考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Banknotesarenotusually（）intogoldnowadays.

问题1选项

A.inverted

B.revertible

C.convertible

D.diverting

【答案】C

【解析】形近词辨析。句意：现在的纸币通常不能兑换成黄金。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Architectsarehopelesswhenitcomestodecidingwhetherthepublicwillviewtheirdesignsasmarvelsormonstrosities,accordingtoastudybyCanadianpsychologists.Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople’stastes.

Manybuildingsthatappealtoarchitectsgetthethumbsdownfromthepublic.RobertGiffordoftheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbiadecidedtofindoutwhetherarchitectsunderstandpublicpreferencesandsimplydisagreewiththem,orfailtounderstandthelayperson’sview.

WithhiscolleagueGrahamBrown,heasked25experiencedarchitectstolookatphotosof42largebuildingintheUS,Canada,EuropeandHongKong.Thearchitectspredictedhowthepublicwouldratethebuildingonascaleof1to10,where1represented“terrible”and10“excellent”.Afurther27peoplewhowerenotarchitectsalsoscoredthebuildingsoutof10.Inaddition,eightarchitectsgavetheirownpersonalratingsofthebuildings.

Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding’smerits.Andarchitectscorrectlypredictedthatlaypeoplewouldonaverageratebuildingshigherthantheydidthemselves.Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”SaysGifford.

Forinstance,architectsgavetheStockleyParkBuildingB-3officesinLondonamoderateratingof5.2.Theythoughtthepublicwouldlikeitmuchbetter,predictingaratingof6.3.Butthepublicactuallydislikedtheoffices,andgaveit4.7.Giffordthinksthatlaypeoplerespondtospecificfeaturesofbuildings,suchasdurabilityandoriginality,andhopestopindownwhattheyare.

“Architectsinarchitectureschoolneedtobetaughthowlaypeoplethinkaboutbuildings,”Giffordconcludes.Hedoesn’tthinkdesignersshouldpandertothelowestcommondenominator,butsuggeststheyshouldaspiretowardsbuildingsthatappealtothepublicandarchitectsalike,suchastheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong.

MarcoGoldschmidtoftheRichardRogersPartnership,designersoftheMillenniumDomeinLondon,thinksthestudyisflawed.“Theauthorshaveassumed,wrongly,thatbuildingscanbemeaningfullyjudgedfromphotographsratherthanactualvisits,”hesays.Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.

1.Whatdosethefirstparagraphofthispassageimply?

2.Throughhisstudy,RobertGiffordfoundthat（

）.

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong（

）.

4.MarcoGoldschmidtthinksthatGifford’sstudyisflawedbecause（

）.

5.Whatdosethepassagemainlydealwith?

问题1选项

A.Architectshaveadarkfutureindesigningmarvelousbuildings.

B.Architectsdon'tcareabouthowordinarypeopleviewtheirdesigns.

C.Itisverydifficultforarchitectstopleasethegeneralpublic.

D.Architectsdon'tknowmuchaboutthepublictastesforbuildings.

问题2选项

A.thethreegroupshadsimilarresponsestothephotosof42largebuildings

B.thearchitectsgenerallyratedbuildingslowerthanlaypeople

C.thearchitectspredictedpreciselythepreferencesoflaypeople

D.noarchitectcouldpredictthepublictastestowardsbuildingsaccurately

问题3选项

A.panderstothelowestcommondenominator

B.getsalowratefromthearchitects

C.appealstothepublicaswellasthearchitects

D.givesthearchitectsalotofaspiration

问题4选项

A.itusesphotosinsteadofactualvisits

B.itignoresthepublictastesbetweengenerations.

C.itlacksthenecessarysignificanceandinterests

D.itdoesn'ttakeintoaccountthedifferenceswithinthepublic

问题5选项

A.Howtodesignattractivebuildings.

B.Architectsneedtounderstandpublictastes.

C.Howlaypeopleviewbuildings.

D.Differenttastesbetweenarchitectsandthepublic.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople'stastes.”公众认为设计师应该回到学校去了解普通人的品味，由此说明，设计师很难取悦大众。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第四段的第一句“Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding'smerits.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第三句“Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.”可知选项B和C错误；根据第四段的最后一句“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”可知选项D错误。

3.根据关键词“BankofChinabuildinginHongKong”定位到倒数第二段，Gifford认为建筑学校的建筑师需要学习外行人如何看待建筑。他不认为设计师应该迎合最低标准，但建议他们应该追求吸引公众和建筑师的建筑，比如香港的中国银行大厦。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.”选项B符合原文。

5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲建筑师和公众对建筑不同的看法。选项D正确。

3.单选题

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂热的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（讣告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分页）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（扑通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自动售货机）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

问题2选项

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

问题3选项

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

问题5选项

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

问题6选项

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

问题7选项

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因为报纸的“软件”是由一种共同的语言组成的，所以它具有普遍和无时间限制的特质）。因此C项“它们普遍而永恒”正确。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段讲了报纸是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（报纸是一种方便携带的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。由此可知，报纸为了在竞争中生存应该具备方便和适应性的特点，故选A。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。四个选项中，只有D项“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案选D。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美国报纸骄傲的自称为政府第四个分支——监察机构——这暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不当行为）。由此可知B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（这些编辑被称作守门人，因为他们控制着第二天报纸上将出现的大多数内容）。由此可知D项正确。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（报纸将其关于当地或国内最近事件的观点发表于社论版面里）。由此可知，社论版发表对最近事件的看法。故选C。

7.【试题解析】细节事实题。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（报纸为读者来信和反对意见的文章腾出地方，是它们为市民对话做出贡献的一部分）。因此，D项“公民对话”正确。

4.单选题

Thewreckageoftheexplodedcar______thetraffic.

问题1选项

A.interfered

B.interpreted

C.disrupted

D.corrupted

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项interfered“妨碍（有损害）”；B选项interpreted“解释；作口译”；C选项disrupted“妨碍，扰乱（使维持正常状态有难度）”；D选项corrupted“腐化”。句意：汽车爆炸的残骸______交通。根据语境，这里指汽车爆炸扰乱了正常交通，C选项disrupted“妨碍，扰乱（使维持正常状态有难度）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

问题1选项

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是“should+动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。从句部分是倒装结构，省略了if，由于句子中的时间状语是thedayaftertomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气。应为should(wereto)+动词原形。句意：如果他们在我们后天出发之前到达的话，我们可以有一顿丰盛的晚宴。故D项正确。

6.单选题

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

问题1选项

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】代词误用。去掉their。句子主语为Chineseculture,根据句子结构推断their指代的是Chineseculture,显然不合适。

7.单选题

Developmentsinshipdesignandconstructionmethodscameaboutin（

）tochallengesencounteredintrading.

问题1选项

A.awareness

B.response

C.contrast

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】inresponseto响应,回答,对...有反应；incontrastto与...形成对照；选项A和D无此用法。句意:船舶设计和建造方法的发展是为了应对贸易中遇到的挑战。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

EnglishTestinDoctorialentranceexaminationisdesignedtoobservetheexaminees’English（

）

inreading,writing,andtranslating.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.persistency

C.consistency

D.sufficiency

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项persistency“持续，固执”；C选项consistency“一致性”；D选项sufficiency“足量，充足”，根据文中关键词“test考试”和“observe观察，评论”可知proficiency最合适，句意为：博士英语入学考试旨在测试受测者的读写和翻译的熟练度。故正确答案选A。

9.单选题

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

问题1选项

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词。glad为形容词，表示“高兴的，乐意的”，需与be动词搭配，故排除C、D选项。studentsandteachersalike为插入语，是对主语everybody的解释说明，不影响谓语动词的选择，因此谓语动词应选用is，故本题正确答案为B选项。

10.单选题

Theideaofspendingtherestofmylifetherenever（）me.

问题1选项

A.approvesto

B.attractsto

C.appallsto

D.appealsto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项approveto“批准，赞成”，B选项attract“吸引”，一般没有“attractto”这样的用法，可以用attractsb.todosth.或者sb.isattractedtodosth.，C选项appall“使胆寒，使大吃一惊”，一般不和介词to搭配；D选项appealsto“呼吁，吸引，要求”。句意：在那里度过余生的想法从来没有吸引过我。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。

11.单选题

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

问题1选项

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

问题2选项

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

问题3选项

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

问题4选项

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一届，最高法院在美国诉Halper案中一致制定了一项法律规则，该规则将破坏联邦、州和地方政府执行一系列重要监管计划的能力，包括环境保护、证券监管和税收征收）可知选A选项“执行一系列重要的监管计划”；B选项“执行所有重要的规管计划”，C选项“执行环境保护、证券监管、税收征管等重要监管方案”以及D选项“执行除环境保护、证券监管和税收征管外的重要监管计划”都不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（这种可能造成的干扰是由于最高法院认识到，某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，但有时也适用于民事被告，政府正试图对被禁止的活动收取民事处罚）可知A选项“某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，现在对民事被告也同样适用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（虽然法院在Halper案中的裁决只侧重于将双重危险条款扩展到民事处罚程序，但其推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许将其他宪法保护适用于政府发起的民事处罚案件。这些附加的宪法保护包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保障）可知B选项“推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许对政府发起的民事处罚案件适用其他宪法保护”，C选项“第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保证对民事被告适用”以及D选项“法院的推理和裁决只集中于将双重危险条款扩大到民事处罚程序”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初转向Halpe案中涉及的更狭义的双重危险问题，法院对民事处罚程序的双重危险保护的适用是法律上的一个显著变化）可知选C选项“双重危险保护在民事处罚程序中的适用”；A选项“缩小双重危险问题”，B选项“忽视一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件”以及D选项“从一个更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一个显著变化。因此C选项正确。

4.观点态度题。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通过扩大双重危险条款的范围，布莱克门法官的意见忽视了一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件。然而，从更全面的角度来看，除了对双重危险的认定外，法院的推理构成了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心）可知作者认为Halper案的处理方式导致了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心，可以推测作者对Halper案有负面感觉，选B选项“对Halper案有负面的感觉”；A选项“不同意”太过严重；C选项“完全支持”和D选项“喜欢”都不符合原文的表达。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Theimportanceofinteriordesignbecomes（

）whenwerealizehowmuchtimewespendsurroundedbyfourwalls.

问题1选项

A.attractive

B.appropriate

C.evident

D.obscure

【答