考研英语模拟65

［模拟］考研英语模拟65多项选择第1题:Hedoesn，tlikepartiesatall.Hehascaughtacold.C.Heneedstodohiswork.D.Hehastostudy.参考答案：C答案解析：M:Codywon，tgotothepartybecausehehastowork.W:JohnhastostudyandSuehascaughtacold,sotheywon，tgoeither.Q:What，sthereasonforCodynotgoingtotheparty?第2题:A.Heissobusythathecan，tgotothemuseum.B.Hepreferstodohisreport.C.Hehasalreadybeentothemuseumbefore.D.Hishandistoodirtyandheneedstowashitfirst.参考答案：A答案解析：W:Areyoucomingwithmetothemuseum?M:Ialreadyhavemyhandsfullwiththisreport.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?第3题:Thebrownone.Neither.Bothoftherugs.Theblueone.参考答案：D答案解析：W:Whichrugdidyourwifebuy?M:Theblueone,butIwouldratherhaveboughtthebrownone.Q:Whichrugdidthecouplefinallybuy?第4题：Thewomanthinksitagreatreliefthatsheneednotdothejobanymore.Thewomanisdisappointedatnotgettingthejob.Thewomanisworryingaboutnotgettingthejobdonewell.Themanwillgivethewomanabetterjob.参考答案：B答案解析：W:Notgettingthatjobwasabigletdown.M:Don'tworry.Somethingbetterwillcomealong.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthedialogue?第5题：Themanhelpsthewomanonlybecausehewantstogetherhelplater.Theparcelsaresogoodthatthemancan，thelpcarryingthemforthewoman.Thewomanhashelpedhimbefore.Themandeservesthethanksfromthewomanbecauseheissogood.参考答案：C答案解析：W:Thankyouforhelpingmetocarrymyparcels.M:Notatall.Onegoodturndeservesanother.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?第6题：Bycar.Onfoot.C.Shenevergoesshoppingnow.D.Sheshopsbyphone.参考答案：B答案解析：W:Ihardlyevergoshoppingbycarnow.Theshoppingcenteriswithinwalkingdistance.M:Well,youarelucky.TheneareststoreIcangotoistwomilesaway.Q:Howdoesthewomanusuallygoshopping?第7题：A.Themovieisfullofnoise.B.Thesoundsystemgoesalittlewrong.Themanagerhasn，tturnedonthesoundsystem.Theaudiencesaretooclamorous.参考答案：B答案解析：M:Therewastroublewiththesoundsysteminthemovie.Icouldhardlyhear.W:Thathappenedtomeonce.Ispoketothemanagerandtheproblemwastakencareof.Q:Whycan，tthemanhearproperly?第8题：Thehotwaterwasrunningwhilethetapisoutofwork.Hewantssomeonetorepairhishouse.Waterdoesn,trun.Therewasnohotwater.参考答案：A答案解析：M:Hello.Willyoupleasesendsomeoneuptomyapartment?ThehotwaterisrunningandIcan，tturnitoff.W:Thereisnooneintheofficenow.r11sendsomeoneupassoonasIcan.Q:Whydidthemanwantsomeonetocome?第9题：Hedrovethecarinthewrongwayonaone-waystreet.Hewenttotheoppositedirection.Hesloweddowntooearly.Hespeedsupatanimpropermoment.参考答案：A答案解析：M:IheardTedgotaticketyesterday.Whatdidhedo?W:Hedrovedownaone-waystreetthewrongway.Q:WhydidTedgetaticket?第10题：Theyarealwaysmadebeforethetripandthereforeofnouse.Shefindsitboring.Theyaretoonoisyforhertohavesomerest.Thecaptain，svoiceistooloud.参考答案：C答案解析：W:Ihateitwhentheplanecaptainkeepsannouncingcitiesoverwhichweareflying.Ican，tgetanysleep.M:Butforsomeonewhohasnevermadethetripbefore,suchannouncementareveryhelpful.Q:Whydoesthewomandisliketheannouncements?第11题：A.Hissuitistoodarkforhim.B.Itdoesnotsuithimtoworkintheoffice.C.Hehasmadeaterriblemistakeonthesizeofhisjacket.D.Thejacketandpantdonotmatch.参考答案：D答案解析：W:Whatastrangesuityouarewearing.Yourjacketdoesn，tmatchyourpants.M:Iknow.Igotdressedinthedark,andIdidn，trealizemymistakeuntilIhadgottentotheoffice.Q:What'sunusualabouttheman，ssuit?第12题:OneTwoThreeFour参考答案：A答案解析：M:Tinaisreallyenthusiasticaboutherballetclass,isn'tshe?W:Yes,sheusedtotakelessensonlyonedayaweek,butnowshegoeseveryotherdayafterschool:Monday,WednesdayandFriday.Q:HowmanyballetlessensdidTinatakeeveryweekbefore?第13题:$100$300$400$500参考答案：B答案解析：M:Ourrentisnowjust$600amonth.W:Iknow.It'sexactlytwiceasmuchasitwaswhenwefirstmovedin.Q:Howmuchrentdidtheypaythefirstmonth?第14题：A.175poundsB.190poundsC.140poundsD.lessthan140pounds参考答案：B答案解析：M:Youarethinnerthanyouusedtobe,aren，tyou?W:YoubetIam!I'vebeendietingforfourmonths.I'velost25poundsandIfeelgreat.I'mdownto165.Q:Whatwasherweightfourmonthsago?第15题：Herhusband，snotdoingthingsThecomingSundayThatshecan'tdomuchonSundayHerhusband，swatchingagame参考答案：D答案解析：M:Ihopeyoudon，tmindbutIwantverymuchtowatchthegamethiscomingSunday.W:Icertainlydomind,butthereisnotverymuchIcandoaboutit,isthere?Q:Whatdidthewomandislike?第16题：SanDiegoLosAngelesthetravelagentSanFrancisco参考答案：B答案解析：M:CanyougivemesomeinformationaboutthecostofatriptoLosAngeles?W:rmsorry,sir.Ican，tgiveyouthatinformationoverthephone.Thetravelagentwillbeabletohelpyou.Q:Wheredidthemanwanttogo?第17题：InSanDiegoInWashingtonC.InMichiganD.InNewYork参考答案：B答案解析：W:AreyougladthatyoucametoWashington?M:Yes,indeed.I'dconsideredgoingtoNewYorkorBoston,butI'veneverregrettedmydecision.Q:Whereistheman，shouse?第18题：TheyareinTokyoTheyareatapostofficeTheyareatalifeinsuranceofficeTheyareatashopstorebuyingapackage参考答案：B答案解析：W:ThispackageisgoingtoTokyo.Iwanttoinsureitforfiftydollars.M:Thatwillbethreedollarsandfiftycentspostageandanothertwodollarsfortheinsurance,Madam.Q:Wherearethemanandthewoman?第19题：Heisatelephonereceiver.Heoftencomplainsaboutsomethinginthedepartment.Heisthewoman，sclosefriend.Heisasupervisorofthedepartment.参考答案：D答案解析：W:Isthisthecomplaindepartment?I'dliketospeaktoasupervisor.M:Ifyouwillholdthephone,Madam.I'11getMr.Slopes.Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Slopes?第20题：Ateleveno'clockAttwelveo'clockAteighto'clockAttwoo'clock参考答案：C答案解析：M:MissBronte,ItoldDr.JohnsonthatIwouldcallhimintheHoustonofficeatteno'clocktheirtime.PleasefindoutthetimedifferenceformesothatIwillknowwhentoplacethecall.W:It'stwohoursearlierinHouston,Sir.Q:WhenshouldthemanplacehiscalltoDr.Johnson?多项选择Best，smajorthemerecognizesthecomplexitiesanduncertaintiesthatbedevilsomanyscientificallyrelatedpublicdebates.Hisfocus,however,isonstatisticalstudiesandtheirpresentation.Mostearlierbooksinthisarea,suchasDarrellHuff'sclassicHowToLieWithStatistics,dealmainlywiththetechnicalapparatusofstatisticsanditsabuse,especiallyinmisleadingvisualdisplays.Best,Ithink,goesdeeper,explaininghowinherentuncertaintiesandimprecisionsintheareaofhumansocialbehaviourcanaffectourabilitytogatherandinterpretstatisticalinformationaboutourselves.Hisbookisorganizedaroundafewcentralthemes,amongthemthebasiccausesofmisleadingstatistics(badguesses,deceptivedefinitions,confusingquestionsandbiasedsamples),amutantstatistics^(howgoodstatisticscanbemisunderstoodormisrepresented,knowinglyorotherwise)andproblemsincomparisons(acrosstime,space,groups).Thenarrativeflowseasily,andallthepointsaredrivenhomewithengagingexamplesfromreallife.ThebookstartsbyexaminingtheopeninglineofarecentPhDproposal,aEveryyearsince1950,thenumberofAmericanchildrengunneddownhasdoubled.”Startingwithonedeathin1950,thisimpliesthatmorethanthecurrentworldpopulationwouldhavebeendeadbytheearly1980s.Besttracksthereferencedowntoacolourfulmutationofa1994reportthat“thenumberofAmericanchildrenkilledeachyearbygunshasdoubledsince1950”.Ioftencitethewell-knownstatisticthattwopercentofAmericansbelievetheyhavebeenabductedbyaliensandreturnedtoEarth.Sadly,Bestexplainsthesource：theresearchersthoughtadirectquestionaboutabductionmightbeoff-putting,soinsteadtheydevisedfiveindicativesymptoms.Onewas,uHaveyouexperiencedwakingupparalyzedwithasenseofastrangepersonorpresenceofsomethingelseintheroom?wScoringfouroutoffivepositiveresponsesapparentlyequatedtoaffirmingabduction.Inamoreconstructivevein,Bestshowshowwecantestforracialbiasinpolicearrests.Supposewefindthatamong100whiteand100blackyouths,10and17,respectively,haveexperiencedarrest.Thismaylookplainlydiscriminatory.Butsupposewethenfindthatofthe80middle-classwhiteyouths4havebeenarrested,andofthe50middle-classblackyouths2arrested,whereasthecorrespondingnumbersoflower-classwhiteandblackyouthsarrestedare,respectively,6of20and15of50.Thesearrestratescorrespondto5per100forwhiteand4per100forblackmiddle-classyouths,and30per100forbothwhiteandblacklower-classyouths.Now,betteranalysed,thedatasuggesteffectsofsocialclass,notraceassuch.IalsoespeciallylikedBest,slucidandcomprehensiveanalysisoftheheateddisputebetweentheMuslimleaderLouisFarrakhanandtheWashingtonParkpoliceoverhowmanyactuallymarchedintheNationofIslamMillionManMarchin1995.uncertainty(n.)不确定，不可靠presentation(n.)陈述，介绍；呈递，上演apparatus(n.)手段；仪器，装置

.abuse.visual.imprecision.abuse.visual.imprecision.theme.deceptive.narrative.drivehome.paralyze.score.affirm.constructive.vein.plainly.discriminatory.whereas.corresponding其他词汇(a.)视觉的，视力的(n.)不严密，不精确(n).题目，主题(a.)欺骗(性)的(n.)叙述，故事；记叙文

使人彻底明白(vt.)使无法运转，使瘫痪(vt.)得分(vt.)肯定，确认；断言(a.)建设性的(n.)静脉；性情，心绪；脉络(ad.)明白地，清楚地(a.)歧视的，有差别的(conj.)而，但是bedevil折磨,纠缠,使混乱engaging动人的，有魅力的异，变化，突变abduct绑架，诱拐星人，外国人off-puttingbedevil折磨,纠缠,使混乱engaging动人的，有魅力的异，变化，突变abduct绑架，诱拐星人，外国人off-putting令人不愉快的林mutant变异的4.mutation变6.alien外8.Muslim穆斯第21题:AccordingtoBest,ourabilitytocollectandinterpretstatisticsaboutourselvesisaffectedby.A.thewayweorganizeandpresentthesestatisticsB.thecomplexitiesanduncertaintiesofrelatedpublicdebatesB.thecomplexitiesanduncertaintiesofrelatedpublicdebatesC.thetechnicalapparatusofstatisticsanditsabuseD.theuncertainandimprecisenatureofourbehaviour参考答案：D答案解析：[D]意为:我们的行为不确定和不准确的本质特征。 第一段最后一句指出,Best的分析更加深刻，他解释了人的社会行为内在的不确定性和不准确性是如何影响我们收集和解释有关我们的数据信息的能力。 [C]意为：统计学的统计技术方法及其误用。第22题:FromthecentralthemesinBest，sbook,wecaninferthatthebookismainlyabout.theinherentuncertaintiesandimprecisionofstatisticalinformationthecollection,presentationandinterpretationofstatisticsmisrepresentationandabuseofstatisticalinformationabouthumanbehaviourthetechnicalapparatusofstatisticsandtheabuseintheirinterpretation参考答案：B答案解析：[B]意为：数据的收集、描述与解释。 第二段提到他的书的几个主题（centraltheme）,其中包括：产生误导的数据的基本原因（如乱猜、定义错误、问题不清、带有偏见的抽样），“变异的数据”（如：好数据是如何被误解或错误描述的一一有意识地也好无意识地也好），对比时出现的问题（如：时间、地域、群体之间的比较）。可见，这三个方面分别涉及数据的采集、描述和解释。第一段第二句也提到了书的重点一一数据研究和描述。第23题:TherecentPhDproposal.madeareferencefromawrongsourcemiscalculatedthenumberofdeathwasaperfectexampleofsoundproposalmadeafalseclaim参考答案：D答案解析：[D]意为：得出错误论断。 第三段提到一个博士论文提出的论点，即：自1950年以来，在美国被枪击的儿童每年成倍增长。按照这样的说法，如果1950年死了一个人的话，到80年代初全世界的人都死光了还不止。根据Best的发现,这句话衍生于1994年的一篇报导，其中说：每年被枪击的美国儿童自1950年以来增长了一倍。请读者仔细对比这两句话之间的差别。 [A]指被引用的东西是错误的。第24题：Theauthorindicatesthatthesurveyaboutalienabductionisanexampleof.confusingandbiasedquestionsmutantstatisticsmisleadingvisualdisplaysdeceptivedefinitions参考答案：A答案解析：[A]第四段提到另外一个错误的例子。根据统计，有2%的美国人认为自己曾被外星人劫持然后又回到地球。根据Best的解释，错误的根源如下：在研究者看来，如果直接问美国人是否曾被劫持过，他们会不喜欢这个问题，所以他们设计了5个表明被劫持过的症状，其中之一是：你醒来时是否有一种麻痹的感觉，好像陌生人或其他什么东西来过你的房间。如果对这5个问题的回答其中4个是肯定的，就等于说承认被劫持过。可见，统计数字之所以无效，问题主要出在问卷上。第25题：Theauthorofthepassage.makesacriticalanalysisofBest,sbookshowshisadmirationforBest，sbookgivesanimpartialintroductiontoBest,sbookmakesasystematiccomparisonbetweenHuff'sandBest'sbooks参考答案：B答案解析：[B]第一段提到Best探讨的问题更深刻(参阅第31题题解)；第二段最后一句评价说：Best的叙述很流畅(floweasily),引用现实生活的例子，将自己的所有观点论述得很透彻(drivehome)o另请参阅最后一段第一句和最后一句，注意其中的constructive,lucid,comprehensive等褒扬的词语。Fordecades,GeneralMotorsandtheFordMotorCo.havepubliclyresistedattemptstotightenfueleconomyandcleanuptoxictailpipes.Allthewhile,theyhaveoutdoneoneanotherinlaunchinglarge,gasguzzlingvehicles.Yettheywererecentlyfoundjostlingeachotheroverwhichcouldproducemorefuel-efficientvehicles.AtanewsconferenceoutsideDetroit,GM'svicechairmanHarryPearcepronouncedhimselfaannoyed,seriouslyannoyedthatFordwaspositioningitselfassomehowtheenvironmentalleader”.Thedebate,hedeclared,aoughttobeintellectuallyhonest...GMleadsFordtodayintruckfueleconomy,bothonaverageandonamodel-by-modelbasis,includingsport-utilityvehicles(SUVs).GeneralMotorswillstillbetheleaderinfiveyears,or10years,orforthatmatter20years.Endofstory.”Iftheoutburstwasalittleaggressive,Fordhaditcoming.Sixdaysbefore,thecompany，spresidentandCEOJacNasserannouncedtoreporters,"We'redoingthingsverydifferentlyatFordMotorCompanythesedays."Voluntarily,thecompanywouldimprovethefueleconomyofsport-utilityvehicles25%overfiveyears,hesaid,savinganaverageof1,700gallonsofgasoverthelifeofanaveragevehicle."Wewelcomeotherautomakerstojoinus.”Carsandtrucks,amajorsourceofglobalwarming,aseachgallonofgasolineputscarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.Butbecauseofaloopholeinthe1975fuel-economylaw,today，strucksareallowedtomeetamorerelaxedstandardonmilespergallonthancats：20.7vs.27.5onaverage.Thedifferencematteredlesstwodecadesago,whenlightweighttrucksrepresentedlessthanafifthofnew-carsales.Nowtheyaccountfornearlyhalf."Theindustrywasclaimingitdidn，thavethetechnologytoboostfueleconomy,"saysJasonMark,atransportationexpert.aWhatisrevolutionaryinFord，sandGM'sannouncementsisthattheyarecallingtheirownbluff.”Thereasonmaybegenuineenvironmentalconcern.Ford，snewchairman,WilliamClayFordJr.hasvowedtomakethecompanyabettercorporatecitizen.Hehasexpressedfearsthatautocompaniescouldbescornedliketobaccocompaniesiftheydon，tcleanuptheiract.Similarly,GMhassoughttopositionitselfastheenvironmentallyconsciouscarcompany,beginningin1996whenitlaunchedthenation，sfirstmodern,mass-producedelectriccar,theEV-1.Butbothcompanies,whichaccountforhalfoftheSUVsandotherlighttruckssoldtoday,ranklowerinfuelefficiencythanAsiancompaniessuchasToyotaandHonda.Suchcompetitionmaybeonereasonforthepublicrelationsskirmish,butanotherfactoristherisingcostofgasolineinAmerica.“Allofasuddenpeoplearesaying,'Oh,mygosh,whatahorriblepricetofillupmytank!’"saysSenatorRichardBryan,aNevadaDemocratwhoispushingfortoughergas-mileagerules.Words&Expressionsgas-guzzling [adj.]耗油量大的archrival [n.]主要竞争对手loophole [n.]漏洞tocallone'sbluff 揭穿（某人）skirmish [n.]小冲突［听力原文］多年来，通用汽车公司和福特汽车公司一直公开反对降低耗油量，反对减少有毒的尾气排放量，而且还争相推出体积庞大、耗油量巨大的产品。不过最近人们发现，这两家公司却在为谁的汽车更省油而争吵不休。在底特律郊区召开的一次记者招待会上，通用公司副董事长哈里•皮尔斯表示自己感到“气愤，非常气愤”，因为老对手福特公司竟然自称是“某种意义上的环保领袖”。他认为，“任何人都必须尊重事实……今天，无论以所有产品的平均水平，还是每一种车型，包括多用途跑车，进行单独比较，通用卡车的耗油量都比福特的要小。未来的5年、10年、甚至20年中，通用仍将保持这一优势。这一点毋庸置疑。”这样的言语显得有些过于咄咄逼人，其实事件的始作俑者就是福特公司。六天前，福特总裁兼首席执行官杰•纳斯泽告诉记者：“如今，我们的做法与过去大不相同。”他说福特将自愿在五年内把多用途跑车的耗油量降低25%。这样一来，一辆普通的汽车在使用寿命内将节省大约1,700加仑汽油。“我们欢迎其他汽车制造商加入我们的行列。”小汽车和卡车是全球转暖的主要罪魁祸首之一，其排放的尾气中含有大量的二氧化碳。但是由于1975年的节省燃料法中的一个漏洞，如今的卡车每加仑汽油行驶里程只需超过20.7英里，这比小汽车的27.5英里要宽松得多了。20年前，这个差别还不是特别重要，因为那时候轻型卡车销售量占新车销量的五分之一都不到。而今天，这一数字已达到近二分之一。“汽车行业认为没有足够的技术提高燃料的使用效率，”运输专家贾森•马克说，“福特和通用的声明最富创意的地方就是它们都在扇自己的耳光。”其实，福特和通用的姿态可能真的是出于对环境保护的关心。福特的新董事长小威廉•克莱•福特曾发誓要使福特成为更好的企业公民。他曾表示担心汽车公司如不洁身自好，可能会像烟草公司一样遭人唾骂。通用也已把自身定位为一家关心环保事业的公司。1996年，它就生产了美国第一辆批量制造的现代化电动汽车EV-1型。但这两家占全世界多用途跑车销量一半的公司却在燃料有效使用上排在丰田和本田等亚洲公司之后。尽管环境问题可能是双方交锋的原因之一，然而美国汽油价格上涨也是一个重要的因素。内华达民主党人、参议员理查德•布赖恩说：“突然之间，人们开始惊呼，'啊呀，糟了！加满我的油箱怎么要这么多钱！'”，他正努力使燃料经济性的规定变得更加严格。第26题：Thepassageismainlyabout.A.thecompetitionbetweenFordandGMtolaunchgas-guzzlingvehicles.B.thecompetitionbetweenFordandGMtobetheenvironmentalleader.C.thereasonswhycarsandtrucksareamajorsourceofglobalwarming.D.thereasonswhyfueleconomyshouldbetightened.参考答案：B答案解析：［考点］文章主题［分析］第一段最后一句话点明文章的主题：最近人们发现，这两家公司却在为谁的汽车更省油而争吵不休。紧接着讲了两家公司各自都称自己是环保方面的先锋，并分析了它们开始注重生产更省燃料的汽车的原因，故［B］是正确答案。［A］是两公司以前的做法，不是本文谈论的中心；［C］和［D］都只是文章一部分的内容。第27题：ThedebatebetweenFordandGMwastriggeredby.A.GM'svicechairman，sanger.B・GM'simprovementintruckfueleconomy.Ford，sCEO,sannouncementtoreporters.Ford，sdifferentwaysofdoingthings.参考答案：c答案解析：［考点］局部细节［分析］在第二段中讲到通用副董事长对福特声称自己是环保先锋感到非常气愤，并宣布通用其实比福特在各方面都领先一步；第三段又讲，虽然他这样的语气显得有些过于咄咄逼人，但始作俑者就是福特公司。所以两公司之间的争论是由六天前福特总裁对记者们所做的声明而起，故［C］是正确答案。第28题：Thesentence”…theyarecallingtheirownbluffw(Lines6-7,Para.4)mostprobablymeans.theyarethreateningeachothertodowhattheywanttodo.theyarechallengingthemselvesbydoingwhattheyareincapableof.theyarechallengingthemselvesbydoingwhattheyareincapableof.theyaresayingthattheythemselveshavebeenfalselypretending.参考答案：D答案解析：［考点］难句理解［分析］在第四段中谈到，汽车工业以前总是说没有足够的技术提高燃料的使用效率，而现在通用和福特两公司却很快推出自己的节省燃料环保汽车，并各自声称是环保先锋。由此可见，它们是在承认自己以前是在撒谎，故［D］是正确答案。第29题:FordandGMwouldbescornediftheydon，t.payattentiontofueleconomy.learnfromtobaccocompanies.turnoutnewmodelsofvehicles.stopactingagainstfueleconomylaw.参考答案：A答案解析：［考点］局部细节［分析］在第五段中讲到通用和福特的姿态可能真的是出于对环境保护的关心。据福特新董事长所说，汽车公司如不洁身自好，可能会像烟草公司一样遭人唾骂。通用也已把自身定位为一家关心环保事业的公司。也就是说，如果汽车公司还像以前一样竞相生产耗油量大的汽车，而不注重燃料的经济性，必将会像烟草公司一样受到唾骂，故［A］是正确答案。［B］“向烟草公司学习”，这与原文不符，原文意思是汽车公司应该吸取烟草公司的教训，而不是向他们学习；［C］只说生产出新型汽车，没有说明应该是节省燃料的新型汽车；［D］“停止违反节省燃料法”，文章中没有说两公司违反了该法，而只说它们可能利用了法律中的一个漏洞。第30题:Risingcostofgasolinemightleadto.publicrelationsskirmishbetweenAmericaandothercountries.GMandFordcompetingtoturnoutmorefuel-efficientcars.peoplehavingtocuttheirconsumptionofgasoline.GMandFordcuttingthepricesoftheirnewmodels.参考答案：B答案解析：［考点］局部细节［分析］根据最后一段，汽油价格的上涨，会使消费者觉得突然之间加满油箱怎么要这么多钱！因此这也迫使汽车公司不得不推出更省油的汽车，故［B］是正确答案。其他几个选项均不符合原文意思。IntheUS,pollafterpollhasshownamajorityinfavourofanimalexperimentation,evenwithoutstatementsaboutitsvalue.WhyisopinioninBritainsodifferent?Ithinkthattherearetworeasons.Thefirstisthesuccessofantivivisectioncampaignersinlampooninganimalresearchasoutdated,intentionallycruel,“bad”science,whichachievesnothing.Alldrugsandproceduresdevelopedwiththehelpofanimaltestsaresaidtobedangerous.Theoccasionalfailureofanimaltestingtoidentifyadangerousdrugisdeployedasanargumentforabandoningsafetytestsinvolvinganimalsaltogether-withnomentionoftheterriblehumansufferingthatthiswouldcause.Theysaythat“alternative”methodsalreadyexistforallanimalexperiments,butthefactisthatthelawspecificallyforbidsanimaluseifthereisanyalternative.Thesecondreasonisthatscientistsanddoctorshavefailedtoopposesuchmisrepresentation.Intheearly1990s,animalrightscampaigningintheUSwasmetwithmuchmoreforthrightdefence,notonlybythemajorscientificsocieties,fundingagenciesandmedicalorganisations,butalsobytheUSgovernment.Tobepositive,therearemanyencouragingfeaturesoftheNewScientistpoll.Interestingly,thepublicseemstoemploythesamekindofutilitarianphilosophythatunderpinsthelawinBritain-weighingpotentialbenefitsagainstthespeciesinvolved(thus,monkeysaremore“valuable“thanmice)andthelikelihoodofsuffering.Clearly,peopleinBritaindonotrecognizetheessentiallinkbetweenanimalresearchandtestingandthemedicaltreatmentsthattheyreceive.Only18percentofthosewhohadtaken(orhadaclosefamilymemberwhohadtaken)adrugprescribedforaseriousillnessrealizedthatthedrughadbeentestedonanimals,asalldrugsare.Obviously,alargemajorityofthosesurveyedbelievethattheycanhappilybenefitfrommedicaltreatmentwithouttakingadvantageofanimalresearch.Nowondersomanypeopleopposeitwhenaskedthestraightyes/noquestion.Theviewsofthepublicmustberespected.Butthispolltellsusthat,whiletheyareopentopersuasion,theirreactionisbasedonmisunderstanding.Theresponsibilityforprovidinghonestevidenceforthepublicliesnotjustwiththosewhouseanimalsintheirresearch,butwithotherscientistswhodependonthatwork.Itlieswiththedoctorswhobenefitfromanimalresearch,withthepharmaceuticalsandbiotechindustries,andthemedicalcharitiesandfundingagencieswhoseworkwouldbecrippledwithoutit.Butmostofall,responsibilityrestswithgovernment,whichshouldcultivateseriousandtransparentdebatebetweenthoseofdifferentopinion,andprovidethepublic-especiallyyoungpeo-ple—withthehonestevidencetheyneedanddeserve.s-第31题：InthefirstsentenceofParagraph3,asuchmisrepresentation”refersto.theideathatothermethodscanbesubstitutedforanimalresearchtheclaimthatanimalexperimentisintentionallycruelthebeliefthatalldrugsdevelopedwithanimaltestsaredangerousthefactthatscientistsandmedicalorganizationssupportanimalexperimentation参考答案：A答窠解析：[A]意为：用其他方法代替动物实验的想法。该词意为“错误看法”，指上一段最后一句中提到的“用其他方法代替动物实验”一一不使用动物做实验。第32题:Intheauthor,sopinion,morepeopleinBritainopposeanimalexperimentsbecause.theyarekinderthanthoseintheUnitedStatestheydon,tknowthebenefitsresultingfromanimaltestsmostofthemedicinesdon,tneedanimalexperimentstoworkwellD.somescientistsuserarespeciesfortheirmedicalexperimentation参考答案：B答案解析：[B]意为：他们对动物实验的益处不了解。第五段指出，很明显，英国人不知道动物实验和他们所接受的医疗之间的相互关系。大部分被调查的人错误地认为，没有动物实验他们同样可以受益于医疗服务。难怪有这么多人反对动物实验。第33题:Tocorrectthesituation,theauthorsuggeststhat.onlysomeanimalsshouldbeusedforresearchscientistsanddoctorsshouldrespecttheviewsofthepublicthebenefitsofanimaltestsshouldbemadewidelyknownthedebateonanimaltestsbeputtoaseriouspublicpoll参考答案：C答案解析：[C]第六段指出，虽然公众有待于去说服，但他们的反应却是基于一些误解。向公众提供诚实的证据，不仅是用动物做实验的人的责任，而且是那些依靠这种实验开展工作的科学家的责任。最重要的责任在政府身上，它应该向公众一一特别是年轻人一一提供公众所需要的、也是应该得到的实在的证据。这里所谓的honestevidence指医学离不开动物实验、并且人们已受益于动物实验这一事实。[D]意为：有关动物实验这个问题应该进行严肃的民意测验。第34题:Theauthor，sattitudetowardsanimalresearchis.A.negativeB.questioningneutralpositive参考答案：D答案解析：[D]从以上分析可以看出，作者对动物实验持积极的支持态度。第35题：Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.supportingapositionrefutingsomeargumentsC.describingacaseD.presentinganewperspective参考答案：B答案解析：[B]第一段提到，美国人赞成动物实验，但英国人不赞同。在第二、第三段，作者提到了英国人不赞成动物实验的理由，下文对这些理由进行了分析和驳斥，并表达了自己支持动物实验的立场。Acentralprincipleofajustsocietyisthateverypersonhasanequalrightto^life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness”.Theessentialbasisonwhichcommunityisbuiltrequireseachcitizentohonortherightfulclaimsofothers.Thepreciousnessoflifeinamoralcommunitymustbesohighlyhonoredthatthosewhodonothonorthelifeofothersmakenullandvoidtheirownrighttomembership.Thosewhoviolatethepersonhoodofothers,especiallyifthisisdonepersistentlyasahabit,mustpaytheultimatepenalty.Thispunishmentmustbeinflictedforthesakeofmaintainingthecommunitywhosefoundationhasbeenviolated.Wecandebatewhethersomenon-lethalalternativeisafittingsubstituteforthedeathpenalty.Butthestandardofjudgmentiswhetherthepunishmentfitsthecrimeandsufficientlyhonorsthenatureofmoralcommunity.Bycontrast,Agape,orChristianlove,isunconditional.Itdoesnotdependontheworthinessormeritofothosetowhomitisdirected.Itispersistentinseekingthegoodofothersregardlessofwhethertheyreturnthefavororevendeservetobetreatedwellonthebasisoftheirownincessantwrongdoing.Anidealcommunitywouldbemadeupoffreeandequalcitizensdevotedtoabalancebetweenindividualself-fulfillmentandtheadvancementofthecommongood.Communallifewouldbebasedonmutualloveinwhichequalityofgivingandreceivingwasthenormofsocialpractice.Whatwouldacommunitybasedonthiskindoflovedowiththosewhocommittedbrutalactsofterror,violence,andmurder?Putnegatively,itwouldnotlivebythephilosophyof“aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth,andalifeforalife”.Itwouldacttosafeguardthemembersofthecommunityfromfurtherdestruction.Thosewhohadshownnorespectforlifewouldberestrained,permanentlyifnecessary,sothattheycouldnotfurtherendangerothermembersofthecommunity.Butthepurposeofconfinementwouldnotbevengeanceorpunishment.Ratheranidealcommunitywouldshowmercyeventothosewhohadshownnomercy.Itwouldreturngoodforevil.Theaimofisolationisreconciliationandnotrevenge.Agapenevergivesup.Itiseverhopefulthateventheworseamonguscanberedeemedsothattheirownpotentialcontributiontootherscanberealized.Such,inbrief,istheargumentforandagainstcapitalpunishment,onefoundedonjusticeandthenatureofmoralcommunity,theotherrestingonloveandthenatureofanidealspiritualcommunity.第36题:Theideathateverypersonhasanequalrighttolife,libertyandthepursuitofhappinessissupportiveof.forgivenessinthecaseofmurdercapitalpunishmentfortakingalifeunconditionalloveevenformurderersadvancementofthecommongood参考答案：B答案解析：［B］意为：用死刑惩治杀人。第一段指出，对任何正义社会来说，一个核心原则是每个人都有同等的“生活、自由、追求幸福”的权利，珍视他人的正当权利是社会得以存在的基础。在一个有道德的社会中，生命的珍贵价值应该得到高度尊重，那些不尊重其他人生命的人等于放弃了自己作为社会成员的权利。所以，侵犯了他人生命权利的人一一特别是那些惯犯一一应该被处以极刑(ultimatepenalty)o［A］意为：饶恕杀人行为。［D］意为：推进共同的善。第37题：Thephilosophyof“aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth,andalifeforalife".isnotthebasisforChristianloveisthechiefargumentagainstultimatepenaltyisadoctrineforadministeringAgapeisasupportforrestraintbutnotrevenge参考答案：A答案解析：［A］第三段第二句指出，用否定的措辞来说，它不会遵循“以眼还眼、以牙还牙、一命还一命”的生活哲学办事。putnegatively这里实际上是说用一个否定句(而不是一个肯定句)来回答。本句是一个否定句。［C］意为：是实施博爱的一个原则。［D］意为：是对限制而不是报复的支持。第38题:Agapebelievesthat.anywrongdoershouldbeexpelledfromanidealcommunitythosewhothreatenothers'livesshouldbepermanentlyrestrainedC.tosafeguardthecommunityisthedutyofanyidealsocietyD.anywrongdoingshouldbeconsideredtobecorrigible参考答案：D答案解析：［D］意为：任何犯罪行为都应该被看做是可纠正的。第三段最后一句指出，博爱思想要求人坚信，即使我们中最坏的人也能被挽救(redeem)过来，并最终实现其潜在的、服务于他人的意识。［B］不对。与原文相比，该选择项缺乏一个必要条件 permanentlyifnecessary。参阅第三段第四句。［C］意为：保护社会是每个理想社会中各成员的责任。原文没有提到这一观点。第39题:AccordingtotheprincipleofAgape,apersonwhocommitsmurdershouldbeconfinedwithaviewto.safeguardhislifeagainstrevengepreventhimfromcommittingothercrimespunishhimforwhathehasdonereturnviolencewithviolence参考答案：B答案解析：[B]根据第三段第四句，对于那些不