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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-共青科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish
由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年,所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”,这名称容易滋生误解,好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在,在这里做学问也只算是粗涉藩篱,注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境,一生的时间都嫌太短,所以古人皓首穷经,头发白了还在继续研究,不过在这样的研究中确有浓厚的趣味。
【答案】Fromprimarytosecondaryschool,whatwelearnisnothingmorethansomebasicknowledge.Evenduringthefouryearsofuniversity,thecoursesarestillquitesuperficial.Auniversityhasoftenbeenmisleadinglyregardedasthehighestseatoflearning,asiftherewerenothingmoretolearnbeyondit.Theresearchinstituteofauniversityistheplaceforthepreliminarystudyofknowledge,andthestudyhereisonlyaroughone,focusingontheresearchmethodandpractice.Learningisanendlessprocess,andone’slifeistooshort.Thatiswhysomeancientpeoplecontinuedtostudyevenwhentheywerehoary-headed.Theyweremotivatedbyanenormousinterestintheirstudies.
2.单选题
Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlydeliverydidn’t(
)tothetrafficjamofthe
busycity.
问题1选项
A.aid
B.amount
C.add
D.attribute
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid“援助,帮助”;amount“总计,合计”;add“增加”;attribute“归属,把……归于”。句意:我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。
3.单选题
Lookingatthephoto,itsuddenly(
)onhimthathehadmetthewantedmansomewhere.
问题1选项
A.dawned
B.occurred
C.happened
D.known
【答案】A
【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项dawn“破晓;出现;被领悟”;B选项occur“发生,出现”;C选项happen“发生,碰巧”;D选项know“了解,熟悉”。dawnonsb“(事物)变得令人明白”;occurtosb“(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中,被想起,被想到”,句意为:看着照片,他突然想到,他在哪个地方遇到过这个通缉犯。故正确答案选A。
4.单选题
Almostasa()totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.
问题1选项
A.corollary
B.outcome
C.consequence
D.results
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论,必然的结果”;B选项outcome“结局,成果”;C选项consequence“重要性,推论”;D选项results“后果”。句意:希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果,人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。
5.不定项选择题
Whenyouchooseafreezer,rememberit’sprobablygoingtobewithyouforalongtime.Nosinglestyleorsizeisbest,soit’simportanttoknowwhichfreezerisrightforyourneeds.
First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficientbecauselesscoldairescapeswhentheyareopen.
Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost.Chestfreezersarealwaysmanual.Frostlessfreezersautomaticallydefrostatpresetintervalsandremovethewater.Manualmodelsmustbedefrostedbyhandeveryfewmonthsorwheneverfrostaccumulatestoaboutaquarterofaninch.
Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage,trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts.Draftsandheatwillraisethefreezer’scabinettemperatureandmakeitworkhardertokeepcool.Thatmeanswastedenergyandashortenedcompressorlife.
Dryairisimportantbecausehighhumiditycancausethefreezertorustoutsideandfrostupinside.Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.
Frostlessmodelsrequirelesscarethanmanualdefrostfreezers.Theinteriorofafrostlessunitshouldbewashedperiodicallywithwarmwaterandbakingsodaoramildsoap,rinsed,anddried.
Togetthemostfromyourfreezer,checkregularlytomakesureit’sprovidingatruezero-degreetemperature.
Keepthefreezeratleastthree-quartersfull.Theemptieritgets,themoreenergyiswaswasted.Ifmorethanthreepoundsoffoodpercubicfootofstoragespaceisaddedevery24hours,theresultinghighorlowtemperaturescandamagethefood.
1.WhichisNOTthedifferencebetweenuprightmodelfreezerandchestmodelfreezer?
2.Theunderlinedword“manual”inthethirdparagraphmeans(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,choosingthebestplaceforyourfreezermeans(
).
4.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutthefactorswhichcaninfluencethelifespanoffreezers?
5.Whichstatementbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Anuprightmodeltakeslessroomontheground.
B.Anuprightfreezeriseasierforpeopletoputinandtakeoutfood.
C.Achestfreezerismoreeffectivethananuprightone.
D.Achestmodelneedmanualdefrostwhileanuprightoneneedn’t.
问题2选项
A.man-made
B.automatic
C.usinghands
D.everlasting
问题3选项
A.puttingitinanunheatedgarageifpossible
B.tryingtokeepitawayfromheat,drafts,andhumidity
C.locatingitnearasinkifitisamanual-defrostmodel
D.locatingitascloseaspossibletothekitchendoor
问题4选项
A.Humidity
B.Propercare
C.Theamountofstorage
D.Surroundingtemperature
问题5选项
A.Itdiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffreezers.
B.Ittellsthemosteconomicalwaystouseafreezer.
C.Itexplainshowtodefrostamanual-defrostfreezer.
D.Itoffersadviceaboutchoosingandcaringforafreezer.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干:立式冰柜和箱式冰柜的区别是什么?A选项“立式冰柜占的空间更小。”;B选项“直立式冰箱更便于人们放入和取出食物。”;C选项“箱式冰箱比立式冰箱更有效。”;D选项“箱式冰柜需要人工除霜,而立式冰柜则不需要。”。第二段第二句话:Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficient…(立式冰箱比较方便。它们的存储空间更方便,占用的面积更少。然而,箱式冰柜更节能……),由此可以看出A、B、C正确;虽然前面半句正确但是文章没有提到立式冰柜不需要除霜,所以答案选D。
第2题:事实细节题。A“人造的”;B选项“自动的”;C选项“使用手的”;D选项“永恒的”。定位到文章第三段第一句Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost(如果你要买直筒式的,你必须在无霜和()除霜之间做出选择。)这里根据句意是说有两种冰箱做选择,有些冰箱是无霜冰箱,既然是做选择也就是另一些是有霜的,这些有霜冰箱不能自动除霜就需要手动来除霜。所以这里答案选C,其他选项不符合题意。
第3题:事实细节题。题干:根据文章,为你的冰箱选择最好的地方意味着……A选项“如果可能的话,把它放在没有暖气的车库里”;B选项“尽量让它远离热量,气流和湿度”;C选项“如果它是手动除霜型,就把它放在水槽附近”;D选项“把它放在离厨房门越近越好”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句话…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts(……找一个凉爽、干燥、远离穿堂风的地方),B选项是这句话的同意替换,所以答案选B选项。文章没有建议把冰箱放在某个具体的地方,所以答案A、C、D都不能选。
第4题:事实细节题。题干:影响冰箱寿命的因素有哪些没有提到?A选项“湿度”;B选项“适当的维护”;C选项“存储的数量”;D选项“周围的温度”。定位到文章第四段第一句…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts(……找一个凉爽、干燥、远离穿堂风的地方)这里讲了温度和湿度,所以答案A、D排除;定位到第五段第二句话Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.(如果使用得当,冰箱可以为你服务15年甚至更久)这里讲的是维护和保养,所以B选项排除;答案选C选项。
第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“它讨论了冰箱的优点和缺点”;B选项“它告诉了最经济的使用冰箱的方法”;C选项“它解释了如何解冻一个手动解冻冰柜”;D选项“它提供了选择和照顾冰箱的建议”。定位到文章第一段第一句话Whenyouchooseafreezer…(当你选冰箱的时候……);第二段第一句话First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.(首先,决定你是想要一个直立的还是箱型的);第四段第一句话Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage…(为了让你的冰箱寿命更长……)从这些可以看出这篇文章是关于冰箱的选择和保养的文章,所以答案选D。
6.填空题
A:Howlonghaveyouandyourteambeen(1)onthatfinalreport?
B:(2)aweekandahalfnow.Thedeadlineforsubmissionistomorrowat5o’clock.Ifwedon’tgetitdone(3)then,we’llreallybeinhotwater!Ihaven’tsleptawink(4)thedaybeforeyesterday.
A:No(5)youlooksotiredthen!IstherethatIcandotohelp?
B:Idon’tthinkso,butthanksforoffering.
A:Well,I(6)youluck!
【答案】working;For;by;since;wonder;anything;wish
【解析】句意:
——你和你的团队在完成最后那一篇报告上花了多久时间?
——到现在有一个半星期了。上交的截止日期是明天五点。如果我们在那时间
点还没完成的话,我们就会有麻烦了。从前天开始我就没合过眼了。
——难怪你看起来很疲惫。我可以帮你做点什么吗?
——我认为不用。但是谢谢你的好意。
——好,祝你好运!
1.固定搭配。workon致力于,继续工作,因为后面是finalreport,说明之前还做了其它工作,因此这里应该是取“继续工作”之意。
2.语义题。此处的aweekandahalf是一个时间段,因此用for。
3.语义题。此处表示“截至”那个时间点会有什么样的后果,因此填by。
4.固定搭配。nowonder难怪。
5.常用语。”IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?(有什么可以帮到你吗)”是常用的交际用语。
6.常用语。Iwishyouluck祝你好运。
7.单选题
Thecrowd()intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.
问题1选项
A.outgrew
B.overthrew
C.overpassed
D.overflew
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项outgrew“过大而不适于,出生,长大成熟而不再”;B选项overthrew“扔出,抛出”;C选项overpassed“通过,度过”;D选项overflew“(尤指液体)溢出,(容器)满得溢出,挤满人了,淹没”。句意:人群()了大厅,有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大厅”,因此D选项符合题意。
8.单选题
Hedoesn’tknowmuchaboutpolitics,buthe’salwaysshootingoffhismouthabouthowgoodheis.Heissomewhatofa/an(
).
问题1选项
A.dogmatist
B.adventurer
C.braggart
D.humbler
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dogmatist“教条主义者;独断家”;B选项adventurer“冒险家”;C选项braggart“吹牛者;好自夸者”;D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。句意:他不了解政治,但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。他多少是个……。C选项符合题意。
9.单选题
Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina()ontherailwayyesterday.
问题1选项
A.collision
B.collaboration
C.corrosion
D.confrontation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A项collision“碰撞,冲突”,B项collaboration“合作”,C项corrosion“腐蚀”,D项confrontation“对抗,面对”。把四个选项分别代入句子中,可知只有collision符合。句意:据报道,昨天有30人在铁路相撞中丧生。因此,该题选择A项正确。
10.单选题
“Hello,Bob,Ididn’tknowyou()jogging.”“Oh,yesGeorge,I’vebeendoingitforoveramonthnow.”
问题1选项
A.wentfor
B.wentout
C.wentonwith
D.wentinfor
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项wentfor“去找,被认为,主张,拥护,努力获取”;B选项wentout“出去,熄灭,过时”;C选项wentonwith“继续,进行,暂时使用”;D选项wentinfor“爱好,参与,从事,追求,赞成”。句意:“你好,鲍勃,我不知道你()慢跑。”“噢,是的,乔治,我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出,提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”,因此D选项符合题意。
11.单选题
Inmoderndays,onthewesternbankoftheupperTigrisRiverstandsanIraqicitycalledQal’atShartlat.Thousandsofyearsago,thisverysitewasoncethecapitalofagreatMesopotamianempire.Atthetime,theplacehadadifferentname.ItwascalledAshurorArrur.ThewordAshureventuallygaverisetotheteamAssyria,whichwasthenorthernpartofMesopotamia.PeoplelivinginthatregionlaterbecameknownastheAssyrians.
HistoriansoftendividethelonghistoryofAssyriaintothreeperiodseventhoughtheycannotreachaconsensusovertheexactdatesofeachera.ThethreeperiodswastheOldAssyrianPeriod(circa2000B.C.—1400B.C.),theMiddleAssyrianPeriod(circa1365B.C.—1100B.C.)andtheNeo-AssyrianEmpire(circa934B.C.—609B.C.).
ArchaeologicalevidenceshowedthatpeoplebegantosettleinAshurasearlyas2500B.C.ButitdidnotattainanypoliticalsignificanceuntilthethirddynastyofUrcollapsedin2004B.C.Afterthatfiasco,theAssyrianstransformedtheAshurintoabustlingcommercialcenter,controllingtraderoutestoandfromAnatolia.In1813B.C.,thefirstgreatAssyrianking,Shamshi-AdadI,ascendedthethroneandbeganaseriesofmilitaryexpansions.Attheheightofhisreign,hiskingdomownedtheentirenorthernMesopotamia.Itsgrowinginfluencegaveitsneighborplentyofreasonstobewary.WhilethingsweregoingsplendidlyforthisAssyrianupstart,Shamshi-Adadpassedawayin1791B.C.Soonafterhisdeath,thekingdombegantofallapart.KnowingthattheShamshi-Adad5sempirewasonthevergeofcollapse,Hammurabiofthe1stdynastyofBabylonjumpedatthechanceandinvadednorthernMesopotamia.HeconqueredAshurin1760B.C.Fromthatpointontothemiddleof1300sB.C.,Assyriawasreducedtoamerevassalstate.Atfirst,ithadtoanswertothe1stdynastyofBabylon.Afterthatempirewaseradicated,itturnedtosubmittoaHumankingdomcalledMitanni.Itwasnotuntil1365B.C.thatAssyria,thenruledbyAshur-uballitI,wasabletoregainitsindependence.Forthenextcouplehundredyears,Assyriagrewincreasinglypowerful.IteventuallydefeatedBabyloniaandevenoccupiedEgypt.
1.Accordingtothearticle,theAssyrianlivedinpartofmodern-day().
2.Accordingtothehistorians,thehistoryofAssyriahaslastedforabout().
3.ItwasduringthereignofShamshi-AdadI,thefirstgreatAssyrianKing,whentheAssyrians().
4.DuringthereignofShamshi-AdadI,theneighboringcountriesofAssyrianEmpire().
5.Inhistory,theAssyrianswereonceverypowerful,andtheyevenoccupied()atonestage.
问题1选项
A.Egypt
B.India
C.China
D.Iraq
问题2选项
A.4,000years
B.3,800years
C.3,100years
D.1,400years
问题3选项
A.begantoexpandtheirempirewithmilitaryforces
B.begantoopennewtraderoutes
C.begantoencouragecommercialactivities
D.begantoestablishdiplomaticrelationswithothercountries
问题4选项
A.allshowedtheirrespect
B.alladmiredtheachievementsofShamshi-AdadI
C.allbecamevigilantandanxious
D.allpaidtributetoShamshi-AdadI
问题5选项
A.India
B.Russia
C.Egypt
D.Greece
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:C
【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段的内容可知,Assyrian生活在几千年前被称为Ashur或Arrur的地方。现在这个地方名为Qal’atShartlat,是一座伊拉克的城市。所以选项D正确。
2.信息归纳题。根据第二段的内容可知,历史学家将亚述历史划分为三个时期,分别持续了600年、265年、325年,一共是大约1400年的历史。选项D正确。
3.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句“In1813B.C.,thefirstgreatAssyrianking,Shamshi-AdadI,ascendedthethroneandbeganaseriesofmilitaryexpansions.”选项A符合原文。
4.事实细节题。根据第三段“Itsgrowinginfluencegaveitsneighborplentyofreasonstobewary.”其日益增长的影响力使其邻国有充足的理由保持警惕。选项C符合原文。
5.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“IteventuallydefeatedBabyloniaandevenoccupiedEgypt.”它最终打败了巴比伦王国,甚至占领了埃及。选项C正确。
12.单选题
Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave(
)agriculturalproduction.
问题1选项
A.blundered
B.tangled
C.bewildered
D.hampered
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。blundered“做错;说错话”;tangled“使纠缠;处于混乱状态”;bewildered“使迷惑,使不知所措”;hampered“阻碍,束缚”。句意:小农场和现代技术的缺乏阻碍了农业生产。联系前半句可知只有D项“阻碍”符合句意。答案D
13.单选题
Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.
Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.
Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.
GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”
1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.
2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.
3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.
4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.
5.Thepassageismainlyabout.
问题1选项
A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation
B.whoarehighlyintelligent
C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive
D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings
问题2选项
A.constantlydoingmemorywork
B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities
C.goingthroughspecifictraining
D.makingfrequentadjustments
问题3选项
A.remaintobefurtherproved
B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts
C.havebeengenerallyaccepted
D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves
问题4选项
A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities
B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains
C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining
D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities
问题5选项
A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrain
B.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentally
C.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealth
D.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化,使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用(Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory),由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康,因此选项C符合题意。
2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点,他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练,只要让思维保持警觉就可以(Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness),因此选项B符合题意。
3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑(Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork),因此选项D符合题意。
4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知选项A符合题意。
5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时,会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用;第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明,并且建议随着年纪增长,身体和精神都应该得到锻炼,因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。
14.单选题
TheGovernmentis()thedangerofleadpollutioninourcities.
问题1选项
A.goingfor
B.countingon
C.lookinginto
D.turningup
【答案】C
【解析】词组辨析题。gofor主张,拥护;counton指望,依靠;lookinto调查,观察;turnup出现,
发生。句意:政府正在对本城市的主要危险污染物进行调查。选项C符合句意。
15.单选题
Theywere______intheirscientificresearch,notknowingwhathappenedjustoutsidetheirlab.
问题1选项
A.submerged
B.drowned
C.immersed
D.dipped
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”;B选项drown“淹没,溺死”;C选项immerse“使浸没于,(使)深陷于,沉浸在”;D选项dip“浸,(使)下降,下沉”。beimmersedin为固定搭配,表示“专心(埋头)于……”。句意:他们沉浸在科学研究中,不知道实验室外发生了什么。
16.单选题
Theremarkable(
)oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwinto
establishhistheoryofevolution.
问题1选项
A.classification
B.variety
C.density
D.diversion
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。classification“分类,类别”;variety“多样化”;density“密度”;diversion“转移,消遣”。句意:加拉帕戈斯群岛上生物显著的多样性激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论。由后半句“激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论”可推知该岛上的生物是多样的。答案B
17.单选题
Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.
问题1选项
A.confer
B.exclude
C.allot
D.commend
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予(奖项、学位、荣誉或权利)”;B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列;防止……进入,阻止……参加,把……排斥在外”;C选项allot“分配,配给(时间、钱财等);分派(任务等)”;D选项commend“赞扬;举荐”。句意:我们将出台立法,简化商标注册程序,扩大他们______的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”,A选项confer“授予(奖项、学位、荣誉或权利)”对应rights“权利”,符合题意。因此A选项正确。
18.单选题
Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.Itsstridentclamordominatesourlives.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;plucksatoursleevesontheescalator;signalstousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandlashesmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Ithasforcedonusawholenewconceptionofthesuccessfulmanasamannolessthan20%ofwhosemailconsistsofannouncementsofgiantcarpetsales.
AdvertisinghasbeenamongEngland’sbiggestgrowthindustriessincethewar,intermsoftheratioofmoneyearningstodemonstrableachievement.Whyallthefantasticexpenditure?
Perhapstheansweristhatadvertisingsavesthemanufacturersfromhavingtothinkaboutthecustomer.Atthestageofdesigninganddevelopingaproduct,thereisquiteenoughtothinkaboutwithoutworryingoverwhetheranybodywillwanttobuyit.Thedesignerisbusyenoughwithoutaddingcustomer-appealtoallhisotherproblemsofman-hoursandmachinetolerancesandstressfactors.Sotheyjustgoaheadandmakethethingandleaveittotheadvertisertofindelevenwaysofmakingitappealtopurchasersaftertheyhavefinishedit,bypretendingthatitconformstatusoratractsloveorsignifiesmanliness.Iftheadvertisingagencycandothisauthoritativelyenough,themanufacturerisinclover.
Othermanufacturersfindadvertisingsavesthemfromchangingtheirproduct.Andmanufacturershatechange.Theidealproductisonewhichgoesonunchangedforever.If,therefore,foronereasonoranother,somealternationseemscalledforastohowmuchbettertochangetheimage,thepacketorthepitchmadebytheproduct,ratherthangotoalltheinconvenienceofchangingtheproductitself.
Theadvertisingmanhastocombinethequalitiesofthethreemostauthoritativeprofessions:Church.Bar,andMedicine.Thegreatskillrequiredofourpriests,mosthighlydevelopedinmissionariesbutpresent,inall,istheskillofgettingpeopletobelieveinandcontributemoneytosomethingwhichcanneverbelogicallyproved.AttheBar,anessentialabilityisthatofpresentingthemostpersuasivecaseyoucantoajuryofordinarypeople,withemotionalappealsmasqueradingaslogicalexposition;acaseyoudonotnecessarilyhavetobelieveinyourself,justoneyouhavestudiouslyavoideddiscoveringtobefalse.AsforMedicine,anydoctorwillconfirmthatalargepartofhisjobisnotclinicaltreatmentbutfaithhealing.Hisapparentlyscientificapproachenableshispatientstobelievethatheknowsexactlywhatiswrongwiththemandexactlywhattheyneedtoputthemright,justasadvertisingdoes—“Rundown?Youneed...”“Noonewilldancewithyou?Alittleof...willmakeyoupopular”.
Advertisingmenusestatisticsratherlikeadrunkusesalamppost-forsupportratherthanillumination.Theywilldressanyoneupinawhitecoattoappearlikeanunimpeachableauthority,or,failingthat,theywillevenbyhappywiththeannouncement.“Asusedby90%oftheactorswhoplaydoctorsontelevision.”Theirengagingqualityisthattheyenjoyhavingtheirlatesttricksuncoveredalmostasmuchasanyoneelse.
1.Accordingtothepassage,modernadvertisingis“authoritative”becauseofthewayit(
)
2.Theformsofadvertisingmentionedinthefirstparagraphwouldhaveleastimpact(
)
3.Accordingtothepassage,customersareattractedtoaproductbecauseitappearsto(
)
4.TheadvertisingmanissaidtosharewiththeChurch,Bar,andMedicinetheabilityto(
)
5.Theadvertisers(
).
问题1选项
A.influencesourimageofthekindofpersonweoughttobelike
B.interfereswiththeprivacyofhomelife
C.continuallyforcesusintobuyingthings
D.distractsusnomatterwhereweare
问题2选项
A.intherushhours
B.duringworkinghours
C.beforeworkinghours
D.afterworkinghours
问题3选项
A.haveasufficientlyattractivedesign
B.offergoodvalueformoneyspentonit
C.fulfillthemanufacturers’claims
D.satisfytheirpersonalneeds
问题4选项
A.convincepeopleofthetruth
B.winpeople’sconfidence
C.acceptpeople’sprejudices
D.exploitpeople’sfears
问题5选项
A.knowdeepdownwhattheywant
B.areinterestedinwhatisbeingdesigned
C.areindifferenttowhatisbeingadvertised
D.areuncriticalandeasilyinfluenced
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实。第一段:Itsstridentclamordominatesourlives...coloredlightsallnight,即D项(不管我们在哪里,广告都会分散我们的注意力)。
2.归纳推理。第一段举例讲述的是广告对我们日常休闲时候的影响。题干问的是什么时候广告对我们影响最小,因此推测B项(工作时间)正确。
3.细节事实。第三段:Sotheyjustgoaheadandmakethethingandleaveittotheadvertisertofindelevenwaysofmakingitappealtopurchasersaftertheyhavefinishedit,bypretendingthatitconformstatusoratractsloveorsignifiesmanliness.由此推断D项(满足消费者个人需求)正确。
4.归纳推理。文章指出广告人不得不结合三个最权威行业:教堂,酒吧和医院。他们最大的本领就。是取得人们的信任。
5.判断推理。从文章大意可以看出那些广告客户的目的十分明确。
19.单选题
IfIkeepthisoathfaithfully,mayIenjoymylifeandpracticemyart,(
)byallmenandinalltimes;butifIswervefromitorviolateit,maythereversebemylot.
问题1选项
A.beingrespected
B.respecting
C.respectfully
D.respected
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。题干主句中谓语动词为enjoy,后面接动词ing形式。空格后有by,可推测前面应该是被动语态。因此应使用being+done的形式。A选项符合题意。
20.单选题
TheCanterburyTales(
)writtenbyChaucer.
问题1选项
A.hasbeen
B.were
C.was
D.hadbeen
【答案】C
【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是乔叟写的。
语法题。考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为TheCanterburyTales(一本书),后面又有关键信息writtenbyChaucer,所以谓语动词应该用一般过去时和第三人称单数形式。故选C。
21.单选题
Geysershaveoftenbeencomparedtovolcanoes______theybothemithotliquidsformbelowtheEarth’ssurface.
问题1选项
A.dueto
B.became
C.inspiteof
D.regardlessof
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子逻辑。从句子的意思可以知道,前后成分是结果与原因的关系,所以我们需要选择一个表示原因的连接词,A项dueto“由于”,后面接表示原因的名词性成分;B项become“变成”,不符合逻辑;C项inspiteof“尽管”表示让步;D项regardlessof“不管”表示条件;这里题干其实省略了一个that。句意:间歇泉经常被比作火山,因为它们都释放出地表下的热液体。因此,该题正确答案为A。
22.单选题
TheNuttyProfessorwaswrittenoffas(),butinactuality,hewasasmartman!
问题1选项
A.complicity
B.effigy
C.inane
D.diatribe
【答案】C
【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项complicity“共谋;串通;共犯关系”;B选项effigy“雕像;肖像”;C选项inane“空洞的;愚蠢的”;D选项diatribe“诽谤;恶骂”。句意:肥佬教授被描写成愚蠢的,但是在现实中他却是一个聪明的人。结合句意可知C选项正确。
23.单选题
Inthe______areasoftherailroadterminal,thousandsoftravelerslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.
问题1选项
A.circuitous
B.baleful
C.auxiliary
D.capacious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项circuitous表示“迂曲的,绕行的”,B项baleful表示“恶意的,有害的”,C项auxiliary表示“辅助的,副的,附加的”,D项capacious表示“宽敞的,广阔的”。根据railroadterminal(铁路终点站)和thousandsoftravelers(成千上万的旅客)可知,______areas表示“宽敞的地方”。句意:在铁路终点站广阔的区域里,成千上万的旅客逗留在那等待火车。因此,该题选择D项正确。
24.填空题
Intheearthquakeandtsunami,Japanfacesitsmostseriouscrisisinageneration.Theterriblehumantollisstillbeing(1),evenasreliefeffortsaccelerate,theestimateoflivelosthave(2)fromafewhundredinthehoursafterthefloodingtoprojectionssurpassing10,000.And(3)thehumanitarianscaleofthedisasteriscominginto(4),theultimatescopeofthecrisesattheFukushimaDaiichi,FukushimaDainiandOnagawanuclearpowerplantremains(5),asdoestheextentofdamagetocriticalinfrastructure(6)thecountry’sNorthPacificcoast.
Inthemidstofthedisaster,economistsandpolicymakersare(7)withthedelicatetaskofassessingtheimplicationsofcurrenteventsforJapan’salready-tenuouseconomic(8).Theanalysisisfar-reachinginitsrelevance,notleastbecauseofJapan’sposition(9)theworld’sthird-largesteconomy,thechallengesitalreadyfacesinmovingtowardfiscalsustainabilityanditsroleinsupportingglobalfinancialmarkets,(10)currencymarketsandthemarketforU.S.treasuries.
In(11)oftheearthquake,theeconomic(12)forJapanwasalreadyfairydim.Theeconomywasprojectedtogrow(13)just1.7percentin2011,accordingtoconsensusestimates,roughlyhalfthe(14)oftheUnitedStates.Significantnewfiscal(15)tosupporttheeconomywaslargelyruledoutgiventhecountry’salreadysubstantialbudgetdeficit.Atnearly200percent,thecountry’sgrossdebt-to-GDPratioissecondonlytoZimbabwe’s,thoughitsnetdebtisroughlyhalfthatlevelandservingcostsremainlow.
【答案】1.assessed
2.climbed
3.while
4.focus
5.unclear
6.along
7.faced
8.recovery
9.as
10.including
11.advance
12.outlook
13.at
14.pace
15.stimulus
【解析】1.语法题。根据空格前being可判断本句为被动语态,应填入动词的过去分词形式,又因为上文提到humantoll“人员伤亡人数”,可知这里应该是表达对人员伤亡人数的评估。句意:可怕的死亡人数仍在评估中。所以assessed符合题意。
2.语法题。根据空格前的助动词have可知,空格中填入动词的过去分词形式,构成现在完成时态。又因为下文提到伤亡人数从洪水发生后几小时预测的几百人到一万多人,可判断出数量在增加。句意:据估计,在洪水过后的几个小时内,死亡人数已经从几百人上升到超过10000人。所以climbed符合题意。
3.逻辑关系题。根据下文的remains“仍然”,可知上下文存在让步关系,连词while“尽管”,可表达让步关系。句意:尽管这场灾难的救援力度渐渐加大。所以while符合题意。
4.固定搭配。根据固定搭配comeintofocus“明白易懂,轮廓清晰”,句意:尽管这场灾难的救援力度渐渐加大。所以focus符合题意。
5.上下文语义。根据前后两句的让步关系,可知尽管加大救援力度,但是核电站危及的最终范围还是不清晰。Unclear和上文的focus形成对比,所以unclear符合题意。
6.固定搭配。根据空格后的thecountry’sNo
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