考研英语写作新思维基础教程

写作新思维基础课程第一部分：句子层面的中英思维转换(\◊学会调整中英文间的定语状语顺序◊学会巧妙的掩藏谓语动词\J一.热身——主谓的确定.问题出现[Problemsarise.].我认为……[Iholdtheviewthat][Ithasbeensaidthat].人们喜欢…[Peopleprefer...1.人们担心…[peopleareconcernedabout...].人们意识到[peoplebecomeconsciousof].人们忽略…[peopledisregard/turnablindeyeto/turnadeafearto].国家面临问题[countriesfaceproblems][Theproblemliesin...].政府强调[Thegovernmentemphasizesthat...].消费者不相信广告[Consumersareskepticalaboutadvertisements].艺术反映现实[Artsreflect/representlife.].人类利用资源[Humanbeingsdrawuponnaturalresources].工作要求资格[Thejobrequiresqualification.][Thegovernmenttakesstepstodo...].国家经历危机[Thecountryexperiencesacrisis.].国家遭受损失[Thecountrysuffersfromaloss.].电视影响人的生活[TVexertsaninfluenceuponourlife.].本课程训练独立思考能力[Thecoursetrainsyoutothinkforyourself.].汽车在夏天往往过热[Thecartendstooverheatinsummer.].评论引争起论[Theremarkgivesrisetodiscussion.].理论来源于实践[Theoryoriginatesfrompractice.].做人应该坚持原则[Oneshouldadheretoone'sownprinciples.].调查显示[Therecentsurveydemonstratesthat..].报道揭露社会阴暗面[Thereportexposesthedarksideofthesociety1.政府掩盖事实[Thegovernmentconcealsthefact].青年人调整自己适应社会[Theyoungadjustthemselvestotheconditionsofthesociety.].新款福特汽车开始流行[ThenewmodelofFordcomesintofashion.].潮流显现[Anewtrendshowsitself.].潮流依旧[Thetrendremainsunaltered.].饥饿在某些区依然存在[Hungerpersistsinsomeareas.].生活充满不公正[Lifeisfullofinjustice.].充满激情、渴望[Haveaburningpassion/desirefor].接触自然[Beexposedtonature].电影获得注意[themoviereceivesattention]二.定语状语的顺序调整找出定语Anumberofdevelopedcountriesfaceincreasinglypressingpopu1ationproblems.Thefantasticmoviereceivestremendousattentioninthepress.Theexisting-olicywhichhasfailedtokeeppacewiththedevelopmentoftheeconomyaffectsordinarypeopleonlowincomeZoos,agreattouristattractionwhichbooststhelocaltourism,aresimplynolongeraplaceofentertainmentandrecreation.丽诺・拉姆齐太太是一个非常富有的老妇人，多年来，二直同她养的猫拉斯特斯一起住在一所公寓里。MrsEleanorRamsay,averywealthyoldlady,hassharedaflatwithhercat,Rastus,foragreatmanyyears.Travellingataheightof30,000feet,farabovetheclouds,andatover500milesanhourisanexhilaratingexperience.Theinsurmountabletaskofgreatsignificancerequiresateamofhighlyqualifiedworkerswithampleexperience.AuntHarrietdiscoveredthattherewerepilesofemptywinebottlesofallshapesandsizesneatlystackedinwhathadoncebeenBessie'swardrobe.Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.Linedupagainstthewall,therewerelongthinwiresattachedtometalspheres.Buriedsomewhereindeepgrass,thereisarustinglawn-mowerwhichIhavepromisedtorepaironeday.Theyhadlargeroomswithbeautifullydecoratedwalls.Readingisonlyapartialsolution,forthemonotonousrhythmofthewheelsclickingontherailssoonlullsyoutosleep.Ifthelandscapeishiddenfromview,youcanenjoytheextraordinarysightofunbrokencloudplainsthatstretchoutformilesbeforeyou.定语位置调整.穿越平原的道路崎岖不平Theroughroadacrosstheplain [NCE3-Lesson39].那一向相待大家很好的可爱的老妇人adearoldladywhohadalwaysbeensokindtoeverybody[NCE3-Lesson24].即使是对艺术不感兴趣的人也不会不注意到在公共场所展出的现代艺术品。Evenpeoplewhotakenointerestinartcannothavefailedtonoticeexamplesofmodernsculptureondisplayinpublicplaces.[NCE3-Lessonl8].人们所熟悉的是悬挂在天花板上的、造型奇特、随风飘荡的雕塑品。Oddlyshapedformsthataresuspendedfromtheceilingandmoveinresponsetoagustofwindarequitefamiliartoeverybody.[NCE3-Lessonl8]Mary与丈夫Dimitri逐在希腊南部一个叫Perachora的小村庄里。Mary最珍贵的(prize)财产(possession)之一就是丈夫送给他的一只白色小羊羔MaryandherhusbandDimitrilivedinthetinyvillageofPerachorainsouthernGreece.OneofMary'sprizepossessionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusbandhadgivenher. [NCE3-Lesson16]靠墙排列着许多细长的电线，而电线又连着金属球。[NCE3-Lessonl8]Linedupagainstthewall,therewerelongthinwiresattachedtometalspheres.驱动轮子的链条断了一节Oneofthelinksthatdrivesthewheelshadsnapped.（三）状语位置调整Hesaysnothingaboutthepoorselectionofgoodsintheshops,oraboutthoseunfortunatepeoplewhohavetotravelfromthecountrytothecityeverydaytogettowork.Fewthingscouldbemoreimpressivethanthepeacethatdescendsondesertedcitystreetsatweek-endswhenthethousandsthattraveltoworkeverydayaretuckedawayintheirhomesinthecountry.However,hehadatlastbeenallowedtosendafaxinwhichheinformedtheeditorthathehadbeenarrestedwhilecountingthe1084stepsleadingtothe15-footwallwhichsurroundedthepresident'spalace.[NCE3-Lesson5]三.巧藏谓语动词：S+V,［状语从句］/［分词］/［介词/adv］轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来；我轻轻的招手，作别西天的云彩。Quietly,Ideparted,AsIcamelikewise,Gentlywavingfarewell,lbcloudsaroundthesettingsun.（一） 状语从句及定语.原理：)S( )+V[.状语成分添加练习：例：£□状语从句的添加Bushwonhiselection,becauseheheldapositiononmoralissuewhichunderscorestheimportanceofthechurch'seffortstoprotecttraditionalvaluesregardingthefamilyandlife.［原因］AlthoughtheIraqwarhasbeenadisaster,andBush'selitistdomesticagendaisunpopularwithvoters,Bushwonhiselectionanyway.［让步］Bushwonhiselection,sothatheplungedU.S.intofurtherthreatofterrorism.［结果］AshasbeenexpectedbythehundredsofRepublicansupporterswhogatheredtwoblocksfromtheWhiteHouseafteralongnightofpollwatchinganduncertainty,Bushwonhiselection［situation］ca练习1Theyoungchallengethetradition令方式［by］令目的［inorderto1令让步［though］令原因［for1令条件［if］◊结果［sothat1令方式[byshowingofftheirindividualstyleinclothesorhair]令目的[inordertobeuniqueinthecrowdlfgainmoreattentionfromothers]令让步[thoughcomplainedbytheirelders]令原因[forlobeaproblemgivesthemanidentity!令条件[iftheirparentscontinuallyimposetheirownmoralvaluesonthem]令结果|sothattheywillbroadenthegenerationgap]令Togainattentionfromothers,youngpeoplechallengetraditionsintensely,byshowingofftheirindividualstyleinclothesorhair.Despitecomplaintsfromtheirparents,tobeuniqueisinvariablyfascinating,fortobeaproblemgivesthemanidentity.Iftheirelderscontinuallyimposetheirownmoralvaluesonthem,inevitably,theirradicalactivitieswillbroadenthegenerationgap.61由练习2white-collar-workerschangejobs由练习3profiteerssellfakeconsumersgoods2.发展例证段例：Nowadays,iheunderlyingirendoflakingparl-limejobamongcollegesludenlsbecomeincreasinglyclear.1AstheresultofarecentsurveyamonganumberofkeyuniversitiesinPekingreveals,tightastimeis,agrowingnumberofcollegestudentstakethetemporaryjobintheneighborhoodofthecollegeintheirleisuretime,fortheyintenttowinfinancialindependencefromtheirfamilies.2Oneofmyroommates,inspiteofcomplaintsaboutthebusylife,hasfoundthethirdpart-timejob,atutor,forsheintendedtoaccumulatejob-specificexperience.Arecentsurveyoftheeffectsofnoiserevealed(surprisingly)thatdogsbarkingincessantlyinthenightratedthehighestformofnoisepollutiononascalerangingfrom1to7. NCE3-Lesson47£□练习1TheyoungchallengethetraditionCQ练习2white-collar-workerschangejobsC2练习3profiteerssellfakeconsumersgoods(二)分词1.主语一致的分词做状语令原理：£3初级练习：Helookedathiswatch,andhesawthatitwasoneo'clockLookingathiswatch,hesawthatitwasoneo'clockHewasarmedwithatorch,andthevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.Beforehereturnedhomeatnight,hetookashowerandchangedbackintohissuit.Beforereturninghomeatnight,hetookashowerandchangedbackintohissuit.Afterhegazedatthedisplayforseveralminutes,MrTaylorwentbackintohisshop.Aftergazingatthedisplayforseveralminutes,MrTaylorwentbackintohisshop.TheTitanicturnedjustintime,narrowlymissingtheimmensewalloficewhichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.TheTitanicturnedjustintime,sothatitnarrowymissedtheimmensewalloficewhichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.Thoughheownedalargecar,hehardlyeverusedit,preferringalwaystogoonfoot.Thoughheownedalargecar,hehardlyeverusedit,forhepreferredalwaystogoonfoot.Ifthemarecookedinwine,snailsareagreatluxuryinvariouspartsoftheworld.Cookedinwine,snailsareagreatluxuryinvariouspartsoftheworld.Inordertoavoidcollidingwiththetaxi,IveeredshapelyToavoidcollidingwiththetaxi,Iveeredshapely.Onenight,however,feelingcoldandlonely,Iwentdownstairsandsatinfrontofthetelevisionpretendingtoread.

shetriedtoexplainthesituation,saying"it'sonlyme”!Bewildered,wondenngwhatonearthhewassupposedtohavedonethistime,HarrygotupandfollowedUncleVernonoutofthekitchenandintothenextroom.Shestandsatthedoorstill.Ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,DimitriapologizedtoAlekoforhavingaccusedhim.Fearingtoawakethebaby,Islippedawaysoftly.Inevitablyyouarriveatyourdestinationalmostexhausted.Allmenarecreatedequal.Weenjoystaringatthementrancedastheygoabouttheirbusiness,unaware(wehope)ofourpresence.©做个有趣的小练习

渔者Tisder■ 撒■ Cdst/scorchingnet滚烫的网■ 浸■ ImmerseIntheicy6rine冰冷的海■ 收落■ (DrawupJ?dampenedheart潮湿的心情■ Sai(・ 摇(Be6a氏TbthelonelyHarborofmine...回一个人的港 ffl高级练习：11）她手捧一束鲜花，向儿子挥手告别，望着儿子远去的身影，两行热泪夺眶而出。Holdingabunchofflowersinherhand,shewaswavinghersongoodbye,seeinghimoffandreducingtotears.12)就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯了下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具(crockery)半数砸碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。Whileyouareonthephone,thebabypullsthetable-clothoffthetable,smashinghalfyourbestcrockeryandcuttinghimselfintheprocess.13)和平时期，当生意萧条时，Hawkwood边带领他的士兵进入某个城邦(city.state),纵火烧毁一两个农场，然后提出，如果向他们缴纳保护金离，他们便主动离开。Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoacity-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoneywaspaidtothem.14）我在地毯上跳过来蹦过去，扭曲身子，摆出各种姿势，弄得浑身不舒服，然后做到桌子边吃早饭，一副精疲力竭的样子。Afterjumpingaboutonthecarpetandtwistingthehumanframeintouncomfortablepositions,Isatdownatthebreakfasttableinanexhaustedcondition.2.主语不一致的分词做状语原理：Withsomuchworktodo,hehadtostayuptonight.S，+,S+VWithglasseson,hedidhisworkmorequicklyS'+,S+VWiththeworkfinished,helefttheofficeS，+,S+VWiththedooropen,helefttheoffice.S，+,S+VWithabunchofflowersinhishand,hecameintothebedroom.S'+,S+VShesattheresilent,withtearsstreamingdownherrosychecks.S'+,S+VThesilencewassuddenlybroken[whenalargecar,withitsheadlightsonanditshornblaring,roareddownthearcade.]Itcametoastopoutsidethejewelefs.Onemanstayedatthewheel[whiletwootherswithblackstockingsovertheirfacesjumpedoutandsmashedthewindowoftheshopwithironbars.]Q练习：Hehobbledintotheroom.Hishairwasunkemptanddirty.Hisclotheswerestainedandtattered.HistoeswerestickingoutofhisshoesHehobbledintotheroom,hairunkemptanddirty,clothesstainedandtattered,andtoesstickingoutofhisshoesAyounggirlwasstandingaloneatthecomerofthestreet.Sheseemedwaitingforsomeone.Sheheldafashionablepurseinherhands.Standingaloneatthecomerofthestreet,ayounggirlseemedwaitingforsomeonewithafashionablepurseinherhandsAboySatinthemiddleoftheroom.Helookedanxious.HeputhislefthandinhispocketSittinginthemiddleoftheroom,aboylookedanxious,withhislefthandputinhispocket.IwentintotheofficeWithmyhandssweating,(with)myhairstandingonend,(with)myheartpoundingWithmyfacebrightenedup,(with)eyestwinkling,(with)smileshining.Withmyspiritdampened,withmyfeetshambling/trudged,withmyeyesmistedwithtears.Tall,thinandbalding,hemovedtowardsuncleVernon,hishandoutstretched,butuncleVernonbackedawayseveralpaces,draggingAuntPetunia.Thismadethedriverwhowasfollowingherbrakehard.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimandshewasholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownforward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindscreenandlandedontheroad.Alorry-driverwasdrawingupalongsidethecar.Hesawacakeflyingthroughtheairandpulledupallofasudden.Thismadethedriverfollowingherbrakehard.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Withshethrownforward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindscreenandlandedontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheair,alorry-driverwhowasdrawingupalongsidethecar,pulledupallofasudden.3.介词及副词1)走上楼并进入房间2）从田里归来3）一声大喊从墙后传出4）瓶子滑落到地上5）她跳出来扑到我身上6）一枚硬币掉到井里不见了7）他踩到一块冰上滑到了第二部分：词汇层面的中英思维转换一.词汇的个性化——换词库[conj]Assoonas themomentbeabouttojustasattheverymomentthatNotonly...butalso notonly...butaswell/aswellasthoughsothatbecausebutSooneverybodygotusedtotheidea,butmyenthusiasmwaned.Sooneverybodygotusedtotheidea.However,myenthusiasmwaned.OneofMary'sprizepossessionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusbandhadgivenher,butoneevening,theIambwasmissing.OneofMary'sprizepossessionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusbandhadgivenher.Oneevening,however,thelambwasmissing.Duringthesummermonths,themonasteryisverybusy,butinwinter,lifeatthemonasteryisquitedifferent.Duringthesummermonths,themonasteryisverybusy,Inwinter,however,lifeatthemonasteryisquitedifferent.Allthecattlehadbeenmovedintostallsandwestoodtoloselittle,butwewereworriedaboutournearestneighbors.Allthecattlehadbeenmovedintostallsandwestoodtoloselittle.Wewere,however,worriedaboutournearestneighborsMostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossibletoerase.Atthesametime,however,insectsarestrangelyfascinating.so+adjthatModalVerbMustbe beboundtoeg.Thecomingofautomationisboundtohaveimportantsocialconsequencecannotbe It'simpossiblethat...sbcandosth sbneverfailtodosth.[adj][adv].without---independentofeg.Idosomefurtherresearchwithouttheprofessor'sinstruction..many agood/greatmanymanyaa(large)numberofnumerous/countless acoupleofadozenofseveraldozensoftensofhundredsofthousandsoftensofthousandsofhundredsofthousandsofmuch agood/greatdeal untold/infinitemostofus——the(vast)majorityofpeoplemorethan well/far/littlemorethanmoreandmore increasinglymore/lessthemost令Ifitisnot,andyouarelikelytogetsea-sick,noformoftransportcouldbeworse.令Butnothingcanmatchthemforspeedandcomfort.令Nothingcanbecompared,hemaintains,withthefirstcockcrow,thetwitteringofbirdsatdawn,thesightoftherisingsunglintingonthetreesandpastures.令Fewthingscouldbemoreimpressivethanthepeacethatdescendsondesertedcitystreetsatweek-ends令Nocreaturehasreceivedmorepraiseandabusethanthecommongardensnail.sthisveryimportant sthissignificant sthisofgreatimportance/significancevery extraordinarily^exceptionally卜©remarkably/particularly©extremely/infinitely/endlessly quite/fairlyratherpretty/perfectly时间频率副词neverseldom/rarely/hardly/barely/scarcelysometimes---occasionallyoften---frequentlyusually---continuallyalways---invariablyAdv的替换Below,thecaptainrealizedthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly.Theteacherwentthroughmybag.Theteacherpouncedonthepieceofpaperfullofwords.Theteacherquestionedme.TheOfficerwentthroughthecasecarefully.AllthethingsIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.Tomydismay,IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethecaseagain.Suddenly,Hehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitdelightedly.参考答案：TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.AllthethingsIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.Tomydismay,IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethecaseagain.Suddenly,Hehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitwithdelight.[Verb]Wantto tendto/wishto[good]intendtomanagetogetroundtotrytodo exertoneselftodotryone'sbesttodo exertone'sutmosttodoexerteverypossibleefforttodoIthinkthat Iholdtheviewthat...Fmconvincedthat...Sbthinkthat sbunderthedelusion/illusionthat...formanunrealisticpictureof...Sb.claim/assumethat...It'shadbeensaidthat....dislike----sthneverappealtome--一despisehappy——go/run/fly/burstintorapturesinfluence--benefit© affect®have have-・・・boast/enjoy©-一sufferfrom®bear[feeling/view]-一cherish[wish]・・・exert[influence] possess!talent/gift1二词汇的多样化（一）经典例子分析Wehaveallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoeswrong.Adaymaybeginwellenough,butsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetoutofcontrol.Whatinvariablyhappensisthatagreatnumberofthingschoosetogowrongatpreciselythesamemoment.Itisasifasingleunimportanteventsetupachainofreactions.LetussupposethatyouarepreparingamealandkeepinganeyeonthebabyThetelephoneringsandthismarksthepreludetoanunforeseenseriesofcatastrophes.youareonthephone,thebabypullsthetable-clothoffthetablesmashinghalfyourbestcrockeryandcuttinghimself Youhanguphurriedlyandattendtobaby,crockery,etc.,themealgetsburnt.Asifthiswerenotenoughtoreduceyoutotears,yourhusbandarrives,unexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.L33Youcanstretchyourlegsonthespaciousdecks,playgames,swim,meetinterestingpeopleandenjoygoodfood-alwaysassuming,ofcourse,thattheseaiscalm.Ifitisnot,andyouarelikelytogetsea-sick,noformoftransportcouldbeworse.Evenifyoutravel,seajourneystakealongtime.Shopscaterforthedo-it-yourselfcrazenotonlybyspecialadvisoryservicesfornovices,butbyconsumersbitsandpieceswhichtheycanassembleathome.Suchthingsanexcellentoutletfbrpent-upcreativeenergy,butunfortunatelynotallofusarebomhandymen.Duringtherushhouroneeveningtwocarscollidedandbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewomanimmediatelybehindthetwocarshappenedtobealearner.Shesuddenlygotintoapanicandhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingher ,Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownforward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindscreenandlandedontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheair,alorry-driverwhowasalongsidethecarallofasudden.Thelorrywasloadedwithemptybeerbottlesandhundredsofthemslidoffthebackofthevehicleandontotheroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhile,thetrafficbehind.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttothetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedforNewYorkfromSouthamptononApril10th,1912.Shewascarrying1316passengersandacrewof891.Evenbymodernstandards,the46,000tonTitanicwasacolossalship.Atthattime,however,shewasnotonlythelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuilt,butwasregardedasunsinkable,forshehadsixteenwater-tightcompartments.Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Father,ofcourse,providesaregularsupplyofpocket-money,butunclesandauntsarealwaysasourceofextraincome.Ifyoucandowithoutthefewpastoralpleasuresofthecountry,youwillfindthecitycanprovideyouwiththebestthatlifecanoffer.Robertwastoseemeandequallywithmylittlegift.Heisforeverthefriendlypeople,thecleanatmosphere,theclosenesstonatureandthegentlepaceofliving.Nothingcanbecompared,hewiththefirstcockcrow,thetwitteringofbirdsatdawn,thesightoftherisingsunglintingonthetreesandpastures.Myfriendthelongandfriendlesswintereveningswhichareinterruptedonlybyanoccasionalvisittothelocalcinema-virtuallytheonlyformofentertainment.Hethepoorselectionofgoodsintheshops,oraboutthoseunfortunatepeoplewhohavetotravelfromthecountrytothecityeverydaytogettowork.Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomofthecave.Theyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewater.Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsoundwhichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwater-spoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave.Thestoryofafamilythatacquiredfameandfortuneovernight,dramaticallyillustratesthepowerofthepress.ThefamilylivedinAberdeen,asmalltownof23,000inhabitantsinSouthDakota.Astheparentshadfivechildren,lifewasTheywereexpectingtheirsixthchildand.Iftheyhadonlyhadonemorechild,thefactwouldhavepassedunnoticed.TheywouldhavecontinuedtoandwouldhaveButtheysuddenlybecametheparentsofquintuplets,fourgirlsandaboy,aneventwhichradicallychangedtheirlives.Thedayafterthebirthofthefivechildren,anaeroplanearrivedinAberdeenbringingsixtyreportersandphotographers.Knowingthattheindustriousantlivesinahighlyorganizedsocietydoesnothingtopreventusfrombeingfilledwithrevulsionwhenwefindhordesofthemcrawlingoveracarefullypreparedpicniclunch....Whohasnotstoodinaweatthesightofaspiderpouncingonafly,oracolumnofantstriumphantlybearinghomeanenormousdeadbeetle?...LastsummerIspentdaysinthegardenwatchingthousandsofantscrawlingupthetrunkofmyprizepeachtree....Duringthesummer,Inoticedthattheleavesofthetreewerebeginningtowither.Clustersoftinyinsectscalledaphidesweretobefoundontheundersideoftheleaves.Theywerevisitedbyacolonyofantswhichobtainedasortofhoneyfromthem.参考答案：Wehaveallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoeswrong.Adaymaybeginwellenough,butsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetoutofcontrol.Whatinvariablyhappensisthatagreatnumberofthingschoosetogowrongatpreciselythesamemoment.Itisasifasingleunimportanteventsetupachainofreactions.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealandkeepinganeyeonthebabyatthesametime.Thetelephoneringsandthismarksthepreludetoanunforeseenseriesofcatastrophes.Whileyouareonthephone,thebabypullsthetable-clothoffthetablesmashinghalfyourbestcrockeryandcuttinghimselfintheprocess.Youhanguphurriedlyandattendtobaby,crockery,etc.Meanwhile,themealgetsburnt.Asifthiswerenotenoughtoreduceyoutotears,yourhusbandarrives,unexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.L33Youcanstretchyourlegsonthespaciousdecks,playgames,swim,meetinterestingpeopleandenjoygoodfood-alwaysassuming,ofcourse,thattheseaiscalm.Ifitisnot,andyouarelikelytogetsea-sick,noformoftransportcouldbeworse.Evenifyoutravelinidealweather,seajourneystakealongtime.Shopscaterforthedo-it-yourselfcrazenotonlybyrunningspecialadvisoryservicesfornovices,butbyofferingconsumersbitsandpieceswhichtheycanassembleathome.Suchthingsprovideanexcellentoutletforpent-upcreativeenergy,butunfortunatelynotallofusarebornhandymen.Duringtherushhouroneeveningtwocarscollidedandbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewomanimmediatelybehindthetwocarshappenedtobealearner.Shesuddenlygotintoapanicandstoppedhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingherbrakehard.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownforward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindscreenandlandedontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheair,alorry-driverwhowasdrawingupalongsidethecarpulledupallofasudden.Thelorrywasloadedwithemptybeerbottlesandhundredsofthemslidoffthebackofthevehicleandontotheroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhile,thetrafficpiledupbehind.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedforNewYorkfromSouthamptononApril10th,1912.Shewascarrying1316passengersandacrewof891.Evenbymodernstandards,the46,(X)0tonTitanicwasacolossalship.Atthattime,however,shewasnotonlythelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuilt,butwasregardedasunsinkable,forshehadsixteenwater-tightcompartments.Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Father,ofcourse,providesaregularsupplyofpocket-money,butunclesandauntsarealwaysasourceofextraincome.Ifyoucandowithoutthefewpastoralpleasuresofthecountry,youwillfindthecitycanprovideyouwiththebestthatlifecanoffer.Robertwasdelightedtoseemeandequallypleasedwithmylittlegift.Heisforevertalkingaboutthefriendlypeople,thecleanatmosphere,theclosenesstonatureandthegentlepaceofliving.Nothingcanbecompared,hemaintains,withthefirstcockcrow,thetwitteringofbirdsatdawn,thesightoftherisingsunglintingonthetreesandpastures.Myfriendfailstomentionthelongandfriendlesswintereveningswhichareinterruptedonlybyanoccasionalvisittothelocalcinema-virtuallytheonlyformofentertainment.Hesaysnothingaboutthepoorselectionofgoodsintheshops,oraboutthoseunfortunatepeoplewhohavetotravelfromthecountrytothecityeverydaytogettowork.Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomofthecave.Theyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewaler.Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsoundwhichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwater-spoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave.Thestoryofapoorfamilythatacquiredfameandfortuneovernight,dramaticallyillustratesthepowerofthepress.ThefamilylivedinAberdeen,asmalltownof23,000inhabitantsinSouthDakota.Astheparentshadfivechildren,lifewasaperpetualstruggleagainstpoverty.Theywereexpectingtheirsixthchildandfacedwithevenmorepressingeconomicproblems.Iftheyhadonlyhadonemorechild,thefactwouldhavepassedunnoticed.Theywouldhavecontinued