2017年中考英语语法专题及参考答案解析详解三

2017年中考英语语法专题及参考答案解析详解三

介词、连词

一.介词

1.介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。

2.常用介词的意义和用法。

⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：

表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;

表示地点时,in表示在某个范围之内,on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：

HewasbornonthenightofMay10th.

Iusuallygetupat7：00inthemorning.

Hisglassesareonthedesk.

Mybrotherisatthebusstop.

⑵after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在...时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：

Hesaidthathewouldcomebackafter6：00.

MyfatheriscomingbackfromAstraliainaboutamonth.

⑶since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从...起一直到现在”,“for+(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”,都常用于完成时态;如：

Myfatherhasworkedinthisfactorysince1970.

Myfatherhasworkedinthisfactoryforover30years.

⑷by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以......方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：

Wewritewithourhandsandwalkwithourfeet.

PleasespeakinEnglish.

Let’sgotothezoobybus.

ItwasinventedbyAdison.

⑸about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关...”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关...(专题/课程)”。如：

TomisgoingtogiveaspeechonthehistoryofChina.

TheyaretalkingabouttheEnglishtest.

⑹through与across、over的用法区别：through指“穿过...(门洞/人群/树林)”;across和over可以指“跨越...(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过...”时只能用over.如：

Justthenakangaroo(鼠)ranacrosstheroad.(就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面)

Thereisabridgeacross/overtheriver.(河上有座桥)

Theyclimbedoverthemountainandarrivedthere(他们翻过大山到达了那里)/

Thevisitorswentthroughabiggateintoanotherpark.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)

(7)as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像......”,但是as译为“作为......”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像......一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如：

Letmespeaktoyouasateacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲话。)

Letmespeaktoyoulikeateacher.(让我像一位老师一样和你讲话)

(8)infrontof与inthefrontof：infrontof“在...的前面”,与inthefrontof“在...的前部”。如：

Agroupofpeoplewasstandinginfrontofthehall.

Inthefrontofthehallstoodagroupofpeople.

(12)except与besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅......又......”。如：

EveryonewenttotheparkexceptTom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公园)(Tom没有去公园)/

Besidesmathshealsostudiedmanyothersubjects.(除了数学之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“数学”也是他学的功课之一)

连词

1.连词概述：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词，短语或句子，但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质，可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如：and，but，or，for等，它们即可连接单词，短语，又可连接句子。从属连词如：when，before，because等，它们主要引导名词性从句。

2.常见连词的用法：

1)并列连词的用法：并列连词有：and,but,or,nor,so,foryet,however,aswellas,both...and,notonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor,still,

And：连接单词短语句子。如：TomandIstudyinthesameschool.

But,or：Ihaveapenbutnopencil./Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?

Nothingbut除了，只有：Ididnothingbutwatchit.

Or表示否则：如：Hurryuporyouwillmissthetrain.

for表示后面的句子是原因。如：Heisgoodatpianoforhepracticesharderthanothers.

Notonly...butalso不仅...而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时，谓语要就近一致。如:NotonlyhebutalsoIamanurse.

Aswellas以及，同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化.如：Heworksaswellashecan

Either...or既...又...，或...或...，并列主、谓、宾、表及状语，如：Eithercomeinorgoout.

Neither...nor既不...也不，并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致。如：Neitheryounorheislazy.

Both...and和，既...也，并列主、谓、宾及表语。IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrench.

nor也不，引导句子要倒装。如：Hecannotplaythepiano,norcanI.

so因此，所以，不和because连用。如：Youlikeswimming,sodoI.

1)从属连词的用法：从属连词有：after,when,before,as,while,since,until,till,if,unless,because,than,that,whether,sothat

after表示“时间”，在...之后。如：AfterIfinishedtheschool,Ibecameaworkerinthefactory.

Although/though表示让步，“尽管”。如：Althoughsheisyoung,sheknowsalot.

as表示时间，“当...时”，方式“象...”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然”。如：Asitwasrainy,wecouldn’tgooutnow.

Asif/asthough表方式，“似乎、好像”。如：Hetoldussuchastoryasthoughhehadbeentherebefore.

Aslongas/solongas表条件，“只要”。如：AslongasIamhere,I’llgotohelpyou.

Assoonas表时间，“一...就...”。如：IwillcallyouassoonasIcomeback.

because表原因，“因为”。如：IhavetopracticemorebecauseIamnotgoodatEnglish.

before表时间，“在...之前’’。如：Youshouldthinkmorebeforeyoudoit.

Evenif/eventhough表让步，“即使”。如：Youshouldtryagainevenifyoufailed.

Hardly...when表时间，“(刚)一...就”。如：HardlyIenteredthegatewhenthebellrang.

if“假如”，引导条件状语从句。如：Wewillstayathomeiftheraindoesn’tstop.

“是否”，引导宾语从句。如;Idon’tknowifhegoesshopping.

Inorderthat表目的，“为了，以便”。如：Westudyhardinorderthatwecanpasstheexam.

Nomatter+疑问词表让步，“无论，不管”。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youshouldtryyourbest.

Nosooner...than表时间，“刚一...就...”。如：NosoonerhadIcomehomethanitbegantorain.

once表时间，“一旦...”。如：Onceyoureadthisbook,you’llneverforgetit.

since表时间，“自从...以来”.如：Hehasbeeninthiscitysinceheleftschool.

表原因，“既然，由于”。如:Sincethejobisdangerous,let’sdoitmorecarefully.

sofaras/asfaras表条件，“就...而言，就...而论”.如：AsfarasIknow,itiseasyforyoutospeakinEnglish.

Sothat表目的，“以便”。如：Speakloudsothateverybodycanhearclearly.

So...that表结果“如此,以致”。如：Hegotupsoearlythathecaughttheearlybus.

than表示比较，“比”。如：Thingswereworsethanwethought.

unless表条件，“除非，如果不”。如：Youwillfailinthetestunlessyoustudyhard.

Until/till表时间，“直到...为止”。如：I’llwaittillmymothercomesback.

when表时间，“当...时’’。如：Whentheygotthere,thetrainhasleft.

whether“是否”引导名词性从句。如：Whetherhecancometoseeusisunknown.

表让步，“不管/无论、是否”。如：Whethersheisrichorpoor,sheisalwayshappy.

while表时间，“当...时”。如：WhilehewasinBeijing,hevisitedtheGreatWall.

whenever表时间，“无论什么时候”。如：Wheneveryoumeetanytrouble,tellmeatonce.

实战演练(2_______50)

1.----Howoldareyou?

----I’mfifteen.Iwasborn________1990.

A.inB.atC.on

2.Istudyforatest_________workingwithagroup.

A.inB.byC.at

3.Atsunami(海啸)happenedinsomesouthernAsiancountries________December,2004.

A.atB.onC.in

4.Tim’smumisworried_______herson’sstudyasheplayscomputergamestoomuch.

A.forB.aboutC.with

5.Weshouldreturnthebookstothelibrary______time.

A.aboutB.onC.by

6.________yourhelp,mymathshasimprovedalot.

A.WithB.WithoutC.Under

7.Athiefstolemywallet_______thenightofMay1st.

A.atB.inC.on

8.Jamesislooking________hiscateverywhere.Haveyouseenit?

A.likeB.atC.for

9.It’snotalwaysnecessarytolookupthewords________thedictionarywhilereading.Sometimesweneedtoguess.

A.onB.inC.at

10.Zhangjiajieisfamous_______itsbeautifulmountains.

A.fromB.atC.for

11.Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.

A.on;onB.at;onC.in;in

12.Theplaneisstarting___fiveminutes.

A.inB.atC.for

13.Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jimsright.

A.on;onB.in;atC.in;on

14.Shanghaiis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.

A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;to

15.1likericedumplings____meat____them.

A.in;onB.with;onC.with;in

16.Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.

A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;from

17.Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.

A.on;onB.at;inC.on;in

18.ThiskindofTVismade____China..

A.inB.fromC.at

19.Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.

A.inB.onC.at

20.Dontread____thesun.Itsbad___youreyes.

A.in;toB.under;forC.with;to

21.Someplanesareflying___thecity.

A.throughB.over,C.on,

22.Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.

A.without;alongB.with;throughC.nextto;pass

23.Theriverruns____thecity.

A.crossB.throughC.over

24.Myunclelives____56ChanganStreet.

A.onB.ofC.at

25.Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.

A.for;inB.on;atC.for;at

26.Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?

A.forB.inC.between

27.Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.

A.toB.forC.around

28.Nobodyknewit____me.

A.exceptB.besideC.besides

29.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.

A.withoutB.besideC.besides

30.---Canyouplayfootball?

---Yes,Ican,______Icantplayitverywell.

A.orB.andC.but

31.Thereissomethingwrong___mybike.

A.atB.inC.with

32.-Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.

-Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.

A.byB.withC.at

33.Dontlaugh____him,everyonewillmakemistakes.

A.atB.toC.about

34.Whatdidyouhave___breakfast?

A.atB.asC.forD.about

35.HecanspeakEnglish_______Chinese.

A.butB.alsoC.and

36.Physicsisnotsoeasy,_______Ilikeitverymuch.

A.butB.orC.since

37.WillTomwaitforherathome______atthelibrary?

A.orB.asC.sothat

38.Illgiveherthegift______Maryarrives.

A.soB.beforeC.assoonas

39.Thewomanwas____angry_____shecouldntsayanything.

A.neither...norB.either...orC.so...that

40.Icantsleepwellatnight,______Ioftenfeelsleepyintheday.

A.soB.becauseC.and

41.Studyhard,______youwillfallbehind.

A.andB.butC.or

42._________John_______Iarepolicemen.

A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...and

43.Hedidntgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.

A.tillB.beforeC.until

44.Waitformeintheroom__