考研考博-英语-信阳师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-信阳师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thechangesinthiscityhaveoccurred（）.

问题1选项

A.withswiftness

B.fastly

C.rapidly

D.inrapidways

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。swift、fast和rapid都是快的意思。swift，含有平稳、马上、优美的意思；fast作副词时，可指物体或人的速度快，主要用来修饰人或物体的动作，fast本身就有副词的作用。英语中，几乎不见fastly这个词，所以B选项排除；rapid是正式用语，多指运动本身，强调运动的高速度，所指的速度有时有“对人有益”的含义，常常可与fast互换使用，但语气比fast强。例如：Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathisparentswereveryglad.（他取得了如此快的进步，以至于他的父母都很高兴。），副词形式是rapidly，修饰动词occur应该用副词，所以C选项符合题意。句意：这个城市的变化发生得很快。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

2.单选题

Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,California.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andI’moutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.

EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunningprotectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTomitzeronabike.Ishout“Tomitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTomitzer’sbackwheel.TomitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver，awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTomitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.Insevendays,Iwillbe8yearsold.

1.Thebesttitleforthisstorycouldbe（）

2.ThemainimageinParagraph1isofayoungboy（）.

3.ThemainimageinParagraph2isof（）.

4.Thestorystartwiththefeelingof（）,andendswiththefeelingof（）.

5.Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthrough（）.

问题1选项

A.Summer

B.KillerDogs

C.MyEighthBirthday

D.TheAlley

问题2选项

A.climbingawhitebrickfences

B.snatchingavocados

C.runningwithfearandexhilaration

D.defyingferociousdogs

问题3选项

A.Tomitzerridinghisbike

B.exhilarationturningintohorror

C.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealley

D.thehysteriaofthewomandriver

问题4选项

A.joyfulaction...horrifiedinaction

B.running...standing

C.beingalone...beingwithothers

D.beingaloneintheopen...shiveringintheheat

问题5选项

A.theuseofminutedetail

B.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcold

C.itsimpliedreferencetotheword“frozen”

D.thecontrastofdeathandplay

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章讲述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，选项A符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段第一句话提到小男孩偷牛油果(astolenavocado)。选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第二段讲述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看见Tomitzer在骑自行车，很高兴地喊他，但是他在回头的时候，被汽车撞死了。见到此情此景，小男孩Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.说明小男孩内心很害怕。这一段主要讲述了小男孩由偷牛油果的兴奋到间接害死朋友的恐惧心理。选项B符合题意。

第4题:根据上题，可知选项A符合题意。

第5题:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常开心的，但是当Tomitzer因为他而死了的时候他感觉很害怕。这个短语用来描述死亡与玩耍的对比，选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies.Televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.

Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted"biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors"asallplayingtheirparts.

Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果关系).SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."

Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenlieweededout"themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression",only28%supportedaconnection.

Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.

Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.

1.Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies.TVandvideogames?

2.Whatistheskeptics'viewofmediaviolence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1.Para.5)torefertothosewho（）.

4.Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging（）

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?

问题1选项

A.Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.

B.Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday'ssociety.

C.Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.

D.Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.

问题2选项

A.Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.

B.Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.

C.Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.

D.Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.

问题3选项

A.usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolence

B.initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonreality

C.assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehavior

D.useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior

问题4选项

A.thesourceandamountoftheirdata

B.thetargetsoftheirobservation

C.theirsystemofmeasurement

D.theirdefinitionofviolence

问题5选项

A.Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.

B.Itshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettled.

C.Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.

D.Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段onemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.人们可能会合理地问，一个把家庭暴力视频作为娱乐的社会出了什么问题?可知人们认为展示暴力是具有娱乐性的，故D项正确。

2.判断推理题。由第三段“Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."当研究人员淡化研究中的不确定性或夸大因果关系时，问题就出现了。几年前，包括美国医学会(AmericanMedicalAssociation)在内的一些学会试图通过发表联合声明来结束这场争论，对此持怀疑态度的人感到失望:“此时，超过1000项研究压倒性地指出，媒体暴力与一些儿童的攻击性行为之间存在因果关系。”由此可知怀疑论者的研究报告夸大了媒体暴力对于观众的影响。故B项正确。

3.词义题。Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.这里的临界点是因果关系。危言耸听者说，他们已经证明暴力媒体会导致攻击性。由此可知alarmists认为暴力媒体与攻击行为之间有直接关系，故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第五段“Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?但是他们观察背后的假设需要被检验。当给游戏贴上暴力或非暴力的标签时，一个吃鬼的英雄真的应该被算作暴力事件吗?当实验者记录下游戏玩家从列表中阅读“攻击性”或“非攻击性”词汇所花的时间时，我们能确定他们实际上在测量什么吗?由此可知，作者首先质疑的就是这些研究者对于暴力的概念。故D项正确。

5.判断推理题。由最后一段Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.另一个适当的步骤是在我们知道更多之前降低批评的声音。几位研究人员就媒体中的暴力构成的威胁进行了大量的写作、发言和证实。当然，这是他们的特权。但在这样做的时候，他们往往会说事情已经解决了，招致同事们的批评。作为回应，危言耸听者指责批评家和新闻记者被娱乐产业欺骗了。这样的冲突对科学和社会都没有好处。可知作者认为双方进行更充分的研究再得出一个合理一致的结论。故A项正确。

4.单选题

Microfinanceisananti-povertytool.Ifyoumakesmallloanstogroupsofpoorwomen,theyalwaysrepaythemontime.Microfinancehasgrownrapidlyinmanycountries.Yettheindustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial.

InBangladeshthegovernmenthascappedtheannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.InAndhraPradesh(AP),theIndianstatewiththemostmicrofinanceborrowers,localpoliticianshavebulliedthebusinesstoavirtualhalt.Thesestepsareostensiblymotivatedbyadesiretodefendthepoorfromgettingstuckinadebt.Buttheyarewrong-headed.

Despitechargingseeminglyhighinterestrates,MFIstypicallyhavethinmarginsbecauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans.Pressingthemtoreduceratesfurtherwouldjeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.

Infact,thepooroftenusemicroloanstopayofffarmoreexpensiveloansfromvillagemoneylenders.Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforthesemoneylenders,butissurelynottheoutcomethatpolicymakerswant.

Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry.Peru,forexample,isrankedashavingthebestbusinessenvironmentformicrofinance,inpartbecausetheregulatorhassuccessfullysetandenforcedrulesoncapitalbuffers,leadingtoamorestableenvironmentfortheindustry.India,incontrast,isyettodecidewhetherrulesgoverningmicrofinancearetobesetatthenationallevelorbyindividualstates.

Manythingscanbedone.Forinstance,anassociationofIndianMFIsistryingtosetupacreditbureauwhichwouldallowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories,thusguardingthemagainstlendingapersonmorethansheisabletohandle.ThiswouldbehelpedenormouslyifthegovernmentspedupitseffortstogiveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.TheIndiangovernmentshouldalsoallowMFIstotakedeposits,whichtheyarecurrentlypreventedfromdoing:thiswouldmakethemlessdependentoncapitalmarketsforfunding.Actuallytherearemoreusefulmeasuresforthepoorthananinterest-ratecap.

1.Themicrofinanceindustryisunderattackbecause（

）.

2.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2mostprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,MFIsarenotmakingabigprofitbecause

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor，whatwouldhappenifpeople’saccesstomicrofinanceisrestricted?

5.InParagraph5,whatdoestheexampleofPeruandIndiaindicate?

6.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichmeasureisNOTapprovedbytheauthor?

问题1选项

A.itdevelopstoofast

B.itofferssmallloans

C.itover-emphasizesbusiness

D.itisananti-povertytool

问题2选项

A.tosetamaximumannualinterestrate

B.tochangetheannualinterestrate

C.torelaxthecontroloftheannualinterestrate

D.toreducetheannualinterestrate

问题3选项

A.theinterestratesaretoolow

B.thehandingofnumeroussmallloansisexpensive

C.theyfailtoattractprivatecapital.

D.theyareundergreatpressurefromthegovernment

问题4选项

A.TheprofitofMFIswouldbereduced.

B.Poorpeoplewouldnotbetrappedinadebt.

C.Peoplewouldonlygetmorecostlyloans.

D.Policymakerswouldbethrilledattheoutcome.

问题5选项

A.Indiahasbeenawareoftheimportanceofregulationonmicrofinance.

B.ThemicrofinanceindustryisboominginbothIndiaandPeru.

C.Sensibleregulationspromotethemicrofinanceindustry.

D.Regulationsshouldbesetatthenationallevel.

问题6选项

A.Setupcapitalmarketsforfunding.

B.Understandthecredithistoriesoftheclients.

C.Giveeveryoneauniversalidentificationnumber.

D.PermitMFIstoattractdeposits.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“yetthendustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial（然而，该行业因过于商业化而受到抨击）”,即可得出本题答案。

2.词义推测题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。第二段中提及印度的当地政府甚至叫停了小额信贷的业务。对比孟加拉，文中提及，微型金融机构可以收取27%的利率（theannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.）。在第三段，作者还论述了对于小额信贷降低利率的弊端有哪些（jeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.）。由此可知，政府试图限制小额贷款的利率，从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息定位至原文第三段。根据“becauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans（因为数以百万计的小额贷款的分期付款成本很高）”,即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段第二句，“Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.(限制人们小额信贷的后果是迫使穷人转向利率更高的高利贷借贷。)”从而得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry(合理的监管不必与繁荣的小额信贷行业相抵触)”,即可得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。定位最后一段，“giveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.”“allowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories”“allowMFIstotakedeposits”可知选项A的内容在文章中并未提及，从而得出本题答案。

5.单选题

Inthegloriouslyhotsummerofnineteenfourteen,themurderofAustria-HungarianArchduke(奥匈帝国大公)inanobscurepartoftheBalkansprovidedthesparkwhichsetEuropeablaze.

问题1选项

A.indistinct

B.unfriendly

C.imprecise

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.indistinct模糊不清的B.unfriendly不友好的，冷漠的

C.imprecise不确切的，不精确的D.unknown不出名的，无名的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】obscure的意思为“无名的，鲜为人知的”，用来修饰partoftheBalkans，指的是这个地方没有名字，非常偏僻，unknown与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】1914年炎炎夏日，在巴尔干半岛的一个偏僻地区，奥匈帝国大公被谋杀，为欧洲爆炸点燃了火花。

6.单选题

Theheadlightsoftheapproachingcarwereso（）thatthecyclisthadtostopriding.

问题1选项

A.gleaning

B.staring

C.gleaming

D.dazzling

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。gleaning"拾遗";staring"目不转睛的,凝视的";gleaming"闪烁的,闪闪发光的";dazzling"耀眼的,光彩夺目的"。句意：那辆驶来的汽车的前灯太耀眼，以致于骑自行车的人不得不停下来。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler（

）respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.

问题1选项

A.recites

B.confirms

C.quotes

D.convinces

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。

句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。

8.单选题

Childrenlearnalmostnothingfromtelevision,andthemoretheywatchthelesstheyremember.Theyregardtelevisionpurely（1）entertainment,resentprogramsthatput（2）onthemandaresurprisedthatanybodyshould（3）themediumseriously.Farfrombeingover-excitedbyprograms,theyaremildly（4）withthewholething.Thesearethemainconclusionsfromanewstudyofchildrenandtelevision.Theauthor,CardiacCullingford（5）thatthemodernchildisa（6）viewer.Thestudysuggeststhatthereislittle（7）inthelaterhours.All11-year-oldshavewatchedprogramsaftermidnight.

Apartfromtheobviouswasteoftime（8）,itseemsthatallthisviewinghaslittleeffect.Cullingfordsaysthatchildrencanrecallfewdetails.Theycanrememberexactlywhichprogramstheyhaveseenbuttheycan（9）explaintheelementsofaparticularplot.Recallwasin“（10）proportiontotheamounttheyhadwatched”.Itispreciselybecausetelevision,（11）ateacher,demandssolittleattentionandresponse（12）childrenlikeit,arguesCullingford.Programsseekingto（13）seriousmessagesarestronglydisliked.（14）peoplewhofrequentlytalkonscreen.Whatchildrenlikemostaretheadvertisements.Theyseethemasshortprograms（15）theirownrightandparticularlyenjoyhumorouspresentation.Butagain,they（16）stronglyagainsthigh-pressureadvertisementsthatattemptopenlyto（17）them.

Inaddition,childrenarenot（18）involvedintheprograms.Iftheyadmirethestars,itisbecausetheactorsleadglamorouslivesandearnalotofmoney,（19）theirfictionalskillswithfastcarsandshootingvillains.Childrenareperfectly（20）thefunctionsofadvertisements.AndsaysCullingford,educationaltelevisionisprobablyleastsuccessfulofallinimpartingattitudesorinformation.

问题1选项

A.for

B.as

C.like

D.at

问题2选项

A.reforms

B.comments

C.calls

D.demands

问题3选项

A.adjust

B.select

C.take

D.restrict

问题4选项

A.gratified

B.acquainted

C.infected

D.bored

问题5选项

A.conforms

B.confirms

C.confesses

D.refutes

问题6选项

A.dedicated

B.sincere

C.preoccupied

D.choosy

问题7选项

A.perfection

B.faith

C.intention

D.point

问题8选项

A.resolved

B.involved

C.revived

D.revolved

问题9选项

A.rarely

B.fairly

C.abundantly

D.fully

问题10选项

A.diverse

B.reverse

C.immerse

D.direct

问题11选项

A.dislike

B.like

C.unlike

D.unlikely

问题12选项

A.why

B.that

C.which

D.whether

问题13选项

A.putover

B.carryover

C.seeover

D.takeover

问题14选项

A.Thoseare

B.Soare

C.Theyare

D.Thereare

问题15选项

A.in

B.among

C.through

D.with

问题16选项

A.weigh

B.react

C.discriminate

D.proceed

问题17选项

A.influence

B.haveinfluenced

C.influenced

D.influencing

问题18选项

A.indifferently

B.emotionally

C.intellectually

D.facilely

问题19选项

A.mainlybecause

B.partlybecause

C.notbecause

D.notbecauseof

问题20选项

A.clearabout

B.clearup

C.clearaway

D.clearof

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。regard...as…意为“将……视为……”。原文指的是孩子们纯粹地将电视视为娱乐，选项B符合原文。

2.考查名词辨析。A选项reform“改革，改良”；B选项comment“评论，意见”；C选项call“拜访”；D选项demand“要求，需求”。根据句意“他们讨厌那些对他们提出要求的节目”，选项D符合语境。

3.考查固定搭配。takeseriously意为“重视，认真对待……”，原文指的是认真对待媒体。所以选项C符合语境。

4.考查形容词辨析。A选项gratified“满意的”；B选项acquainted“熟识的”；C选项infected“受感染的”；D选项bored“无聊的，烦人的”。根据前面的“over-excited”可知，后面应填入与之意思相反的词。句意“他们非但没有对节目过于兴奋，反而对整个节目有点厌烦。”选项D最符合语境。

5.考查动词辨析。A选项conform“遵守，符合”；B选项confirm“确认，证实”；C选项confess“承认，坦白，忏悔”；D选项refute“反驳”。结合上下文的语境可知，前面提出结论，作者CardiacCullingford加以证实，所以选项B符合语境。

6.考查上下文语义。根据本段的最后一句“所有11岁的孩子都在午夜之后看节目。”由此可推断，孩子们应该是专用的观众。A选项dedicated“专用的，专注的”；B选项sincere“真诚的”；C选项preoccupied“全神贯注的”；D选项choosy“挑剔的”。选项A符合语境，选项C用在此处不太恰当。

7.考查固定用法。Thereislittlepoint……意为“做某事没有多少意义”。所以选项D正确。

8.考查上下文语义。A选项resolved“解决，决定”；B选项involved“涉及，包含”；C选项revived“复活，再生”；D选项revolved“旋转”。根据句意“除了涉及到明显的时间浪费，收看电视等所有这些似乎没有什么影响。”选项B符合语境。

9.考查上下文语境。A选项rarely“很少地”；B选项fairly“相当地”；C选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；D选项fully“充分地”。根据上文Cullingford提及的“孩子们能回忆起的细节很少”可知，这里也应该是“很少能解释某个特定情节的元素”。所以选项A正确。

10.考查形容词辨析。A选项diverse“不同的，多样的”；B选项reverse“相反的，颠倒的”；C选项immerse“沉浸，陷入”；D选项direct“直接的”。结合上下文的内容可知，他们（孩子们）的回忆“与观看的数量成反比”，也就是前面所说的，看得越多，记得越少。所以选项B正确。

11.考查上下文语义。根据原文可知，这里是将电视和老师进行对比，说明电视不像老师那样，只需要很少的关注和回忆。所以选项C符合语境。

12.考查固定句型。so…that…意为“太……以至于……”，所以选项B正确。

13.考查词组辨析。A选项putover“说明，解释，被接受”；B选项carryover“继续存在”；C选项seeover“检查，察看”；D选项takeover“接管，接收”。根据句意可知，这里是指试图传递严肃信息的节目非常不受欢迎，也就是说，节目试图使严肃的信息被大家所接受，所以选项A符合语境。

14.考查so的用法。根据句意可知，这里指的是“经常在屏幕上讲话的人也是如此。”表示“……也一样，也是如此”用“so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”，所以选项B正确。

15.考查固定搭配。inone'sownright意为“本身”，所以选项A正确。

16.考查动词辨析。A选项weigh“权衡，考虑”；B选项react“作出反应”；C选项discriminate“歧视，辨别”；D选项proceed“开始，继续进行”。根据句意可知，他们应该是强烈反对那些影响他们的广告，reactagainst意为“反对，反抗”，选项B符合语境。

17.考查固定用法。attempttodo意为“尝试去做某事”，不定式to后面接动词原形，所以选项A正确。

18.考查副词辨析。A选项indifferently“冷淡地，漠不关心地”；B选项emotionally“令人激动地，情绪冲动地”；C选项intellectually“智力上，理智地”；D选项facilely“轻快地”。根据句意“他们（孩子们）并没有情绪激动地牵涉进这些节目中。”选项B符合语境。

19.考查because的用法。句意“他们羡慕明星，是因为演员们过着光鲜亮丽的生活，能赚很多钱，而不是因为他们拥有赛车和拍摄反派角色的虚构技能。”A选项mainlybecause“主要是因为”；B选项partlybecause“部分是因为”；C选项notbecause“不是因为”；D选项notbecauseof“不是因为”。选项C和选项D的区别在于，because后面接句子，becauseof后面接短语。填空处后面是短语而不是完整的句子，所以只能选D。

20.考查词组辨析。A选项clearabout“清楚，明白”；B选项clearup“整理，打扫”；C选项clearaway“清除，收拾，消失”；D选项clearof“清除，扫清”。根据句意“孩子们非常清楚广告的作用。”选项A符合语境。

9.单选题

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项provided“假如，倘若”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项though“尽管”；D选项until“直到”。根据句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火车，那么你可以早点到达伦敦开会。后者是前者的条件，所以填入表示条件的连词provided,选项A正确。

10.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electri-callychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelec-tricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue，irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpabout

unaccountably.ThishasledtheU.S.GeographicalSurveytofundanetwork,ofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/posi-tiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectson

themselves,oronothers，ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherde-pendingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Accordingtothepassage,somescientistsbelievethat（）

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theybecomeratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madegoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingoncarpets

D.cleaningcomputerscreens

问题3选项

A.nearaparkinglot

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans.

D.Vacuumpumps.

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbeexplained

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquakecannotbepredicted

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。第二段指出：Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.因此，B项“人会变得易怒”正确。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词“staticelectricity”定位至第一段：Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens（也可能是由于室内地毯或人造纤维制成的衣服或电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚所致）。因此C选项“在地毯上行走”是静电产生的原因之一。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词“negativeion”定位至第三段：Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray（产生这些大量负离子的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或喷泉，或在喷洒水的任何地方，或形成喷雾剂）,因此D项“通过旋转洒水车”正确。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词“negativeionsindoors”定位至最后一段：Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers.由此可知，ionizers（离子发生器）可以制造室内负离子。A项正确。

5.细节题。最后一段指出：Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat（依靠地震知识预测地震是否比观察猫更有效还存在争议）,因此A项正确。

11.单选题

Mymotherwouldratherputhonestyfirstinher（

）ofvalues,whichisimportantforourgrowth.

问题1选项

A.inventory

B.hierarchy

C.observation

D.identification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。inventory“存货”；hierarchy“层级，等级”；observation“观察”；identification“识别，鉴别”。句意为：我的母亲宁可将诚实放在其价值观体系的首位，这对于我们的成长很重要。选项B符合句意。

12.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInnovationConsciou