2022年初中英语句：比较句型分类与应用

2022年初中英语句：比较句型分类与应用

等比句

句型［主语（主体）+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］

1.HeisastallasI(am).2.Thiswindowisjustaswideasthatone.

3.Thisisjustasgoodanexampleastheother.4.DoesJohnworkashardasHenry?

5.Wehaveaccomplishedasmuchinthepastthreeyearsaswouldhavetakentenyearsinthepast.

[注]如果形容词后有一个单数可数名词,不定冠词应置于名词之前形容词后,如：HeisaspooraspeakerasI.

句型［主语+谓语+nomore形容词//副词（或no+形容词/副词比较级）+than+被比对象］

1.Sheisnolessdiligentthanhereldersister.2.Oneminutetoolateisnomoreintimethanhalfanhour.

3.ThefoodontheshipwasnobetterthanonanyothershiponwhichBillyhadsailed.

4.Wetoohaveaheadandtwohandsandarenostupiderthanothers.

5.Chinaswomen,nolessthanmen,areparticipatinginallkindsofworkinthesocialistconstructionoftheircountry.

[注]如果两个主语相比，谓语动词应与前一个保持一致关系。如：Henolessthanyouis(不是are)diligent.

[附注]表示等比的还有以下一些方式：

1)“...beequalto+被比对象”如：Adingledayisequaltotwentyyears.Instrength,heisequaltome.

2)“...beworth+被比对象”如：Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush

3)用其他词语表达：Threeearlymorningswillmakeaday.OnlyheinourclasscancopewithyouinknowledgeofEnglish.

差比句句型［主语+谓语+形容词比较级/副词比较级+(名词)+than+被比对象］

1.Toomuchhelpissometimesworsethannohelp.

2.Factsspeaklouderthaneloquence.(Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.)

3.Ourroomisalittlelargerthantheirsandithasmorefurnitureinit.

4.Lightdoesnottravelatthesamespeedthroughallmaterials;itgoesslowerthroughsomethanthroughothers.

[注]这种形容词组合还可以作定语，置于名词之后。如：Itfeedsonwormsandotherfishsmallerthanitself.

句型［主语+谓语+more/less+形容词原级/副词+than+被比对象］

1.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.

2.Heismoreattentiveinclassnowthanhewaslastterm.

3.Itslesscoldthanitwasyesterday.

4.Heworksmoreregularlythanyoudo.

5.Theneweditionislessexpensivethantheoldone.

[注1]使用比较级要注意两点：

1)不要使用双重比较级，如：(误)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmorestrongerthanhe.

(正)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmuchstrongerthanhe.Hisyoungerbrotherwasstrongerthanhe.

2)不要使用无比较对象的孤立的比较级。如：(误)Wesawmanysmallerhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.

(正)Wesawmanysmallhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.

(正)Wesawmanyhousessmallerthanusualonbothsidesoftheriver.

[注2]比较级前可加一些增强语气的词，如：much,even,still,alittle(bit),slightly,far,any,no,alot等。

Myroomisalittle(bit)smallerthanhers.Eighteenismuchlessthaneighty.

[注3]如果表示“因...而更...”可用句型the+比较级+for(或because,as等词)，

如：Ilikehimallthebetterforhisfaults.Idonotlikehimthelessbecausehehasfaults.

Heisnonethehappierforhiswealth.Agoodtaleisnonetheworseforbeingtwicetold.

句型［主语+谓语+notso/notas+形容词原级/副词+as+被比对象］

1.Tomisnotsotallashisbrother.(Tomislesstallthanhisbrother.)

2.Mr.Greenisnotsooldashelooks.3.Itisntascoldasitwasyesterday.

4.JohndoesntworksohardasHenry.

5.Dawneyansweredslowly:“Neversohappyaswhenmyhandsarefull.

句型［主语+谓语+以or结尾的形容词比较级+to+被比对象］

1.Hisstrengthissuperiorto(=greaterthan)mine.2.Myknowledgeisinferiorto(=lessthan)his.

3.Isyourfatherseniortomine?Myfatherisjuniortoyours.

4.HisarrivalinNewYorkisposteriortothatofmyfriend.

5.Coloredpeoplearebynomeansinferiortowhitepeople.

句型［被比对象(第一分句暗示某种程度)+主体(第二分句含比较级)］

1.Icaughtthelastbusfromtown;butHarrycamehomeevenlater.(HecamehomelaterthanI.)

2.TheLongMarchisgreat,buttheNewLongMarchwillbegreater,andmorearduous.

3.Dearasarefatherandmother,themotherlandisstilldearer.

4.Oneofmysuitcasesissmall,andtheotheroneismedium.

句型［主语+谓语+absolutesuperiorityover+被比对象］

[主语+谓语+above/nextto+被比对象][主语+cantcomparewith+被比对象]

1.Thesocialistsystemhasdemonstratedabsolutesuperiorityoverthecapitalistone.

2.Thepriceofwisdomisaboverubies.3.Welovetruthaboveeverythingelse.

4.Aslongasmenlive,waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

5.NexttotheYangtze,theYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinourcountry.

6.Itisworthnexttonothing.7.HowcouldNapoleoncomparewithLenin?

8.Thesituationoftheenemycannotcomparewithours.

[附注]关于等差句有以下几点需要注意：

1)句型16”nottospeakof“等词组也可用以表示差比,如:Evenaworm,whentroddenon,willturn,nottospeakofamanoutraged.

2)former,latter,elder等形容词,词尾虽然是比较级形式,但它们永远不用于比较句中,也不能跟than,如：Hewillcomehereinthelatterpartofyear.

3)等差既可以指出相差的数目,(用by+数词表示)也可以指出相差的范围,如:of+名词,withregardto,inpointof,withrespectto,withreferenceto,withrelationto,inthesphereof,inthefieldof等等。例句:Sheisthemorepatientofthetwo.Inpointofcommerce,ShanghaiismoreprosperousthanNanjing.Withreferencetoterritory,ChinaislargerthanAmerica.

4)有些语句的词序变动较大阅读和翻译时要弄清其结构。如：Easiersaidthandone.(=Itiseasiertobesaidthantobedone.)Inscience,morethaninanyotherhumaninstitution,itisnecessarytosearchoutthepastinordertounderstandthepresentandtocontrolthefuture.(=Itismorenecessaryinsciencethaninanyotherhumaninstitutiontosearchout...)

有时一个词的原级和比较级在一同结构的句中会产生不同的意义，如：Ifhewastenyearsold,hewouldunderstandit.≠Ifhewastenyearsolder,hewouldunderstandit.

5)要注意避免不合理的比较。如：(误)Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanhisuncle.

(正)Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanthatofhisuncle.Hisfathersfacelooksolderthanhisuncles.

极比句句型［...the形容词最高级/副词最高级+(名词)+范围词...］

1.ThisistheeasiestbookIveeverread.2.Mrs.Thomsonworkshardestofall.

3.Dictionariesarelikewatches;theworstisbetterthannone,andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue.4.ItisourgreatesthappinesstodedicateouryouthtotheNewLongMarch.

5.Theleastmeansshallbeusedtoachievethegreatestend.6.Whichoftheboysstudiesbest?

句型［...themost/least形容词原级/副词+(名词)+范围词...］

1.Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.2.Youretheonewhowritesthemostcorrectly.

3.”Howisyourwatch?“-”Mywatchgoesthemostaccurately.“

4.Themostshort-sightedmancouldseethatataglance,withhisnakedeyes,”saidMartin.

5.Lightwavestravelmostquicklythroughair,theygomuchslowerthroughwaterandevenslowerthroughglass.

[注1]“bestofall”表示肯定的最;“leastofall”表示否定的最，如：Ilikeswimmingbestofall.

Ilikethatleastofall.Theleast用作最高级时，往往被其后面的形容词的反义词的最高级所取代。如:Thisisthemostdifficult(不用theleasteasy)bookIveeverread.Thisisthemostuninteresting(很少用theleastinteresting)bookofthethree.

[注2]两个概念的表示法：1)若干个最大中的一个可用“oneof+最高级”表示,如:“Whatabouthorse-racing?”-“IshouldsaythatthatisoneofthemostpopularsportsinGreatBritain.”

2)“第2,3,4...大”可用“the序数词+最高级”表示,如：Myhometownisthesecondlargestcityinourprovince.

[注3]most前，如果没有the,则不是表示比较，而表示“很”,“非常”,如:Thepresentworldsituationismostfavorableforthepeople.Themeetingproceededinamostfriendlyatmosphere.

句型［...否定词...+比较级...］

1.Ineversawaprettiersight.2.Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.

3.Iwillsaythis,thatthebestshotinexistencecouldnothavedoneitmorebeautifully

4.“Howaboutagameofbridge?”-“Icantthinkofabetteridea.”

5.Whenyoucometothinkofit,thereisnothingintheworldmorepotent-andmoreimpotent-thanwords

[注]从反面表达最高比较级的方式很多，甚至可以不用比较级的词语，如：

Nothingancientormodernseemstocomenearit.(comenear与...相比)

Inpointofstrength,heissecondtonone.(secondtonone独一无二)

Nooneistobecomparedwithhimforresourcefulness.Hehasnoequalinplayingping-pongball.

句型［...否定词语...+so+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］

1.NocountrysufferedsomuchasEngland.2.NowarissogreatastheEuropeanwar.

3.ThereisnothingIlikesomuchasplayingfootball.4.Nothingissoeasyasthis.

5.Noneissoblindasthosethatwontsee.

[注]极比句中表示范围的词语，除了用差比句附注第三列出的词以外，还有以下几种。

1)用that引出的从句表示范围:Thatisthemostimportantdiscovery(that)evermadebyman.

2)用in引出的短语表示范围:Thisisthebusieststreetinthecity.

3)用of引出的短语表示范围:OfallthewritersofthetimeLuShunenjoyedthegreatestpopularityamongthepeople.

4)用其他介词短语表示:Mr.Zhuisthestrictestamongtheteachersofourschool.Itisthefinestthingunderthesun.

5)用条件句表示范围:“IfthereisonethingIdonotlike,itisacryingchild...”

“Ifthereisascoundreluponearth,thatscoundrelsnameisHEEP.”

比例句句型［(从句)The+形容词比较级/副词比较级...,(主句)the+形容词比较级/副词比较级...］(第1个the是关系副词，有“byhowmuch”之意，第2个the是指示副词，有“bysomuch”之意。)

1.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

2.Thesoonerwebeginourwork,thesoonerweshallfinishit.

3.Themoreamanknows,themorehediscovershisignorance.

4.“Howlongishegoingtostaythere?”-“Idontknowexactly,but...thelongerhestaysthebetter.”

5.ThemoreIthinkofit,thehappierIam.

[注1]当比较级作表语而又不处于句首时,可以不用the相关联。如：Whenweencountermoredifficulties,weshouldbemorespirited;whenwearemoreatdanger,weshouldbemorecourageous.

[注2]注意本句型可省略的成分较多,常见于谚语、俗语中如：Thesooner,thebetter.

=thesooneryoudoitthebetteritwillbe.=Byhowmuchsooneryoudoit,bysomuchbetteritwillbe.

=Inwhateverdegreesooneryoudoit,inthatdegreebetteritwillbe.Themore,themerrier.Themore,thebetter.

[注3]还有一些带比较级的词组，也含有比例发展的意味;但这些词组多用于表示同一事物的发展程度，一般不带被比对象。1)“...ever+比较级+(and+比较级)...”如：Thestorygetsevermoreexciting.

Ourcountryisgrowingeverricherandstronger.

2)“...+比较级+and+比较级...”如：...hispoorcheekhasturnedeverthinnerandpaler.

3)“...the+比较级...”这大多是一种习惯用语。如：Somuchtheworse.achangefortheworseallthemore=moreandmore

择比句句型［Better+(主语)形容词或副词/名词/(to)动词原形...+than+被比对象］

1.Betterlatethannever.2.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.

3.Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.

4.Bettersaynothingthannothingtothepurpose.

5.Betterdiestandingthanlivekneeling.(=itisbettertodiestandingthantolivekneeling.)

[注]注意本句型可省略被比对象,如：Betterbewiththedead.Betterletthefurnacecoolabit.

句型［主语+had(would)rather+动词原形...+than+动词原形...］

[主语+谓语+ratherthan+动词原形...]

1.Iwould(或had)ratherjoinyouinresearchworkthangoonholidaytotheseaside.

2.Theywouldratherdieasfreementhanliveasslaves.

3.“Iwouldratherdiewithmyheadhigh,withindestructiblefaithandprofoundbeliefinthedestinyofourcountry,thanliveinhumilityandrenouncetheprincipleswhicharesacredtome.”

4.Oliverfellonhisknees,claspinghishandstogether,andbeggedthemtokillhimiftheypleasedratherthansendhimawaywiththatdreadfulman.5.Heinsistedonstayingratherthango

句型［主语+prefer+名词或动名词A+to+名词或动名词B...］

[主语+prefer+不定式A+ratherthan+不定式B...]

1.IpreferredtheseruinstoKatespointedyellowboots.2.Heprefersdoingtotalking.

3.Therevolutionariespreferreddeathtodishonor.4.Iprefertoworkratherthan(to)sitidle.

5.Hepreferstowritehislettersratherthandictateothers.

[注1]注意本句型的两式不可混用。不可说“Ipreferdoingthisratherthanthat.”只能说“Ipreferdoingthisto(doing)that.或Iprefertodothisratherthandothat.

[注2]prefer的派生词preferable,preference也都可用以表示择比。有以下方式：

1)”名词A+be+preferableto+名词B“如：Thisispreferabletothat.

2)”...名词A+in+preferenceto+名词B“如：Afterthenounreason,usethatinpreferencetobecause.

3)”...preferencefor+名词A+to+名词B“如：IhaveapreferenceforChinesetoforeignnovels.

句型［主语+wouldsooner+动词原形...than+动词原形...］

[Soonerthan+动词原形...(主句)主语+would+动词原形...]

1.Iwouldsoonerdiethandosuchathing.

2.Mr.Miltonwouldsoonerresignthantakepartinsuchdishonestbusinessdeals.

3.Soonerthandosuchwork,Iwouldstarve.

4.Soonerthanmarrythatman,Evawouldearnherlivingasawaitress.

句型[主语+would(had)...assoon/aslief+...as+被弃对象]

1.Ihadassoonyoubrokehisneckashisfinger.

2.Iwould(just)assoonstayathomeasgoforawalk.

3.Hewouldassoonkillhimselfasbetrayhiscountry.

4.Iwouldaslief(assoon)dieasliveindishonor.

5.Iwould(had)asliefjointheEighthRouteArmyasanything.

句型[主语+...choose+名词A+before+名词B][主语+before+从句]

1.Aheroshouldchoosedeathbeforedishonor.2.Hechosethisbeforeallothers.

3.IamwillingtoworkmyselftodeathbeforeIgiveup.4.Iwoulddoanythingbeforethat.

5.Wewouldsoonerdiefightingfirstbeforeweallowthistohappentous.

[注]其他如first,leave...for或两个独立分句等也可表示择比，如：Hesaidhewouldresignfirst.

Heleftthebarforthepen.Ilikegeography,butIpreferhistory.

对比句句型［（第一并列分句）+while/whereas+（第二并列分句）］

1.Theenemyrotswitheverypassingday,whileforusthingsaregettingbetterdaily.

2.Thestrengthofthecollectiveisboundless,whilethatoftheindividualisverylimited.

3.Wisemenlovetruth,whereasfoolsshunit.

4.Youcanalsoseethatthereisagrandpiano,whereasoursisanupright.

句型［（第一并列分句）+butonthecontrary+（第二并列分句）］

1.Ihavenotnearlydone.Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.

2.Idonotadmirethatman,butonthecontrary,Ihaveagreatcontemptforhim.