2019高三高考英语二轮复习专题训练阅读理解及解析(科普类)03Word含解斩

2021高三高考英语二轮复习专题训练阅读理解及分析(科普类)03Word版含解斩2021高三高考英语二轮复习专题训练阅读理解及分析(科普类)03Word版含解斩2021高三高考英语二轮复习专题训练阅读理解及分析(科普类)03Word版含解斩阅读理解〔科普类〕03六、Mostdamagingly,angerweakensaperson'sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhisbehaviour.Theangrypersonlosesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceofthepersonorsituationthatarouseshisanger.specificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicalandcultaralforces.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(决战)asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson'sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.Angercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectricalactivitychanges.UndermostconditionsEEG(脑电图)measuresofelectricalactivityshowbalancedactivitybetweentherightandleftprefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourallythiscorrespondstothegeneraleven-handeddisposition〔意愿〕thatmostofuspossessmostofthetime.ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalancedand.asaresultofthis,we'relikelytoreact.Andourbehaviouralresponsetoangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions,whetherpositiveornegative.Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare.themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不对称)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsitaation.61.The"duels"exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofanger.A.usuallyhasabiologicalbasisB.variesamongpeopleC.issociallyandculturallyshapedD.influencesone'sthinkingandevaluation62.Whatchangescanbefoundinanangrybrain?A.Balancedelectricalactivitycanbespotted.B.Unbalancedpatternsarefoundinprefrontalareas.C.Electricalactivitycorrespondstoone'sbehaviour.D.Electricalactivityagreeswithone'sdisposition.63.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofoffensiveanger?A.Approachingthesourceofanger.B.Tryingtocontrolwhatisdisliked.C.Movingawayfromwhatisdisliked.D.Feelinghelplessinthefaceofanger.64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.【考点】观察科普知识类阅读【文章粗心】本文介绍了一些与生气相关的表现以及医学原理和人们生气的时候表现出的行为模式。61.【答案】C推理题。依据文章第二段Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.在今世社会里，生气的肢体表现被以为是对社会有损害而不可以被容忍。但是在古代却又着决战这样的行为，说明生气的表现形式是由不同样的社会和文化形成的。故C正确。62.【答案】B细节题。依据第三段3,4行ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalanced可知当我们生气的时候，脑电图在额叶前部会出现不均衡的现象。故B正确。63.【答案】A细节题。依据文章第四段3,4,5行Theangrierweare.themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.可知当我们生气的时候，我们很可能凑近让我们生气的对象。这是典型的offensiveanger的表现。故A正确。64.【答案】D段落粗心题。依据本段1,2行Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour及Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour中的approachbehaviour和avoidancebehaviour可知本段表达的是生气的时候，人们表现出的行为模式。故D正确。七、Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops〔笔录本电脑〕.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility〔清楚度〕.Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlesslyby〞takingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.Inthefirstexperiment,studentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnote-takingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalk,theywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.Theresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhand.However,thetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers’reportsaid,“Whilemorenotesarcbeneficial,ifthenotesaretakenmindlessly,asismorelikelythecaseonalaptop,thebenefitdisappears.〞Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemory,studentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecture.Thistime,thestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarcnotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.21.Moreandmorestudentsfavorlaptopsfornote-takingbecausetheycan.A.writemorenotesB.digestconceptsbetterC.gethigherscoresD.understandlecturesbetter22.Whiletakingnotes,laptopuserstendtobe.A.skillfulB.mindlessC.thoughtfulD.tireless23.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto__.A.examinetheimportanceoflong-termmemoryB.stressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandC.explaintheprocessoftakingnotesD.promotetheuseoflaptops24.Thepassageislikelytoappearin.A.anewspaperadvertisementB.acomputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.afinancereport【考点】观察科普知识类阅读【文章粗心】作者在本文中表达了一次实验:使用笔录本电脑记笔录和手动记笔录的学生进行对比。结果发现手动记笔录的学生表现更好，告诉我们需要进行手动记笔录，而不是使用电脑。21.【答案】A【试题分析】细节题。依据文章第二段第一句Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility〔清楚度〕.可知学生愈来愈多使用电脑记笔录是由于速度和清楚度。也就是说使用笔录本电脑记笔录速度更快，可以记录更多的内容。故A正确。22.【答案】B【试题分析】推理题。依据第三段Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlessly〞bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.研究人们做实验是为了发现使用笔录本电脑记笔录能否会让人处于一种没心识的状态之中，但是机械地输入。而实验结果说明用笔录本记录的学生表现不如使用钢笔录录的人。说明使用笔录本记录的确会让人有mindless的感觉。故B正确。23.【答案】B【试题分析】推理题。依据文章最后一段Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarcnotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.可知手动记笔录关于短期长久记忆都有利处，也就说本文重申我们需要进行手动记笔录，而不是使用电脑。故B正确。24.【答案】C【试题分析】推理题。本文经过表达一个实验结论告诉我们手动记笔录关于短期长久记忆都有好处，学生的表现比使用电脑记笔录更好。不会是广告，电脑教科书也不会是金融报告，这属于教学类的科学研究。故C正确。【长难句分析】1.Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops。【翻译】一项新的研究显示上课时手动写笔录的学生在考试中要比使用笔录本电脑的学生表现更好。【分析】本句中动词show后边宾语从句的指引词that被省略了，这个宾语从句中含有定语从句whowritenotesbyhandduringlectures修饰students；其余一个定语从句whouselaptops修饰those。2.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.【翻译】这两个使用都说明手动写笔录不只关于即时学习和理解有利处，并且会致使将来的表现更好。【分析】本句中的动词suggest表示“说明，表示〞，其实不是“建议〞；其余句中的宾语从句thathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.较长，谓语局部是有notonly⋯butalso连结⋯。八、Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarccompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit〞.Nitrogen〔氮〕andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi〔真菌〕networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons〔神经元〕inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees〞,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees〞withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties〞orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeewearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeoitf.〞Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.〞Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.29.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue〞inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees_________.forsurvivaltheirownwealthC.dependoneachotherrovidesupportfordyingtrees30.“Mothertrees〞areextremelyimportantbecausethey.A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforestonnutritiontoyoungtreesC.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumansD.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties〞31.Theunderlinedword“it〞inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.how“treesocieties〞workB.howtreesgrowoldC.howforestryindustrydevelopsD.howyoungtreessurvive32.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?TreesCommunicateLikeHumansTreesAreInNeedOfProtectionC.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThartYouThinkContributeToOurSociety【考点】观察科普知识类阅读【文章粗心】本文主要表达了森立的树木会经过“treesocieties把〞自己的财产交给下一代。并详细说了然这一发现的详细内容。29.【答案】C【试题分析】推理题。依据本句AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarccompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:可知达尔文以为树是