连续；继位；继承权；（生态）演替”；B选项substitute“代用品；代替者”；C选项revival“复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神；再生效”；D选项relief“救济；减轻，解除；安慰；浮雕”。句意：医生警告不要用咀嚼烟草___吸烟。本句表达“不要用咀嚼烟草代替吸烟”，因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportmeeting.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.deceive

C.exemplify

D.ignited

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺诈,误导；exemplify举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

问题1选项

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tenacity“固执”；B选项curiosity“好奇”；C选项civility“礼貌”；D选项hostility“敌意”。句意：他与老板打交道时，他的言行完全缺乏礼貌，一点都不机智圆滑。C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景，和courtesy“礼貌”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernor’splansforataxcut.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.vulnerable

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】susceptible易受影响的；dubious可疑的,半信半疑的；vulnerable易受攻击的；deliberate深思熟虑的。句意:公众对州长的减税计划十分怀疑。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour（

）job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.

问题1选项

A.current

B.contemporary

C.occasional

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。current意为“目前的，当前的，现在的”；contemporary意为“当代的，现代的”；occasional意为“偶尔的，不经常的”；universal意为“普遍的，一般的”。

句意：当被问到你对当前工作的看法时，你决不能消极。

6.单选题

Thesedays,Jennyhasconsumedalotandhasawhole

ofbillswaitingtobepaid.

问题1选项

A.stack

B.pile

C.number

D.sequence

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。astackofbills“一堆账单”。句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Manyproblemsthatweface,suchasdepression,compulsiveandaddictivebehaviors,andanxiety,resultfromhumaninherentdesiretoseekpleasure.

问题1选项

A.consecutive

B.excessive

C.obsessive

D.possessive

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.consecutive连贯的；连续不断的B.excessive过多的

C.obsessive强迫性的；着迷的D.possessive占有的；所有的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】划线单词前面说我们面临许多行为，这些行为有抑郁和成瘾性行为，以及焦虑，都是一些不好的行为，划线处单词与这些行为并列，由此可知划线处单词也是不好的行为。所以C选项“强迫性”符合题意。划线单词compulsive“强迫性的”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】我们所面临的许多问题，如抑郁、强迫性和成瘾行为，以及焦虑，都是源于人类内在的寻求快乐的欲望。

8.单选题

Anorganizationisonlyasgoodasthepeopleitemploys.Selectingtherightpersonforthejobinvolvesmorethanidentifyingtheessentialordesirablerangeofskills,educationalandprofessionalqualificationsnecessarytoperformthejobandthenrecruiting（招募）thecandidatewhoismostlikelytopossesstheseskillsoratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.Thisisapurelyperson/skillsmatchapproachtoselection.

Workinvariablytakesplaceinthepresenceand/orunderthedirectionofothers,inaparticularorganizationalsetting.Theindividualhastofitinwiththeworkenvironment,withotheremployees,withtheorganizationalclimate,styleofwork,organizationandcultureoftheorganization.Differentorganizationshavedifferentcultures.WorkingasanengineeratBritishAerospacewillnotnecessarilybeasimilarexperiencetoworkinginthesamecapacityatGECorPlessey.

Poorselectiondecisionsareexpensive.Forexample,thecostsoftrainingapolicemanareabout£20,000.Thecostsofemployinganunsuitabletechnicianonanoilrig（石油钻塔）orinanuclearplantcould,inanemergency,resultinmillionsofpoundsofdamageorlossoflife.Thedisharmonyofapoorperson-environmentfitislikelytoresultinlowjobsatisfaction,lackoforganizationalcommitmentandemployeestress,whichaffectorganizationaloutcomes,ductivity,highratesofstaffchangeandabsenteeism,andindividualoutcomesi.e.physical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being.

Howeverdespitetheimportanceoftherecruitmentdecisionandtherangeofsophisticatedandmoreobjectiveselectiontechniqueavailable,includingtheuseofpsychometrictests,assessmentcentersetc.,manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.Intheremainingtime,theinterviewerthenattendsexclusivelytoinformationthatreinforcestheinitial"accept"or"reject"decision.Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlydemonstratedthattheunstructuredinterview,wheretheinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformanceanddoeslittlebetterthanmorecontroversialmethodslikegraphology（笔迹学）andastrology（占星术）.

1.Therightpersonforanorganizationshouldnotonlypossessnecessaryskillsforthejobbutalso（）.

2.WrongselectiondecisionswillleadtothefollowingoutcomesEXCEPT（）.

3.（）arethebestmethodtoidentifysuitableemployees.

4.Inanunstructuredinterview,（）willgreatlydeterminetheinterviewer'sfinaldecision.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.havetheabilityandinclinationtoacquiretheseskills

B.owneducationalandprofessionalqualifications

C.fitinwiththeorganization'senvironment

D.possesssimilarworkexperience

问题2选项

A.highertrainingcostsperperson

B.greaterdamageorcasualties

C.highjobsatisfaction

D.poorphysical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being

问题3选项

A.Psychometrictestsandassessmentcenters

B.Graphologyandastrology

C.Unstructuredinterviews

D.Structuredinterviews

问题4选项

A.thecandidate'sjobsatisfactionandorganizationalcommitment

B.theimpressionthecandidatemakesinthefirstfewminutes

C.thequestionstheinterviewerhappenstoaskthecandidate

D.thecandidate'scapabilitytocopewithanemergency

问题5选项

A.importanceofemployeeselection

B.futuretrendsinemployeeselection

C.bestmethodsofemployeeselection

D.popularmythsinemployeeselection

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“...oratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.”或者至少被认为有能力和意愿获得它们。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，选项A，B，D在本段均有提及且正确，只有选项C不符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根最后一段第一句“...manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.”许多组织仍然准备在30到45分钟的无组织面试的基础上做出这个决定。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.”事实上，研究表明，选择通常是在面试的前四分钟内做出的。选项B符合原文。

5.全文主旨题。本文主要介绍了应该选拔什么样的人才,错误的选拔会产生的后果以及选拔人才的方法,都是为人才选拔的重要性这一主题服务的。所以选项A正确。

9.单选题

Thepolicedecidedto（）thedepartmentstoreaftertheyhadreceivedabombwarning.

问题1选项

A.evict

B.expel

C.abandon

D.evacuate

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。evict“驱逐”；expel“驱散；赶走”；abandon“放弃”；evacuate“撤离；疏散”，根据bombwarning（爆炸警报）可知警察会疏散、撤离人员，所以此处应该使用动词evacuate，故正确答案为选项D。

10.单选题

Justasyoudonotwishothersto（

）theirdesiresuponyou,youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife.

问题1选项

A.inflict

B.dispute

C.ridicule

D.antedate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inflict“把……强加给，使承受，遭受”；B选项dispute“辩论，争论”；C选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D选项antedate“预期，预料，居先”。由后面的“youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife（你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向）”可知A选项与其意思对应。句意：就像你不希望别人把意愿强加在你身上，你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向。

11.单选题

TheUNofficialsaidaidprogramswillbe_______untilthereisadequateprotectionforreliefpersonnel.

问题1选项

A.multiplied

B.arrested

C.spanned

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】multiplied增加,繁殖;arrested逮捕,遏止;spanned跨越,持续;suspended延缓,推迟。句意：这位联合国官员说,援助项目将推迟直到救援人员得到充分保护。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

问题1选项

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize资助；补助

C.subscribe申请；预订D.subordinate使从属于

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater，结合四个选项可知，政府对于剧院应该是资助，故该题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。

13.单选题

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious有独创性的，机灵的；ambitious野心勃勃的，有雄心的；notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱两可的。能修饰directions的只有D项“模糊不清的”，故D项正确。句意：该指示如此模糊不清以致于不可能完成这项任务。

14.单选题

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat（）.

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom（）.

问题1选项

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

问题2选项

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

问题3选项

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

问题4选项

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

问题5选项

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的观点，词汇可能会发生什么变化？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“词汇量可能继续扩大”（thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand），因此可知选项C表述正确；接下来提到“意义将越来越取决于词序和上下文，并且拼写将变得简单”（Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants），因此可知选项A与B表述正确。综上，选项D“以上都是”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1066年以后，英国最重要的语言变化是……”文章第四段第一句话提到“尽管如此，大众还是继续说盎格鲁-萨克逊语，并且将它重建为上层阶级的语言”（Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses），因此选项C“盎格鲁-萨克逊被设置成主导语言”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么语法上的变化不被注意？”文章第六段提到“这样的变化（指语法变化）最快也不过几代人或几十年，所以除了语法学家，其他人都没有注意到”（Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians），因此选项A“因为变化是在几代人或几十年里发生”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么做这些改变？”文章倒数第二段提到“没有人知道为什么做出这些改变”（Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade），因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，大部分新单词来源于……”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这些新词大多不是借用而来，而是从语言的自然发展中来的”（Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage），因此选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,（）isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

问题1选项

A.as

B.what

C.so

D.thatTherearefewelectronic

【答案】A

【解析】句意:英国人对于不同的文化和其他的行为方式不是很熟悉，在其他国家情况也是如此。

语法题。考查定语从句。逗号后面部分“isoftenthecaseinothercountries”结构不完整，缺少主语。因此该处应该是非限制性定语从句。因此A项正确，构成表达“asisoftenthecase(是常有的情形)”。

16.单选题

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

问题1选项

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项intelligent“智能的，聪明的”，B项intellectual“智力的”，C项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”。根据关键词emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推测，空格部分是与之对应的“智力”，B项符合。句意：在某些情况下，母亲的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.写作题

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

18.单选题

Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.

问题1选项

A.completed

B.compiled

C.collated

D.contested

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。complete完成compiled编译的collate核对，校对contest竞赛，争夺。句意：财务报表是一种编译好的财务报告或记录。通常以季度或年度为单位，给个人，企业单位或商户提供财务报告。空格处所填单词为形容词做后置定语修饰reportorrecord。答案B。

19.单选题

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

问题1选项

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游览当地的名胜古迹，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行计划。

考查名词辨析。expedition远征，探险;excursion远足，短程旅行;exploration探测；proposition命题，提议。根据“当地的名胜古迹”可知四个选项中，B项正确。

20.单选题

InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.

AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingapparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.

ArevelationcamelastweekwhenIaskedher,“...Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No”,shereplied.“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”

Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneouslytoldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly,“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.

Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,Ihadtoacceptthefactthatwasco-optingmydaughter’sexperience.

Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?

3.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?

4.Theauthortookgreatpaintstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause（）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?

问题1选项

A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.

B.Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.

C.Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.

D.Alotofdistractionscompleteforchildren’stimenowadays.

问题2选项

A.Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.

B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.

C.Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.

D.Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.

问题3选项

A.Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.

B.Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.

C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.

D.Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.

问题4选项

A.shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance

B.shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch

C.shewastohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriter

D.shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting

问题5选项

A.Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.

B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.

C.Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.

D.Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一句，“InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.”，在这个网络聊天、电子游戏和电视真人秀的时代，总有让孩子可以做的事情，并且这些活动不需要动脑。可判断出现在孩子们的时间完全被许多干扰因素占据了。选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.”，作为一名作家，我知道什么是成功，什么是失败。我知道努力写一篇文章却收到出版商的退稿单是什么感觉。我也知道我承受着巨大的压力，为的是不辜负过去的胜利带来的荣誉。可判断出作者的写作经历充满痛苦和挫折。选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”，她只是想把一个关于天使上一年级的故事讲给别人听。可判断出丽贝卡想参加写作比赛的原因在于她想和读者分享她的故事。选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.”，我告诉自己，我只是一个经验丰富的作家，引导着年轻的作家穿过大厅，为她的故事提供人物、冲突和结局方面的建议。可判断出作者帮助女儿改善故事的原因在于她相信自己有知识和经验可以提供指导。选项A符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一句，“AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.”，我也会提醒自己，孩子们需要实验的空间，需要成长的空间，需要拥有表达自我的声音。可判断出作者建议父母应该让孩子们通过自己的经历，自由成长。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Passage3Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpoint(强调)hisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters.Furthermorewesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtainformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers;whoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior,observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor,deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli(刺激因素),askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher,andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—question,self-disclosures,andsoon.

Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepteideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.disclosesandtruthfulstatement).

31.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin______.

32.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause______.

33.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause______.

34.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare______.

35.Thispassagemainlyconcerns______.

问题1选项

A.whathewears

B.howtallheis

C.howhappyheis

D.whatcolorhedyeshishair

问题2选项

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothers

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherperson

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople’sattitudes

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselves

问题3选项

A.wedon’taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherperson

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactway

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeoplesmotivationsandemotions

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhim

问题4选项

A.disclosures

B.deceptions

C.stimuli

D.interactions

问题5选项

A.theperceptionofotherpeople

B.therelationshipbetweenpeople

C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeople

D.people’sattitudesandcharacter

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】31.【选项释义】

31.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin______.31.根据文章，如果我们感知一个人，我们可能会对______感兴趣。

A.whathewearsA.他的穿着

B.howtallheisB.他的身高

C.howhappyheisC.他有多快乐

D.whatcolorhedyeshishairD.他染什么颜色的头发

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“更多的时候（Moreoften），我们试图进入对方的内心，找出他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格”可知，在感知一个人的时候，我们更多的是进入对方的内心，感知他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格，C项“他有多快乐”属于情感上的感知，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A项“他的穿着”、B项“他的身高”和D项“他染什么颜色的头发”都不属于感知对方内心的内容，这三项属于曲解原文。

32.【选项释义】

32.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause______.32.有些人经常对别人的所作所为感到惊讶。伯杰认为，这主要是因为______。

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothersA.有些人比其他人更情绪化

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherpersonB.有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople’sattitudesC.有些人很敏感，能感觉到别人态度的变化

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselvesD.有些人选择独来独往

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段倒数第二句“这也会让我们不会对看似不一致的行为感到太惊讶或震惊”，其中“这”指的是上一句“如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法，它会使我们更容易处理那些妨碍我们获得准确知识的事情”，理解可知如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法，我们对看似不一致的行为不会感到太惊讶，反之我们对别人的所作所为感到惊讶的原因是我们没有认识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人，故该题选择B项“有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“有些人比其他人更情绪化”、C项“有些人很敏感，能感觉到别人态度的变化”和D项“有些人选择独来独往”文中都没有提及，这三项属于无中生有。

33.【选项释义】

33.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause______.33.我们可能已经认识一个人十年了，但仍然对他知之甚少，因为______。

A.wedon’taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherpersonA.我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactwayB.我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeoplesmotivationsandemotionsC.我们更关注他人的动机和情绪

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhimD.我们经常和他面对面交谈

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第二句“你可能已经认识一个人十年了，但仍然对他知之甚少”，前一句指出“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务，这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化，而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确（themethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise）”，理解可知，我们可能认识一个人十年，但我们仍然对他知之甚少，这是因为人们是不断变化的，而我们获取信息的方式是随意而不准确的，所以该题选择B项“我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法”是我们对看似不一致的行为感到惊讶的原因，而不是认识很久的人知之甚少的原因，该项属于张冠李戴；

C项“我们更关注他人的动机和情绪”和D项“我们经常和他面对面交谈”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。

34.【选项释义】

34.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare______.34.我们发现有些事情阻碍了我们了解他人。这些东西是______。

A.disclosuresA.公开的事情

B.deceptionsB.欺骗

C.stimuliC.刺激因素

D.interactionsD.互动

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据原文最后一句“具有讽刺意味的是，对于发展一段令人满意的关系来说，那些使我们无法了解对方的东西（如秘密和欺骗）可能与那些使我们能够准确了解对方的东西（如公开和诚实的陈述）同样重要”理解可知，阻碍我们了解他人的事情是一些秘密和欺骗，B项“欺骗”符合题意，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“公开的事情”是促进我们能够准确了解