考研考博-英语-北京化工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京化工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreply（）shedidnotknow.

问题1选项

A.tothepointthat

B.totheeffectthat

C.totheextentthat

D.tothesensethat

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项tothepointthat“到….程度”；B选项totheeffectthat“大意是，意思是”；C选项totheextentthat“达到…的程度以致；就…来说”；D选项tothesensethat没有这种表达。句意：对于他问她是否受伤了，她给出了一些语无伦次地回答，大意是她不知道。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

问题4选项

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意。

4.词义题。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了。ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意。

3.填空题

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate（灵长类）todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持续的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.（当我们的人口在2000年开始时超过了60亿，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有几十种动物和植物灭绝，包括100多年来第一个灭绝的灵长类动物。）可以看得出动植物物种都在减少，因此题干错误。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.（没有特定的事件可以直接归咎于全球变暖，洪水和干旱将会更频繁和严重。）可以看出目前并没有证据证明是人口增多引起的，因此题干错误。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.（在过去的一个世纪里，人类尽其所能控制自然。我们在河流上筑坝，砍伐森林，耗尽土壤。）通过这句话可以得出题干是正确的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.（新世纪的目标是“可持续发展”。这有可能吗?这取决于我们对人类是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持续发展指的并不是题干所说的“经济发展将充分利用自然资源”，而是人类要意识到自己要和大自然共同发展，因此题干错误。

5.根据全文来看，作者一直都是在说明现在环境的恶劣，以及人类的责任重大，需要和自然好好相处，因此作者的意图就是希望大家重视环境保护问题。题干表达正确。

4.单选题

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

问题1选项

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

问题2选项

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

问题3选项

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

问题4选项

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

问题5选项

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潜在的奖励肯定是闪闪发光的。在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。随着时间的推移，基因测试使人们能够选择合适的治疗方法和生活方式来战胜疾病。在这两者之间，还有更诱人的前景：数以千计的新药可以治疗以前无法治疗的疾病；为个人量身定制的药物，副作用少得多，能够替换有缺陷的基因，从源头上消除疾病。）”，由此可知题干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究，即它可以治疗遗传疾病，所以C选项“真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究”符合题意。A选项“追寻人类的生命密码肯定会引发很多争论”；B选项“真正的工程没有履行一些医疗承诺”以及D选项“基因研究的潜在回报实际上被证明是很小的”文章都没有提及，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuineengineering.（在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遗传给下一代，B选项“防止有缺陷的基因传递给下一代”更符合题意。A选项“开发适合每个人的副作用更少的药物”；C选项“为以前无法治疗的疾病开发药物”；D选项“找出治疗绝症的最佳疗法”。因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到第三段第一句话“Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.（但美国国家人类基因组研究所所长弗朗西斯•柯林斯博士表示，将碱基对数据转化为新疗法的黄金数据的工作已经开始。）”，再联系下文可知，基因工程正在实施中，因此A选项“基因工程的实际工作正在进行中”符合题意。B选项“摆脱有缺陷的基因被证明是一项艰巨的任务”和C选项“找到新疗法的前景似乎很光明”不能从该句子体现出；根据第三段以及第四段“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear...Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.（我记录了一年中发现的与人类疾病有关的基因……私营公司也梳理了数据，寻找与糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癣和偏头痛有关的基因。）”可知文章只提到弗朗西斯•柯林斯博士和私营公司在收集人类基因组数据，并没有提到研究人员，因此D选项“研究人员已经开始收集人类基因组数据”说法错误。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段的最后一句话“However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在处理了重大伦理保留意见和对可能出现的意外结果的安全担忧之后，才允许对生命守则进行这种不可逆转的干预。）”，由此可知在试图干预人类基因时应注意伦理以及安全问题，所以A选项“涉及的道德问题”符合题意。B选项“被改变的异常基因”；C选项“寻找生命的密码”；D选项“保护健康基因”均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据珀维斯博士所说“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.（可能在很长一段时间以后，但这是基于人类相当傲慢的观点，即它会理解我们发现的一切——而我们过去从未这样做过。）”可知人们需要在很长一段时间后，并且是基于很傲慢的观点才会理解他们的发现，所以D选项“可能并不理解我们发现的一切”符合题意。A选项“比过去更傲慢”曲解了文意；B选项“在不久的将来能检测到所有的疾病”出现在文章最后一段“IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.（有人认为，一个勇敢的新世界正在等待着我们，在这个世界里，所有的疾病都可以通过每天将口腔拭子插入浴室橱柜里的DNA读取器来监测。）”，此处只是说有些人认为、有意见认为，并没有绝对地说人类将来能监测到所有疾病，因此B选项错误；C选项“了解我们的过去胜过了解我们的将来”在珀维斯博士所说的话中没有体现。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

问题1选项

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项cessation表示“停止，中止”，B项surveillance表示“监督，（对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的）监视”，C项guidance表示“指导，引导”，D项supervision表示“监督，管理”，指活动或行动过程中的监督，尤指批判性地指导。根据关键词FBI（联邦调查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“监视”符合语境。句意：联邦调查局不断监视这所房子，希望能一次性抓获所有罪犯。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

36.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto___.

37.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto___.

38.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto___.

39.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe___.

40.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause___.

问题1选项

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

问题2选项

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

问题3选项

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

问题4选项

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

问题5选项

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】36.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised)（挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业。一项新的法律限制了人们只能在漫长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探；制定了生产限额（尽管已经提高））可知B选项“减缓它的发展速度”正确；第一段andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers（石油公司雇佣外国工人的数量不得超过一定数量）可知A选项“为外国工人提供更多的工作机会”和原文相悖；C选项“出售它在国外生产的石油”以及D选项“比现在发展得更快”为原文所提及。因此B选项正确。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.（挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业）以及第一段第三句Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.（但石油行业有一种克服这些问题的方法，很少有人相信政府能够长期维持现状）可以推测出政府努力维持现状，选D选项“保持石油工业接近目前规模”，同时可知A选项“鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源”和C选项“帮助石油公司解决许多问题”与原文相悖；B选项“阻止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北部的人”原文未提及，排除。因此D选项正确。

38.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段末尾Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.（但是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方，不出几年，整个北方政策可能会崩溃）可知选C选项“发展方案的失败”，同时可知A选项“工业的发展”以及B选项“人口增长”和原文相悖；D选项“新城镇的发展”未提及，排除。因此C选项正确。

39.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.（然而，石油工业的影响将不限于北方。由于将近百分之百就业率，每个人都能看出一种发展中的情况：服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业去）可知南方服务行业和旅游行业的工人们会进入石油行业，导致产业数量减少，选C选项“现有产业数量的减少”，A选项“大量减少失业”，B选项“旅游业的增长”以及D选项“一些服务业的发展”和原文相悖。因此C选项正确。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“farmersandfishermen”定位到原文最后一段Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.（虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大部分，但他们却是人口的重要组成部分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到了许多他们引以为傲的挪威人的基本品质）可知选B选项“他们的生活和价值观代表着挪威的理想”，同时可知A选项“他们构成了挪威理想的很大一部分”错误；C选项“他们的工作对挪威社会很有用”原文未提及；最后一段最后一句Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.（农民和渔民对石油工业最为不满，因为它可能会对乡村和海洋造成损害）可知D选项“他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁”错误。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

ManyfarmsintheSouthernUnitedStates（）hayandtobaccoandexportthemtootherpartsofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.store

B.fertilize

C.sow

D.yield

【答案】D

【解析】fertilize使肥沃；sow播种；yield出产。句意：美国南部的许多农场生产干草和烟草,并出口到美国其他地区。选项D最符合语境。

8.单选题

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

问题1选项

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indolence“懒散，懒惰，无痛”；B选项fatigue“疲劳，疲乏，杂役”；C选项vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸尘器”；D选项leave“离开，许可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲劳”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一击，可能会发现自己正在与同情疲劳作斗争。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Homeschoolingappearstobeagreatsuccessformiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhenoneparentishomemostofthetime.However，homeschoolingdoesnotworkininner-cityneighborhoodsbecauseparentseitherworkduringthedayoractivelylookforwork.Numerousestimatesbetween1and2millionhavebeenmaderegardingthenumberofhome-schooledchildreninthiscountry.Homeschoolingwillgrowinthefutureascoursematerialsandtutoringsystemsvastlyimprove.

Nottoomanyyearsago，learningathomemeantreadingabookanddoinghomeworkwithtutoringfromaparentoroldersibling.Today,homeshaveanoutstandingtutoravailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thistutorneverlosesitspatience，becomesupset,turnscritical,orscoldsachildforpoorperformance.Infact,thenewtutoringsystemconstantlyrecognizesgoodperformanceandprovidespraiseforprogressinlearning.Thistutoristhemultimediapersonalcomputer.Fordecades，studentshavebeenlearningviatelevisionprograms.Inrecentyears，studentshavelearnedhowtouseapersonalcomputer.NowtechnologyisbringingtogethertheInternet,video,slides，CD-ROM,andtheinteractivityofacomputertocreatemultimediapresentationsthatstudentsenjoy.

Thecostofthistutoringsystemisabout$1,200.Itcanbeusedforatleastsixyears,sotheannualcostis$200.Iftherearetwostudentsinthefamily,theannualcostdropsto$100perstudent.Inmanyhouseholds,theparentsalsousethecomputer,whichreducestheannualcostevenfurther.

Thetutoringsystemallowshomeschoolerstoexploresubjectswithoutaparentorteachertellingthemwhattodonext.Thecomputeralsoprovidesasafeenvironmentforstudentstotakerisks.Theyseeandhearimmediate,positivereinforcementeverytimetheylearnsomething.Immediate,positiveremediationalsoisavailablewhenthestudentdoesn’tfullyunderstandthelesson.Thecomputeristrulyabreakthroughinstudentlearningandinbuildingself-esteem.

Atfirst,coursewaredevelopersthoughttheyhadtoselltheirproductstocurriculumdirectors,teachercommittees,andschoolboards.Now,thesecompaniessellcoursewaredirectlytoparents.Forexample,insteadofbuyingaleather-boundeditionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica,workingparentscanpurchaseacomputerizedencyclopediafor$35orless.

Coursewarequalityandcoursematerialsimproveannuallybecauseparentsandstudentsbuyonlyhigh-qualityandmotivationalcourses.Withmillionsofhomeschoolersandotherchildrenusingthesematerials,thepricepersubjectnowvariesfrom$20to$40.Intheearlyschoolyears,oneortwocoursewaresystemsaresufficientfortheentireschoolyear.Thecoursewaremarkethasbecomeamulti-million-dollarindustryinwhichqualityincreasesandcostsdecreaseconstantly.

Studieshaveshownthatinteractivecoursewarespeedslearningby30to50percentoverconventionalteachingmethods.Lessonretentionalsoimproves.Manyhomeschoolersneedtostudyonlythreeorfourhours,leavingthemmorethanenoughtimeforextracurricularactivities.

Howwillcoursewareimpactthepublicschools?Itcaneitherbeviewedasasideshowthathasnoplaceinaschoolsystem,whichwouldbeamistake,orpublicschoolscanstudywhycoursewareandhomeschoolinghavesucceeded.Investinginoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystemshavebeenhomeschooling’skeystosuccess.Thisisexactlywhatmostpublicschoolsdonotdo，eventhoughtheyspendmorethan$300billionintaxpayers’money.Instead,theyclaimtheyhavenomoneyforoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystems.

Itshouldalsobenotedthatmosthome-schoolingparentsarenotformerteachers.Manyofthemjusthavehighschooldiplomasorhavestudiedayearortwoincommunitycolleges.Thisinformationindicatesthatcertifiedteacherswithininner-cityschoolscouldbemoresuccessfuliftheirclassroomshadoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems，andtutoringsystems.

Homeschoolingwillgrowinresponsetotheviolenceinschoolsandtotheconstantdroneofmessagesaboutpoorstudentperformance，butitcannotreplaceourpublicschoolssystemsbecausemostparentsaresimplynotavailabletoprovidehomeschooling.Itishoped,however,thatpublicsc