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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古化工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Field-based,sociallycomplexeducationprogramcallforadifferentframeworkandmethodologyforevidencegathering,()therigorinthe“science”ofinvestigativeprocessesmustbeevaluatedwithadifferentsetofcriteria()aretraditionallyemployedwithRCTsorquasi-experiment.

问题1选项

A.X...X

B.that...that

C.where...than

D.which...which

【答案】D

【解析】根据题意,第一个空格为非限制定语从句,选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是定语从句,先行词为criteria,所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

()dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查让步状语的连接词。修饰形容词dull的词必须为副词,although和as是连词,后面接句子,因此排除A和C;whatever后面接名词,因此排除B。howeverdullhemaybe表示不管他有多迟钝,因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

DuringtheSpringFestivalholiday,Chinesecitizensaregrantedavisa-upon-arrivalin37countriesandregions,whileafurther11countriesandregionsare()visa-free.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.measurable

C.abnormal

D.accessible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项identical表示“同一的,完全相同的”;B选项measurable表示“可测量的,重大的,重要的”;C选项abnormal表示“反常的,不规则的”;D选项accessible表示“可进入的,可理解的,易接近的”。由句意可知,在春节期间,中国公民在37个国家和地区享有落地签证的权利,而在另外的11个国家和地区,享受免签待遇。因此,D选项含义最符合句意要求,故本题正确答案为D选项。

4.翻译题

中国画是中国传统艺术的一个重要分支。使用长毫毛笔,墨汁及水彩在绢纸上创作的传统中国画可谓硕果累累,且对中国文化与艺术有着重要影响。

传统中国画可以按其主题分为人物,山水,花鸟画等,或依据创作技法区分为工画(Meticulous)和写意画(Thought-sketching)。

中国画将诗、书、画、印结合起来,构成一种程式化形式的艺术。凭借上述元素,中国画能够充分展现B师的艺术特色,并且增添了其美学价值。

【答案】ChinesepaintingisanimportantbranchofChinesetraditionalart.Withusinglonghairpens,inkandwatercolor,traditionalChinesepaintingscreatedonsilkpaperhavebeenfruitfulandhavehadanimportantimpactonChinesecultureandart.

TraditionalChinesepaintingcanbedividedinto,accordingtoitsthemelandscape,figurepainting,landscapepaintingandbirdandflowerpainting,etc.,ordividedintoMeticulouspaintingandThought-sketchingpaintinginaccordancewiththecreativetechnique.

Chinesepaintingcombinespoetry,calligraphy,paintingandprintingtoformastylizedformofart.Withaboveelements,Chinesepaintingcanfullyshowtheartist'sartisticcharacteristicsandadditsaestheticvalue.

5.单选题

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume()significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

问题1选项

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:considerable“相当大的”;B:valuable“有价值的”;C:important“重要的”;D:extensive“广阔的;广大的”。句意:当ETS的工作人员决定特纳的行动是否合理的时候,当时似乎没有什么后果的事实可能之后会产生很大的意义。本处表示“xxx的意义”,修饰名词significance意义。因此A符合题意。

6.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】细节题。对话中女士要给男士加一条毛毯,男士说:You’resosweet,可知女士非常热心。

7.翻译题

随着地球上人口的增加,人类依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量,但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多,不会再增加。随着人口越来越多,人类的消耗也越来越多。很明显,地球上某些地区人口已经饱和;在这其中的许多地区,未来的人口增长肯定会带来更多的贫穷和苦难。然而,富裕国家的人们所使用的自然资源的比例,如粮食和能源,则远大于贫穷国家的人们,他们毫无节制地使用在另一方面会造成资源的巨大浪费。

【答案】AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbeincreasedbyuseofmachinerysuchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,thelandultimatelycanproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Asthehumanpopulationgrows,peopleconsumemore.Clearly,somelocationsonEarthalreadyhavetoomanypeople,inmanyoftheseareas,futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutmorepovertyandsuffering.Yetpeopleinrichnationsuseproportionallyfarmoreoftheavailableresourcesthanpeopleinpoorernations.Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.

8.单选题

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

问题1选项

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim欢呼,喝彩,称赞;attest证明;ratify批准,认可;consider考虑。句意:他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多万人的欢迎,其中大多数人都受到了真诚的鼓舞。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

问题1选项

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”,强调快速闪躲,后面一般接宾语;B选项evaded“逃避;规避;逃脱”;C选项escaped“逃离,逃脱;避开;泄出”;D选项dodged“搪塞”,表示躲避时,目的是免受伤害,可作及物动词,也可以加副词或介词。句意:他迅速躲到树后,以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词behind(到……后面),得知D选项正确。

10.单选题

Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandage,ourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlife,yourbodysystembegantoweaken.Yourjointmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.

Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexercisesyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescencewanttoknow:Whydopeoplegrowold?Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.

Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.

Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquickly,lifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturies,ratherthaninyears!

1.Whenpeoplebecomeaging,theywilllosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury,“bounceback”heremeans().

2.Inordertolivelonger,().

3.Whyaresomescientistsinterestedinstudyingsenescence?

4.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeofliving,because().

5.Accordingtothepassage,“spans”means().

问题1选项

A.toimproveinhealthafterone’sdiseaseandinjury

B.torunfast

C.torecoverfromdiseaseandinjury

D.tojumpafterrecovering

问题2选项

A.weshouldpostponetheprocessofaging

B.weshouldtrytodosomeexercise

C.wehavetotrytobeonadiet

D.weshouldkeepinhighspirits

问题3选项

A.Theymaybeabletofindbetterwaystoourlife.

B.Iftheypindownthebiochemicalprocessthatmakesusage,therewillbehopeforextendingthelengthoflife.

C.Theywantfindoutifthereisalinkbetweenhowefficientlyacellcouldrepairitselfandhowlongacreaturelives.

D.Theywanttoincreasethegeneralabilityofourbodies.

问题4选项

A.theyhaveaverygoodunderstandingofthemselvesandtheoutsideworld

B.theyhavenothingtodoalldaylongonlytowatchtheirgrandchildrengrowinguparoundthem

C.theyhavecomethroughthebattleoflifesafely

D.theyconsidertheirlifehasbeenasuccessfulone

问题5选项

A.alongperiodoftime

B.alengthoftime

C.alongdistancefromoneplacetoanother

D.longevity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第一段的第五句“Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheir

2.信息推断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtoslowor

3.事实细节题。根据第二段的最后一句“Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.”他们希望通过在细胞层次上研究衰老过程,医学可能延长人们的寿命。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后一句“Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.”选项A符合原文。

5.词汇推断题。根据原文句意:lifespans将来也许会以几个世纪来计算,而不是以几年来计算。由此可推断,spans指时间的长短。所以选项B正确。

11.单选题

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone()me.

问题1选项

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式结构。Thisisthefirst(序数词)timethat…表示“第一次做某事”,后面的从句一定要用“现在完成时”,现在完成时的构成have/hasdone。句意:你可能不会相信,这已经是今晚第三次有人给我打电话了。hastelephoned使用了现在完成时,故选B。

12.单选题

What()didtheyemploywhentheyselectedthispictureastheprize-winner?

问题1选项

A.criterion

B.regulation

C.condition

D.testimony

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:为了完成研究项目,教授给了

简介。explicit详尽的,详述的;formidable可怕的,难以对付的;afflictive令人痛苦的,苦恼的;dominant支配的,显性的。因此,A项符合句意。

13.单选题

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly(

)theentireindustrialsector.

问题1选项

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“激励;刺激”;B选项encompass“包含;包围”;C选项entice“怂恿;诱使”;D选项undercut“削(价)竞争;削弱”。句意:1910年,超过60万的黑人工人,或者说10%的黑人工人报告说他们从事“制造业和机械制造业”,这一联邦人口普查类别大致……整个工业部门。综合句意与选项可知B选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Unlikethelibertarians,hedoesnotbelievethestateisasecond-orderphenomenon,amereenablerorprotectorofwhatpeoplechoosetodoincivilsocietyor,alternatively,asaboteuroftheirfreedoms.

问题1选项

A.attributor

B.distracter

C.destroyer

D.precursor

【答案】C

【解析】与自由主义者不同,他不认为国家是一种二阶现象,仅仅是公民社会中人们选择做什么的推动者或保护者,或者是他们自由的破坏者。由“…or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的两种角色,前者是enabler和protector,则saboteur与之是相对立的。A选项attributor“属性;特质”;B选项distracter“误选项;干扰项”;C选项destroyer“破坏者”;D选项precursor“先驱,前导”。比较选项可知C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould(

)themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”;reclaim“取回,收回”;refrain“节制,克制,避免”;reckon“认为,假定”。句意:你一旦知道你错在哪里,你就应该尽快改正。选项A符合题意。

16.不定项选择题

Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.Hecannotbeselective;hemustcovereverythingthatisofferedforpublicscrutinyintheprincipalplayhousesofthecitywhereheworks.Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.ThisstateofaffairsmayhelptoexplainwhytheNewYorktheatrereviewersaresooften,andsounjustly,stigmatizedasbalefulanddestructivefiends.Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.

14.Inwritingthispassage,theauthor’schiefpurposeseemstobe().

15.Thepassageindicatesthatthedramacriticis().

16.ThepassagesuggeststhatasaplayLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightwas().

17.Asusedinthepassage,theword“excoriations”mostnearlymeans().

18.LionelTillingismostprobablya().

19.The“butchersofBroadway”are().

20.Theparagraphprevioustothisonemostprobablydiscussedthe().

问题1选项

A.showwhybookreviewingiseasierthanplayreviewing

B.pointuptheopinionsofShaw

C.shownewtrendsinliterarycriticism

D.defendtheworkoftheplaycritic

问题2选项

A.conditionedbycertainrequirementsofhiscolumn

B.happytoobligethebackersofplays

C.mindfulofthevalueofpublicopinion

D.suspiciousofcriticismdirectedagainsthim

问题3选项

A.inconsequential

B.worthwhile

C.poorlywritten

D.long

问题4选项

A.attacks

B.explanations

C.praises

D.pronouncements

问题5选项

A.followerofShaw

B.dramacritic

C.bookreviewer

D.crimereporter

问题6选项

A.newspapereditors

B.playbackers

C.ineffectiveauthors

D.playreviewers

问题7选项

A.workofabookreviewer

B.characteristicsofthereadingpublic

C.advantagesofbeingadramacritic

D.costsofplayproduction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

【解析】14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者意图题。根据文章首句,可得知戏剧评论家则没有这样的优势,他不可能有选择性,以及原文Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.(他们将职业生涯的大部分时间用于明智地评判不太明智的戏剧,他们偶尔破口大骂就不足为怪了。实际上,他们让我感到奇怪的是,他们骂得不够激烈,不够频繁)很明显,这是在为评论家辩护。A选项“表明为什么书评比戏剧评论容易”,B选项“指出萧伯纳的观点”,C选项“展示文学批评的新趋势”,都太过片面,所以A,B,C选项错误,因此,D选项“为戏剧评论家这个工作辩护”符合题意。

15.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文首段第二句,可知戏剧评论家受篇幅的制约。A选项“受到他的专栏的某些要求的制约”,B选项“很高兴能帮助这些戏剧的支持者”,C选项“注意公众舆论的价值”,D选项“怀疑针对他的批评”。因此,A选项符合题意。

16.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文首段的第三句Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.(他对《日夜兼程》的评论是如此不恰当,令人遗憾,就像今天他对最近一个奶嘴喂养的媚俗派的判决一样,这个媚俗派碰巧给自己找到了一个笨蛋赞助人,损失了10万美元)暗示了如果不是由于篇幅的限制,戏剧评论家会评论得更充分一些,这就说明《日夜兼程》是值得的,可知选择B选项“有价值的”,A选项“无关紧要的”,C选项“写得很差”,D选项“冗长的”。因此,B选项符合题意。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文的倒数第三句AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.(萧伯纳在谈到他90年代的评论家同僚时说他们是“罪有应得的放纵之人。”想象一下,如果莱昂内尔•蒂林或其他有同等声望的人每月被要求评论五本书,其中三本是由犯罪供词组成的中篇小说……),根据罪有应得的放纵之人,可知会受到口头的谴责,因此,A选项“抨击”符合题意。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文倒数第二句ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.(想象一下,如果莱昂内尔•蒂林或其他有同等声望的人每月被要求评论五本书,其中三本是由犯罪供词组成的中篇小说,会遭到怎样的口头谴责。)可得知莱昂内尔•蒂林受人邀请评论书籍,那么他很可能是一位书评家。因此,C选项“书评家”符合题意。

19.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文最后一句ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.(相比之下,百老汇的屠夫就像是羔羊)这句话的前面是有提到书评家,而百老汇是美国戏剧艺术的活动中心,由此可知百老汇的屠夫也就是说的戏剧评论家,因此,D选项“戏剧评论家”符合题意。

20.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。这个自然段前面的一个自然段很可能论述书评家的工作。根据第一句话,Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.(而戏剧评论家则没有这样的优势)可知作者改变了他的话题,因为他运用了ontheotherhand(另一方面)这个词组。与戏剧评论相对应的很可能是书评,而且文章结尾处把书评家和戏剧评论家进行了比较。因此,A选项“书评家的工作”符合题意。

17.单选题

Parentswithonlyonechildtendtohavehigheracademic()fortheirchild.

问题1选项

A.ambitions

B.intentions

C.propositions

D.aspirations

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。ambition“野心”;intention“目的”;proposition“提议”;aspiration“抱负”。句意:只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。选项A符合题意。

18.翻译题

中国奉行防御性的国防政策,加强国防建设的目的是维护国家主权、安全、领土完整,保障国家和平发展。中国军队始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量,将一如既往的同各国加强军事合作、增进军事互信,参与地区和国际安全事务,在国际政治和安全领域发挥积极作用。

加强高新技术武器装备建设,加快全面建设现代后勤,培养大批高素质新型军事人才,深入开展信息化条件下军事训练,增强基于信息系统的体系作战能力。

【答案】答:

Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.OurendeavorstostrengthennationaldefenseaimtosafeguardChina’ssovereignty,securityandterritorialintegrityandensureitspeacefuldevelopment.China’sarmedforceshavealwaysbeenastaunchforceupholdingworldpeaceandwillcontinuetoincreasecooperationandmutualtrustwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,participateinregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andthusplayanactiveroleininternationalpoliticalandsecurityfields.

Weshouldstrengthenthedevelopmentofnew-andhigh-technologyweaponsandequipment,speedupthecompletedevelopmentofmodernlogistics,trainanewtypeofhigh-calibermilitarypersonnelinlargenumbers,intensivelycarryoutmilitarytrainingundercomputerizedconditions,andenhanceintegratedcombatcapabilitybasedonextensiveITapplication.

19.单选题

Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman

问题1选项

A.tomake

B.tohavemade

C.tohavingmade

D.tomaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承认作某事”,为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前,根据admitted(admit的过去式)可知空格处应为过去完成时,因此选C。句意:警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。

20.单选题

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Paragraph2statesthat().

2.Dr.Yehuda’sstudyfoundthatwomen().

3.Onedifferencebetweenthesexesisthatthestresswomenconfronttendstobe().

4.Whatisthemeaningof“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)?

5.Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe().

问题1选项

A.womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress

B.womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen

C.womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress

D.menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress

问题2选项

A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

B.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

C.aremorecapableofavoidingstress

D.areexposedtomorestress

问题3选项

A.domesticandtemporary

B.irregularandviolent

C.durableandfrequent

D.trivialandrandom

问题4选项

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

问题5选项

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由原文第二段第一句“Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.”可知,对动物和人类的研究表明,性激素会以某种方式影响应激反应,使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。由此可知,A选项“从生理上来看,女性更容易受到压力的影响”表述正确。B选项表示“女性仍然承受着很多由男性引起的压力”,在原文内容中并未提及,故错误;C选项表示“在应对压力方面,女性比男性更有经验”,属于断章取义,并不能根据第二段得出相关信息;D选项表示“男人和女人在面对压力时表现出不同的倾向”,与原文段落中心思想偏离,故D项也错误。因此,本题正确答案为A选项。

2.推理判断题。题干询问:Dr.Yehuda研究发现女性……。由原文第三段第一句“Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased‘opportunities’forstress.”可知,女性压力大的原因除了是因为激素增加导致压力大外,还因为增加了造成压力的“机会”。因此,D选项正确,A选项错误,并不是需要额外剂量的化学药品来应对压力。根据原文第三段第三句“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s”可知,女性的抗压能力要比男性强,故B选项表述正确。C选项在原文中并未提及,因此本题正确答案为D选项。

3.细节事实题。由原文第四段“womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.”可知,女性面临的压力多来自家庭内部,更为琐碎重复;男性的压力多是战争或者具有偶然性的动态情况。因此C选项的内容更符合原文表述。故本题正确答案为C选项。A选项表示“家庭内部的”和“暂时性的”,B选项表示“不规律的”和“暴力的”,D选项表示“琐碎的和偶然的”。

4.细节事实题。题干询问:“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思?根据原文第五段“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.”可知,Alvarez作为单身母亲,有很大的生活压力,她要照顾十几岁的孩子,还要工作,付房租,付汽车费用,还要还债务。由此可见,她的工资早已捉襟见肘,难以覆盖家庭开支。因此本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“Alvarez只关心赚钱”,C选项表示“Alvarez做多份工作获得薪水”,D选项表示“Alvarez几乎用支票支付所有的东西”。

5.主旨大意题。题干询问:“这篇文章最适合的题目是……”。本文通过讲述两性在生理以及实际生活中的差异,描述了女性在压力面前的表现,侧重分析了女性压力大的主要原因。A选项没有集中于体现男女之前的差异,因此A选项错误;B选项只是表明男女之间在压力方面存在差异,并未侧重表现女性要面对更多压力;C选项表示只是属于造成压力的其中一个因素,不能概括文章全部内容。因此本题正确答案为D选项。

21.单选题

Onechildperfamilyhasbecomethe()offamilyinmostcitiesinChina.

问题1选项

A.standards

B.criteria

C.norm

D.Itriedhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项standards“标准;规格”;B选项criteria“标准,条件”;C选项norm“标准,规范”D选项touchstone“试金石;检验标准”。句意:一个家庭一个孩子已经成为中国大多数城市的家庭标准。A,B,C选项都有“标准”的意思,它们的区别是:standard指法定的或一般公认的标准,用途比较广泛,criteria指有特殊的确实性,令人信服而用以判断,norm是一种社会习惯(标准),指规范、基准、定额、分配之工作量、准则。因此A选项正确。

22.单选题

Whenyouareinexcellenthealth,deathis(

)unimaginable.

问题1选项

A.nothingbut

B.afterall

C.aboveall

D.allbut

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语搭配。nothingbut“只不过,只有”;afterall“毕竟”;aboveall“总之”;allbut“几乎”。句意:当你身体健康的时候,死亡几乎是不可想象的。

23.不定项选择题

(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemayignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingresourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.

(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedlymoreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andrecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchadevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

42.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin().

43.InmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas().

44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans().

45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.

B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.

C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.

D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.woodresources

B.technologicalresources

C.naturalresources

D.coalresource

问题3选项

A.receivedgreatattentionfromthegovernments

B.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomy

C.affectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbefore

D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention

问题4选项

A.lawsuit

B.interest

C.attention

D.expense

问题5选项

A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?

B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.

C.Technologiesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.

D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一项是正确的?”。根据第一段第二句thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.(一个环境(极地、沙漠、丛林)的本质导致了适合该环境的技术的发展,使人们能够成功地适应环境。)可知,技术可以使人成功适应环境,所以B项“技术使人能够成功地适应环境”正确。A项“环境使人能够成功地适应新技术”,内容与原文相反;C项“技术的发展完全依赖于自然环境”,没有过分强调技术的发展依赖与环境,C选项太绝对;D项“缺乏应对环境问题的技术是由于缺乏自然资源造成的”偷换概念,D项错误。故该题选B。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“从这篇文章中我们可以推断出,在19世纪,英国可能在……是富有的”。根据第一段最后一句inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.(英国从以木材为基础的技术到以煤为基础的技术的逐步转变始于伊丽莎白时代,一直持续到18世纪末。)可知,18世纪的煤炭资源很丰富,才能进行基于煤炭的科技。因此D项“煤炭资源”正确。A项“木材资源”,文中提到英国已经从木材为基础的技术转变为了煤炭为基础的技术,所以A项不选;B项“技术资源”过于笼统;C项“自然资源”文章没有提到。故该题选D。

43.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“在现代西方社会,环境问题已经……”。第二段第四句提到Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreas

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