考研考博-英语-华东交通大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东交通大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。spontaneously“自发地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心经营地”。句意：两个独立工作的科学家几乎同时发明了相同的东西，这让政府部门很难决定将专利权授予谁。由后半句句意可知只有B项符合句意，即只有这两个独立工作的科学家同时发明了相同的东西时，政府才会难以抉择。答案B

2.翻译题

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美国两位著名的神经科学家于本周三称，积极的生活方式，健康的、富含鱼类的饮食不仅对心脏有好处，还有助于解决因年老而导致的记忆丧失问题。

都柏林三一学院神经科学研究所主任伊恩•罗伯逊教授说，随着人类的寿命越来越长，寻找能够阻止人类思维敏捷度下降的方法正变得越来越重要。

他告诉记者：“对身体机能正常运转的最大威胁是我们的大脑。”

他说：“有强有力的证据表明，一个人能否保持良好的智力水平取决于一些非常简单的环境因素，对那些50岁以上的人来说尤其如此。”

那些身体健康、能避免高压力、享受丰富多彩的社交生活的人，在他们上了年纪后，头脑会更清醒。精神刺激、学习新事物和保持年轻的心态也有帮助。

3.单选题

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthelocaltroopsistomakesurethatallshipsobedientlyfollowtrafficsrulesinbusyharbors.

问题1选项

A.currently

B.intricately

C.dutifully

D.distinctly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词obediently意为“顺从地；服从地；忠顺地”；A选项“currently”意为“当前；一般地”；B选项“intricately”意为“杂乱地；复杂地”；C选项“dutifully”意为“忠实地；尽责地，忠诚地”；D选项“distinctly”意为“明显地；无疑地，确实地”。句意：当地军队的责任之一是确保所有船只在繁忙的港口顺从地遵守交通规则。由题干可知，followtrafficsrules（遵守交通规则），所以军队应该是确保船只忠实、顺从地遵循交通规则，以免出现混乱。由此可知，obediently在此处最可能是“顺从地”的意思，四个选项中dutifully具有“忠实地”的意思，与此相近。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Schoolstartedona（

）colddayinFebruary.

问题1选项

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词、副词词义辨析。severe“严厉的”；bitter“严寒刺骨地”；such“这样的”；frozen“冻结的”。句意：在二月份极度寒冷的一天开学了。选项B符合题意。

5.填空题

Duringthepasttenorfifteenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeen（1）to“tellingitlikeitis,”“or“lettingitallhangout.”Myimpressionisthatthisoverzealousdevotiontospeakingone’smindhasmoreoftenledtohurtfeelingsandruinedrelationshipsthantogreatjoyandfulfillment.

Ithinkwegenerallyagreethatneverexpressingrealfeelingsandrepressingallless-than-lovelythoughtsabouteachother

（2）

leadstoconstructivecommunication.It’sagreatrelieftoallowourselvestheluxuryofacknowledgingourhumanfrailtiesandpursuingmorehonestrelationshipswithothers.Butweneedtostrikea

（3）

betweentellingitallandtellingnothing.

RecentlyIreceivedaletterfromamotherwhohadbeenpersuadedbyhertroubledtwenty-five-year-oldsontoattendaweekendmarathonwithhim.Underpressurefromthegroup,herdefensescollapsedandsheheardherselftellinghersonforthefirsttimethathehadbeenanaccident—thatshehadn’tbeenplanningtohaveachild.Hein

（4）

toldherthathecouldn’trecallasingledayinhischildhoodthathe’dbeenhappy.

“Atthattime,”thiswomanwrote，“itseemedhelpful.Wecriedandwemade

（5）

;Ithoughttellingthetruthhadbeengoodforus.Butthetroubleis,itwasn’tthewholetruth.BythetimeTommywasbornIdidwanthim,andat

（6）

hewashappy.Eversincethatday,we’vebothbeenhauntedbysometerriblefeelingsweshared.”ImustadmitthatI’vecometotheconclusionthatsomethingsarebetterleftunsaid.Honestyisafinepolicyas

（7）

asweknowwhatthetruthreallyis—butmostofthetimewedon’t.It’safinegoaltoencouragechildrentoexpresstheirrealfeelings.Andmanymarriageshavebeensavedbyanopenconfrontationofdeepandpainfulmisunderstandings.Butweneedanewsenseofbalance.Disclosureisnotapanaceaforeveryproblem

（8）

evenanendinitself.It’susefulandfreeingundersomecircumstancesandterriblyhurtfulanddamagingunderothers.

It’sagoodidea,Ithink,to

（9）

yourtonguefortenorfifteenminutesbeforesayingwhat’s

（10）

yourmind.Trytodecidewhetherit’sgoingtoopenupnewandbetteravenuesofcommunicationorleavewoundsthatmayneverheal.

【答案】1.考查固定搭配。attention一般与give相搭配，此处表示被动，用被动语态given。

试题答案：given

2.考查上下文语义。此处表示从不表达真实的感情很取得有效的沟通，故用否定形式hardly，意为“几乎不”。

试题答案：hardly

3.考查上下文语义。此句意为：但我们需要在说出这一切和什么都不说之间取得平衡。strikeabalance意为“达成平衡，调和折衷”。

试题答案：balance

4.考查介词搭配。inturn意为“反过来”。

试题答案：turn

5.考查固定搭配。makeup意为“和解，和好”。

试题答案：up

6.考查固定搭配。attimes意为“有时”。

试题答案：times

7.考查固定搭配。aslongas意为“只要”。

试题答案：long

8.考查固定搭配。nor意为“也不”，not...nor意为“不……也不”，表示否定两者。

试题答案：nor

9.考查固定搭配。biteone’stongue意为“忍住不说话”。

试题答案：bite

10.考查固定搭配。onone’smind意为“使人担心，惦记”。

试题答案：on

6.单选题

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.

2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

B.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

C.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

D.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

问题2选项

A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

B.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

C.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

D.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

问题3选项

A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

B.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

C.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

D.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

问题4选项

A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

B.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

C.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

D.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理学家认为，处方特权会给他们带来更大的经济回报。”可知一些心理医生更希望获得处方权是因为这能给他们带来更多的钱财报酬。之后作者用数据论证该论点。答案C

第2题:细节事实题。“Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理学家开始开药，许多寻求替代治疗的患者可能会转向社会工作者或其他非医疗治疗师。”可知D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。从第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.当人们选择精神药物学治疗时，护理标准更清晰，身体伤害的可能性更大，从而使原告更容易证明他们的指控。根据各州的情况，精神科医疗事故的发生率比精神科医疗事故的覆盖率高24倍。”可知当心理学家获得处方权，即成为精神药物学家时，医疗事故的指控会增多，因为人们更容易找到由于护理不当对身体造成的伤害的控诉证据。故C项正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段提到了如果心理医生获得开处方的权利，那么将会对这种职业产生深远影响，并且指出大部分人喜欢传统的心理疗法，而非药物治疗。第三段提到了药物治疗的好处，最后一段提到了药物治疗的弊端即造成医疗事故的控诉不断增多。故作者认为药物治疗是存在争议的。B项正确。ACD三项在文中都未提及。

7.单选题

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

问题1选项

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

问题2选项

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

问题3选项

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

问题4选项

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

问题5选项

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

问题6选项

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

问题7选项

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”猎人和他的家人经常几天吃不到肉,说明这些动物都躲着猎人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；选项C正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,饲养植物和驯养动物的启示是人类文明的重要步骤之一,并没有说明人类进入了文明社会,所以选项D不正确；农业本身并没有创造文明,但是如果没有农业,人类不可能在一个地方定居足够长的时间来建立一个永久的家园。也就是说,有了农业,人不必再过游牧生活。选项A正确。

3.根据原文可知,选项B在文中没有提及；选项C和D是文中已知的信息；根据第五段的内容可知,人们从他们的经验中掌握了种植农作物的方法。所以选项A正确。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”随着农业的发现,人类停止了动物般的存在,开始建立文明的基础。选项B符合原文。

5.根据第二段的倒数第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”当某一地区的野味和植物供应被耗尽时,整个部落被迫迁移到一个新的、有希望成为更好的地区。选项C符合原文。

6.根据第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人类学家不确定人类何时或如何学会耕种。他们认为这可能是偶然观察的结果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜测,所以选项B正确。

7.根据最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”随着农业的发现,人类停止了动物般的存在,开始建立文明的基础。选项D符合原文。

8.单选题

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

问题1选项

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。句子结构完整，所以空格处应该是做修饰的成分。A项as引导方式状语，表示“按照……”，B项本身不符合语法结构；C项不应再出现谓语动词was；D项that在引导一个缺成分的从句，不符合语法结构。句意：托马斯•潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不讳地说出他所理解的真相。故正确答案为A。

9.单选题

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

问题1选项

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项species“物种”；B选项specimen“样品，标本”；C选项spectrum“光谱”；D选项sample“样本”。句意：游客说这种动物是他以前从未见过的物种。选项A符合句意。

10.填空题

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget（1）forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore，inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise（2）thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople，forinstancecannotcount（3）anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto（4）theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop（5）somenecessaryitems，suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup，inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes（6），too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith（7）prices，thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame（8）ofmoney，buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom（9）therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100，andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes（10）possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods，forexample，withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的前一句解释了什么是通货膨胀：消费需求增加，物价上涨，从而货币贬值。用同样的钱买到的东西比以前要少，所以空格处填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介词in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望，依靠”，退休人员指望不上收入能够随着物价上涨而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“满足某人的需要”，老年人在通货膨胀的时代无法让自己的收入来满足自己的需求。

5.考查动词用法。空格处所在句子的前一句句意是：许多退休人员为了跟上上涨的物价，必须要缩减自己的开支。由此可知他们放弃了很多需要购买的东西，buying符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通货膨胀，导致了生活开支水平下降。

7.考查前后逻辑。全文一直提到物价上涨，空格处需要填写的也是一个表示物价增长的词，rising符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等数量的”。

9.考查定语从句。定语从句用来修饰priceindexes（价格指数），which符合题意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成为可能”。

11.单选题

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到处走动)insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

问题2选项

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

问题3选项

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

问题4选项

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

问题5选项

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上万种不同的动物中，人类已经学会了与大量的动物交朋友。），可知人类和许多动物关系密切，随后举出具体的例子，D选项“人与许多动物建立了密切的关系”正确。A选项“在某些地区，驴似乎是一种非常有用的牲畜”，B选项“除非被驯化，否则动物是无用的”和C选项“世界上有成千上万种动物”不是表达的重点。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他们指望主人满足他们的需要，只要主人满足了他们的需要，他们就满足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的满足放在主人身上，如果不被满足，就不会服从主人，C选项“拒绝服从主人”正确，B选项“寻找食物”错误。A选项“要求它的主人给一些食物”：动物不会表达明确的要求，故错误。D选项“很快病倒”：根据第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的残羹剩饭来喂宠物狗或猫，然后又想知道为什么这些动物看起来无精打采。），可知缺乏营养不会让动物马上病倒，而是没有精神。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的极地地区，而萨卢基则生活在中非最热的地区。），哈士奇和萨卢基分别可以在极寒和极热的地方生活，可以说明狗对环境的适应力很强，但不能说明它们是最强壮的狗，A选项“地球上生活着各种品种的狗”和D选项“他们对环境有很大的适应能力”符合文章内容，B选项“哈士奇和萨卢基是世界上已知的最强壮的品种”不符合文章内容。C选项“他们可以充当人类的朋友、守卫和仆人”：根据第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是宠物，给他陪伴，有些给他保护，有些做人类自己不能做的艰苦工作。），分别对应朋友、守卫和仆人的角色，符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要适当进食。），随后具体地说明如何适当进食，D选项“注意适当喂养”正确。A选项“不允许它进行过量的运动”：文中没有提到。B选项“加入宠物饲养组织”：根据第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的动物可以得到各种各样的药物和治疗，在一些国家有组织免费或低价提供。），可知这主要是针对治病，而不是保持身体健康。C选项“毫不犹豫地花大量的钱来照顾”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（这些有用、友好、勤劳的动物值得为它们的健康花费一些时间、金钱和注意力。），这里指花费一些金钱而不是大量。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出人类需要家养动物，第二段讲家养动物需要人类获取住所和食物，第三段和第四段讲如何照顾家养动物，综合来看，C选项“家养动物——人类最好的朋友”正确。A选项“饲养家畜的优点”和B选项“养宠物的一些建议”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。D选项“正确的饮食——通往健康之路”：文章不是讲饮食，而是家养动物。因此C选项正确。

12.翻译题

Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Theman,who,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

【答案】参考译文：

一个人的存在应该像一条河流——开始是涓涓细流，被限制在狭窄的河岸之间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。渐渐地，河面变宽了，河岸也远去，河水流动得更加平静。最后，它没有间断地融入了大海，而后便毫无痛苦地消失了自我。能够这样理解自己一生的老人，就不会因害怕死亡而痛苦，因为他所珍爱的一切都会继续存在下去。而且，随着精力的衰退，倦意的增加，长眠的想法并不是不受欢迎的。我希望死于尚能劳作之时，知道别人会继续我未竟的事业，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到满足。

13.写作题

Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakesomecoursesoutsidehisorherfieldofstudybecauseacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducated.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Universityissuchaplacewhereonecangetknowledgeneededinlife.Afterenteringuniversity,everystudentisaskedtochooseaspecificmajor,andthenstudycourseswithintherestrictedfield.However,ifastudentwantstobetrulyeducated,heshouldtakesomecoursesoutsidehisfieldofstudyforacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducat