考研考博-英语-包头钢铁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-包头钢铁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

问题1选项

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这项研究吸引了媒体的广泛报道,并在英国广播公司电视台的《明日世界》节目中进行了专题报道。选项中只有C选项符合句意。

2.单选题

Thebookisavainattemptto（

）thenameofoneoftheworstdictatorsinmodernhistory.

问题1选项

A.worship

B.glorify

C.adore

D.cherish

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。worship“崇拜；尊敬”；glorify“赞美；美化”；adore“崇拜；爱慕”；cherish“怀有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）”。句意：这本书试图去美化现代历史中最坏的独裁者之一的名字，但是失败了。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Toreducethefinancialpressurefacingthecompany,itsmanagementhasdecidedon（）expenditurecuts.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.sweeping

C.tangible

D.considerate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。modest谦虚的；sweeping大规模的；tangible有形的，切实的；considerate体贴的，大量的。由前半句的financialpressure可知公司会削减开支。故B项符合句意。句意：为了减小公司面临的财务压力,其管理层决定大规模地削减开支。

4.单选题

Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.

WhenIwasapsychiatricresident,wehadafacultymemberwhowasfamousforhismessyoffice:stacksofpapersandoldjournalscoveredeverychairandtableaswellasmuchofthefloor.Oneday,asIwalkedpasttheopenofficedoorwithoneofmysupervisors,hemurmuredmildly,“Oddduck.”Andthatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflectonthispeculiarstateofaffairswithinaninstitutionstaffedbypsychiatrists.Eventually,thefacultymemberhadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients.

Notsurprisingly,thepsychiatricdiagnosticmanualdoesnotlist“messyroom”intheindex.Butitdoesmentionatantalizingsymptom:inability“todiscardworn-outorworthlessobjectsevenwhentheyhavenosentimentalvalue,”Itcomesunderthediagnosisobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder，anobscurecousinofthemorefamousobsessive-compulsivedisorder.

Iwasbarelyawareofthediagnosis.Everyerahasmentaldisordersthatforculturalorscientificreasonsbecomepopular.InFreud’sdayitwashysteria.Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.Butotherailmentsgorelativelyignored,andthisdisorderwasone.

Itcamewithalistofadditionalsymptomsthatappearedtobepeculiar;anxietyaboutspendingmoney,excessivedevotiontoworktotheexclusionofleisureactivities,rigidityaboutfollowingrules,perfectionismindoingtasks—attimestothepointofinterferingwithfinishingthem.

Inmoderation,thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionismmayevenbeassetsinrule-anddetail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw.

Butwhenthesymptomsaretoointenseorpervasive,theybecomecrippling.Beneaththeseeminglyadaptivebehaviorsliesacentraldisability.Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.Theylacktheinternalsenseofcompletionthatmostofusexperienceattheendofachoiceoratask,eyenoneassimpleasthrowingsomethingoutormakingapurchase.Inobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,thisfeelingoccursonlyafterendlessdeliberationandrevision,ifatall.

Theneedtocomeupwiththe“correct”answer,thebestpurchaseortheperfectproposalleadstoexcessruminationovereachdecision.Itcanevenleadtocompleteparalysis.Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.Open-endedassignments,likewritingpapers,arenightmares.

Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.Thepictureleapsoutfromthepreviouslydisorganizedbackground.Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?

2.Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is______.

3.Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat_________.

4.Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____________.

5.Fromthelastparagraphwecanseethattheauthor’sviewisthat_________.

问题1选项

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardness.

问题2选项

A.hysteria

B.depression

C.messiness

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorder

问题3选项

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolaw

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholicculture

C.theyhavealowprofile

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasive

问题4选项

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmaking

B.theyareopen-endedassignments

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysis

D.theyaremadebyother

问题5选项

A.amessyroomisjustamessyroom

B.amessyroomisanindicationoftheobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder

C.psychiatristsshouldpayattentiontoamessyroom

D.psychiatristsshouldseepatternsofseeminglydisorganizedbehaviors,butshouldn’tbetooreductionistic

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.”，可知，即使回过头来看一些行为的确非常奇怪，但是对于那些我们不能理解的行为，我们经常会保持忽视的态度。紧接着第二段用一位同事的例子来说明这个观点，选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句，“Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.”，可知目前，抑郁症已经成为人们关注的焦点。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句，“thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionism…”，因为强迫症人格障碍的症状刚好符合工作狂的文化精神，不懈努力的工作定位和完美主义在工作中甚至会成为优点，因此强迫症在诊断过程中经常被忽视。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第七段，“Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.”，可知患有强迫症的人在做决定方面有巨大的困难。根据文章第八段，“Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.”，可知对于这些人来说，规则是最大的恩赐，因为代表着预先做好的决定。所以可推断，规则的制定使他们不用自己作决定。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.”，可知对于这方面的病人或者精神病医生，理解诊断症状是有必要的。“Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.”，可知有时我们可以把事情看得更简单一些，有些情形并没有什么，有时凌乱的房间仅仅是凌乱而已。所以可推断出，作者认为医生必须要理解一些诊断性的症状，能看到一些杂乱无章的行为并且熟悉病症，以便于给病人看病，但是有时候凌乱确实只是一种简单的现象，并不是病症，医生也不能多虑。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

问题4选项

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法，我们仍然没有认识到，暴力永远不能解决问题，而是使问题更加尖锐。第二段阐述了真正有理智的人在宣扬法制，却遭到轻视和迫害，作者认为真正的解决方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，而暴力制造了它假装要解决的罪恶。整篇文章都在阐述不能依靠暴力手段解决歧视问题。因此B选项“暴力无助于消除种族偏见”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“提倡暴力”，C选项“双方的重要人物都认为暴力是合法的解决方案”，D选项“人类的本能渴望暴力”，因为文章是不宣扬暴力的，所以A，C，D都不适合作为标题。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒数第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”（整个有记录的人类历史，那冗长乏味的暴力记录，没有教会我们任何东西。），说明人类历史上的暴力记录没有教会我们任何东西。因此B选项“什么也没有”正确。A选项“暴力永远解决不了任何问题”和C选项“流血事件毫无意义”，文中说我们还没有认识到暴力不能解决问题、流血和痛苦毫无意义，所以历史上的暴力记录并没有教会我们这两点，A，C错误。D选项“一切”和nothing是相反的，所以D错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“reasonablemen”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正理智的人知道解决办法在哪里，却发现越来越难得到倾听。他们被鄙视，不信任，甚至被他们的同类迫害，因为他们提倡诸如执法这样明显无法容忍的事情。），说明理智的人倡导法制，却遭到了许多困难。因此D选项“在提倡执法方面遭到困难。”正确。A选项“不被听见”，B选项“被轻视”，C选项“受到迫害”都只是遇到困难的某一个方面，本质上是因为他们提倡执法，所以A，B，C错误。

4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段中It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（这很像一个著名律师的故事，他煞费苦心地向法官解释他的案子。听了他的长篇辩论，法官抱怨说他并没有因此而变得聪明些。），说明“Hewasnonethewiser”在这里的意思是他听了之后什么也没有得到。因此C选项“听后无所得。”符合题意。A选项“他根本不明智，听不进去”，B选项“他以前一点也不明智”，D选项“他对这场争论毫无意义”都不能表示他听后什么也没有得到的意思，所以A，B，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我们在法律框架内工作，真正和持久的解决办法总是可能的。），说明作者认为解决种族歧视的最好方法是法制。因此A选项“法制”正确。B选项“知识”，C选项“非暴力”，D选项“清理暴力的混乱”并不是作者认为解决问题的最好方法，所以B，C，D错误。

6.单选题

Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork（）alltheirtime.

问题1选项

A.takesover

B.takesaway

C.takesin

D.takesup

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项takeover“接管，借用”；B选项takeaway“拿走，带走”；C选项takein“吸收，接受”；D选项takesup“开始从事，占据”。句意：重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的工作占据了他们所有的时间。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thisticket（

）youtoafreeboattouronthelake.

问题1选项

A.entitles

B.appoints

C.grants

D.credits

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。entitle给某人权利或资格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允许；credit信任，归功于。

句意：这张票使你有资格免费在湖上乘船游览。选项A符合句意。

8.填空题

IwishthatJohnwouldwritemore（

）.Icanneverreadhisnotesandletters

【答案】clearly

【解析】语义题。句意:我希望John写字更清楚些,我看不懂他的笔记和信件。这里需要填一个副词,修饰wirte(写)。

9.单选题

Thechildrenwere___bythetoysinthebigdepartmentstoreduringtheChristmasseason.

问题1选项

A.pleased

B.fascinated

C.enjoyed

D.alarmed

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pleased请；使喜欢；使高兴；使满意B.fascinated着迷；陶醉

C.enjoyed喜爱D.alarmed惊恐；恐慌

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意，孩子们被橱窗里的玩具所吸引。空格处填动词的被动形式。Bedoneby。B选项fascinate“着迷，陶醉”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“被吸引”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】这里考查动词的被动形式。

A选项是被玩具感到高兴，不符合逻辑；

C选项被玩具喜爱，不符合逻辑；

D选项惊恐不符合句意。

【句意】圣诞节期间，孩子们被大百货公司的玩具迷住了。

10.单选题

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat______bysteam.

问题1选项

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.towed（用绳索）拖，拉B.pressed压，推，施加压力

C.tossed（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔，抛D.propelled推动，驱动

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个非谓语动词做后置定语修饰boat，与前面的boat构成被动语态，而空格处动作的发出者是steam（蒸汽），因此表示“推动”符合语义。故D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】在老师的指导下，学生们正在做一个蒸汽驱动的模型船。

11.单选题

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan（

）thesoundfromtheradio.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。intensify意为“加强，强化”；amplify意为“放大，扩大”，一般指声音的放大；enlarge意为“扩大”，一般指面或体积的扩大；reinforce意为“加固，加强”。

句意：通过这个旋钮向右转动，你可以放大收音机的声音。

12.不定项选择题

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots(hotspot:aplaceintheuppermantleoftheearthatwhichhotmagmafromthelowermantleupwellstomeltthroughthecrustusuallyintheinteriorofatectonicplatetoformavolcanicfeature;alsoaplaceinthecrustoverlyingahotspot).Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots________.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe________.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata________.

问题1选项

A.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

B.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

C.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

D.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

问题2选项

A.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

B.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

C.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

D.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

问题3选项

A.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

B.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

C.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

D.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

问题4选项

A.continentalruptureisimminent

B.hotspotisactive

C.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

D.continentalplatehasmoved

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。A选项“解释如何估计死火山熔岩流的年龄”；B选项“描述热点影响火山灭绝的方式”；C选项“描述热点并解释它们是如何影响和记录板块运动的”；D选项“描述并解释海洋和大陆的形成”。根据题干，定位到文章第一段第一句Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots（地球上散布着100多个被称为热点的火山活动区域）；第二段第一句Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoes…（在某些情况下，板块经过热点时留下了死火山的痕迹……）；第三段第三句Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionof…（热点为解决热点问题提供了测量标准……）；第四段第一句Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.（除了作为参考的框架，热点显然还影响着推动板块在全球范围内运动的地球物理过程。）从这四句可以看出，整篇文章讲述了热点地区以及它在追溯板块运动方面所起的作用，因此答案选C；A选项只是提及没有展开细讲，B选项错误，热点地区不能影响火山的灭绝；D选项与文章无关。

第2题:细节理解题。题干：根据这篇文章，热点不同于大多数火山在于热点……。A选项“都位于更接近地球表面的地方”；B选项“熔岩中含有更多的碱金属”；C选项“能在板块的边缘找到”；D选项“是活火山，而其他的火山都是死火山”。最后一段倒数一二句话Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.（与大多数火山不同，热点很少沿着组成地壳的大陆和海洋板块的边界出现；大多数热点位于板块内部深处，并锚定在地球表面的深层。热点与其他火山的区别还在于它们的熔岩，它们比板块边缘的火山含有更多的碱金属。）由此可知答案选B。其他选项文中没有提及是否为热点和其他种类的火山的不同。

第3题:细节理解题。题干：从文章中可以推断出，太平洋板块的运动轨迹的证据可以由（）所提供。A选项“两个热点同时运动”；B选项“几个海洋中部岛链的构造”；C选项“海底裂缝的形状”；D选项“海洋热点的尺寸”。第二段第一、二、三句话Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains…paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain…（在某些情况下，板块移动经过热点时会留下死火山的痕迹，就像风吹过烟囱带走缕缕烟雾一样。夏威夷群岛似乎是由一个单一的熔岩源以这样的方式形成的，熔岩从一个热点喷涌而出，太平洋板块在这个热点上大致由东向西北移动，带走了一排年龄越来越大的火山。另外两个太平洋岛链……与夏威夷岛链的构造平行……）从这两句可以看出板块在运动后就会留下火山的痕迹，而夏威夷群岛就是板块运动过后留下的产物，所以从夏威夷群岛以及其他岛链构造就可以看出板块运动的痕迹，所以答案选B。其他选项不符合题意。

第4题:细节理解题。题干：从文章中推断出，不同时代的熔岩在热点处的扩展表明……。A选项“大陆很快就会破裂”；B选项“热点活跃”；C选项“热点一直在快速移动”；D选项“大陆板块移动”。定位到第三段第二句话Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.（大陆板块是静止不动的最令人信服的证据是，在某些热点地区，不同时代的熔岩是叠加在一起的，而不是按时间顺序展开的。）从这里可知因为大陆静止不动，所以熔岩是叠加在一起的，那么反过来大陆开始运动的时候，熔岩就会按照时间顺序散开，所以当熔岩按照时间顺序在热点地区散开的时候大陆是运动的，所以答案选D。

13.单选题

Students'goodbehaviorwillbetakeninto（

）whentheprizesarebeingdetermined.

问题1选项

A.regard

B.account

C.count

D.observation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:决定奖品的发放时，将会考虑学生的良好品行。

考查固定搭配。takeintoaccount考虑…。其他选项不能与takeinto搭配。

14.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonWhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.SomepeoplemaintainthatLi’ssuccesshasentirelyreliedonherownhardwork;

2.Othersholdtheviewthatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

Asisknowntoall,LiNaisthemostincredibletennisplayerinChina.Uptonow,shehasgotfoursingletitlesandtwodoubletitlesofWTA,andwhat’smore,sheisthefirstChineseplayerwhohasgotthesingletitleduringtheWTAtour.Besides,sheisthefirsttop-tenplayerinChinawhohasgotNo.7sofar.

WhenitcomestoLiNa’sathleticachievements,peoplecannothelpaskingsuchaquestion:WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

AccordingtoarecentinvestigationconductedbyasportingorganizationinChina,43.6percentofrespondentsholdtheviewthatLiNa,ssuccessreliescompletelyonherownhardwork.Whenshewasonlysixyearsold,shebegantopractiseplayingtennis.Duetoherarduoustrainingonthesportsground,shebecameaprofessionalplayer.Asshewasnotusedtothetrainingstyleinthestate-runsportssystem,shebrokeawayfromthestate-runsportssystemandbegantoflyalone.

However,56.4percentofrespondentsarguethatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone.Herfellowplayershadtheirstricttrainingwithherandbecameherrivals.IfithadnotbeenforLiNa’spastexperienceinthestate-runsportssystem,shecouldnothavebeenasuccessfulplayerandshecouldnothaveflownalonelateron.

Inmyopinion,LiNa’shardworkandherflyingalonearethetwoindispensableelementsofhersuccess.Bothelementsarecomplementary.It’shardtoimagineherflyingalonewithouthardworkwithinthestate-runsportssystemorherhardworkwithinthissystemwithoutflyingalone.

15.单选题

Shedidn’t（）matters;shejusttoldhimhewasuseless.

问题1选项

A.worsen

B.complicate

C.decide

D.mince

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项worsen“更坏的；更差的；更糟，更坏”；B选项complicate“使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入”；C选项decide“决定；解决；判决；决定，下决心”；D选项mince“切碎；矫揉造作地说；装腔作势；碎步走”。句意：她没有把事情复杂化；她只是说他没用。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

问题1选项

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在讨论中”。句意：法官批评了律师，因为他没有在讨论中就这个话题发表言论。B项正确。

17.单选题

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Thei