(通用版)高考英语三轮冲刺专题强化练(三)　阅读理解 (含解析)

专题强化练(三)阅读理解第一组A主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/3

I’dbeenaphotographerfor20years,butIfoundanewpathwhenIwasaskedtophotographadoctorperformingaspineprocedure(脊椎手术).Whenthedoctorsaid,“Here,takeapictureofthis.”Therebeforemewasthespine.Irealizedthespine,whichhadneverseenlightandwasn’tmeanttoseelight,wasbathedinlightatthatmoment.Iwasinawe(敬畏).IknewrightthenthatthiswaswhereIwantedtospendtherestofmylife.Icouldbecomeadoctormyself.IceasedreceivingcallswhileIwastrainingtobeadoctor.Ioftenworkednearlyahundredhoursaweek.Evenmymomstoppedcallingme.Iusedmyphoneonlyformedicalpurposes.Thenonedaymycellphonerang.Ididn’trecognizethenumber,butthecallwasfromWashington,D.C.Thiscall,Ithought,mustbeimportant.“Yes?”Iwhisperedinthehallway.“Hey,Max,”thevoicerose.“It’sTodd.”ToddJamesisaphotoeditoratNationalGeographic.Ihadn’tspokentohimin10years,certainlynotsinceI’dleftphotographytobecomeadoctor.“I’vegotajobforyou.”Hewantedtosendmeallovertheworldtoshootstemcell(干细胞)research.“But...,”ItoldTodd.“I’vegotpatientsI’vegottoseerightnow.I’llcallyouback.”ThatafternoonIranintothedirectorofmyprogram.Aftertalkingwithhim,IcalledToddrightaway.HefiguredIcoulddothestoryin23days—13shootsin13countries.Whileshootingthestemcellresearch,Iwonderedwhattospecializein.ThenIrealizedthatbeingaphotographerisseriousbusiness,butIhad20yearsofexperiencedoingit.Iwasamaster.However,itwouldtake20moreyearsbeforeIhadthemasteryIneededtohaveasadoctor.Ifinallymadethedecision.【语篇解读】作者离开摄影行业成为一名医生。在接到《国家地理》杂志图片编辑的邀请电话后,考虑到自己有20多年的摄影经验,作者决定重返这个行业。1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“ceased”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Stopped.B.Minded.C.Liked.D.Admitted.答案A解析词义猜测题。由下文内容“Ioftenworkednearlyahundredhoursaweek.Evenmymomstoppedcallingme.Iusedmyphoneonlyformedicalpurposes.”可知,作者在培训当医生的时候,停止接电话了。2.WhydidToddcalltheauthor?A.Tolookformedicalhelp.B.Toseekadvicefromtheauthor.C.Toencouragetheauthortodoresearch.D.Toasktheauthortophotographagain.答案D解析细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知,Todd给作者打电话的目的是让他再次从事摄影。3.Whatdecisiondidtheauthormakefinally?A.Returningtophotography.B.Tryingtobeamasterdoctor.C.Takinglotsofphotosofdoctors.D.Improvinghisphotographicskills.答案A解析细节理解题。由最后一段最后三句可知,作者最终意识到他很精通摄影,但他还需要20年的时间才能掌握作为一名医生所需要的技能,所以作者最终决定重返摄影行业。B主题语境:人与社会——历史典故建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/4

Moolah.Benjamins.Stacks.Bigones.Cheddar.WehavealotoftermsformoneyintheU.S.Whilethemeaningbehindsomeofthesetermsmayseemobvious,it’slessintuitiveforothers.“Bucks”isoneexampleofthelatter.Sowhydowecalldollars“bucks”?Awidelyheldbeliefinvolvestheuseoftheword“buck”tomean“amaleanimal;especially,amaledeerorantelope.”Backinthe18thcentury,EuropeansettlersandNativeAmericansoftentradedbuckskins,ordeerskins,asaformofcurrency.Oneoftheearliestreferencestobucksascurrencyisa1748journalentryfromConradWeiser,aPennsylvaniaDutchpioneer,interpreteranddiplomat.Inhisjournal,hedescribedtherateforacaskofwhiskeyas“5bucks,”reportedlyinreferencetodeerskins.Thejournalalsocitedamanwhowas“robbedofthevalueof300bucks.”Apopulartheoryrelatestheterm“buck”totheuseofdeerskinsasacommodity(货物)ofexchange.Onedeerskinwasn’tnecessarilytheequivalentofone“buck,”asvariousfactorscoulddeterminethevalue,likethesize,quality,ageofthedeerandmore.OfficialU.S.dollarsweren’tminteduntilseveraldecadesafterWeiser’sjournalentries,butitappearsbuckskinsandthewordbuckstuckaroundinthecurrencyarena.Yetanothertheoryrelates“buck”tothegameofpoker.Aknifewithabuckhornhandleinthe19thcenturyAmericanfrontier,waspassedaroundtoindicatewhoseturnitwastodeal.Manybelievethebuckhornhandledknifeinpokeristhesourceofthephrase“passthebuck,”whichmeanstoshifttheresponsibilityforsomethingtosomeoneelse.Theideaisthataplayerwhodidnotwanttobethedealercouldpassthebuckhornknife,thatis“passthebuck,”andmakethenextplayertakeuptheresponsibilityofdealing.Clearly,there’snostrongagreementontheoriginoftheword“buck”fordollar,butmostofuscanprobablyagreethatitmightbenicetohaveafewmoreinourbankaccounts.【语篇解读】人们有时候也将美元叫做buck,但许多人并不知道关于这种用法在历史上是有许多理论依据的。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intuitive”inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A.Clear. B.Major.C.Cheap. D.Meaningful.答案A解析词义猜测题。由前面句中的While和obvious可知,此处应表示虽然一些术语背后的意义很明显,但其他的术语却没有这么“清楚的”意思。5.Accordingtothetext,ConradWeiserwasthefirstto.

A.workasaninterpreterB.berobbedofbucksC.writeajournalentryD.refertobucksascurrency答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段第三句可知,ConradWeiser是第一个把buck作为货币的人。6.WhendidofficialU.S.dollarscomeintouse?A.Intheyear1748.B.Decadesafter1748.C.BeforeWeiserwrotehisjournalentry.D.AssoonasWeiserwrotehisjournalentry.答案B解析细节理解题。由第三段最后一句中的“untilseveraldecadesafterWeiser’sjournalentries”可知,美元是在Weiser完成日记账之后几十年才被制造出来。7.Inthe19thcentury,whoisthedealerinthegameofpoker?A.Anyonewhoplayedthegame.B.Anyonewhopassedthebuckon.C.Thepersonwhogotthebuckhornknife.D.Thepersonwhowonthegameatlast.答案C解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的第二句可知,在19世纪,人们在玩纸牌游戏时拿到鹿角柄的就是发牌员。此题易误选B项。当时人们在玩纸牌时,带有鹿角柄的刀子会在人们之间传递,当刀子传递给一个人时也就意味着把责任传递给他,因此拿到这把刀子的人才是发牌员。C主题语境:人与社会——名人传记建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/4

Bornin1928inNanjing,Jiangsu,YuGuangzhong,whospenthisyoungerdaysontheChinesemainlandbeforemovingtoTaiwaninhis20s,passedawayonDec14,2017.Nostalgia(乡愁)—whichYuwroteinhis40stovoicehishomesicknessforhischildhoodmotherland—becamehismostwell-knownwork,sinceitresonated(共鸣)withmanywhowerefarawayfromhome.ThepoemappearedinChineseschooltextbooksandwasadaptedintosongs.However,thefactthatNostalgiabecamesofamousalsodisturbedYubecauseamongtheover1,000poemsthathe’dwritten,Nostalgiaseemedtobetheonlyonethatthepublicevertalkedaboutandappreciated.“I’dliketothinkofNostalgiaasmybusinesscard,butunfortunatelyitgottoobigthatitkeptpeoplefromseeingtherealme,”Yuoncesaid,accordingtoChinaYouthDaily.Indeed,writingpoemsisonlyoneofYu’smanytalents.GreatChinesewriterLiangShiqiu(1903-1987)oncespokeofYu,“Hewritespoemswithhisrighthandandproses(散文)withhisleft.Thereishardlyanyonewhomatcheshisachievementsatthetime.”Yuwasalsoatranslator.YuspokeFrench,German,Spanish,ItalianandRussian,andpublished13translationcollections.Andheusedhistalentswell.Hespenthiswholelifeworking,eveninhis80s.YusaidinOctoberthatwheneverpeopleaskedwhetherhestillkeptthehabitofwritingup,hewouldalwaysanswer,“Whydon’tyouaskmeifI’mstillbreathing?”Tohim,writingwasaninseparable(不可分割的)partoflifethatshouldn’tbeaffectedbyageoranythingelse.NowthatYuhastakenhislastbreath,hiswritingcareerhasfinallybeenputtorest.Butthemanybookshewroteandtranslatedwillcontinuetocarrythenostalgiapeoplehaveforhim.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了著名诗人余光中的生平和他的成就。8.HowoldwasYuGuangzhongwhenhedied?A.86. B.87.C.88. D.89.答案D解析细节理解题。由第一段第一句“Bornin1928inNanjing...his20s,passedawayonDec14,2017.”可知,余光中去世时,享年89岁。故选D项。9.HowdidLiangShiqiulikeYuGuangzhong?A.HespokehardlyofYuGuangzhong.B.HethoughthighlyofYuGuangzhong.C.HewasindifferenttoYuGuangzhong.D.HewasveryfriendlytoYuGuangzhong.答案B解析细节理解题。由第四段梁实秋的话“Hewritespoemswithhisrighthandandproses(散文)withhisleft.Thereishardlyanyonewhomatcheshisachievementsatthetime.”可知,梁实秋对余光中给予很高的评价。故选B项。10.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotdescribeYuGuangzhong?A.Apoet. B.Awriter.C.Athinker. D.Atranslator.答案C解析细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知,余光中是诗人;由第五段第一句“Yuwasalsoatranslator.”可知,余光中是翻译家;由最后一段第二句可知,余光中还是一名作家。故选C项。11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Nostalgiaisimportantforhiminhislife.B.Writingisasimportantastranslation.C.Writingisthemostimportantpartinhislife.D.Histalentsarethemostimportantinhiswriting.答案C解析推理判断题。由第六段第二句及第七段“Tohim,writingwasaninseparable(不可分割的)partoflifethatshouldn’tbeaffectedbyageoranythingelse.”和最后一段第一句中的“hiswritingcareerhasfinallybeenputtorest”可知,对余老来说,写作是他的生命中最重要的。故选C项。D主题语境:人与自然——宇宙探索建议用时:7’实际用时:正答率:/4

Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(颗粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean,Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.【语篇解读】科学家们发现了他们认为是去年坠落地球的流星的碎片。这些物体是在美国太平洋沿岸发现的。12.WhatisthecurrentgoalofthecrewoftheOceanExplorationTrust?A.Torecovertherockparticles.B.Toobservemovementsoftheuniverse.C.Tostudyunexploredplacesoftheocean.D.Toexaminecreaturesoftheexploredocean.答案C解析细节理解题。由第二段第三句可知,theOceanExplorationTrust的船员目前的目标是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故选C项。13.Whatmainlycausedthestartofthesearchinthesea?A.Somepiecesofameteor.B.Businessvalueofmeteors.C.Plentyofnaturalresources.D.Thebrainstormofresearchers.答案A解析推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知,一颗流星的碎片导致了在海中搜索的开始。故选A项。14.Whydothescientistsprefertosearchformeteorsintheocean?A.Theycanfindmeteorsmoreeasily.B.Theymayfindbiggerrockparticles.C.Theyliketoexplorestrangeseaareas.D.Theyhavebettersubmarineequipment.答案B解析推理判断题。由第四段第三句可知,科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。故选B项。15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Offercluesforthesearch.B.Givereasonstosupportaguess.C.Stresstheimportanceoftheevent.D.Describetheprocessofthesearch.答案B解析推理判断题。由最后一段第一句可知,从海底发现的物体可能来自最近的爆炸,主要有两个原因。作者在最后一段是想给出支持猜测的理由。故选B项。第二组A主题语境:人与社会——特色餐厅建议用时:4’实际用时:正答率:/3

Doyouwanttogoouttoeatwithyourkids?HerearesomerestaurantsthataregoodforkidsindowntownLosAngeles.GrandCafeTel:(213)356-4155Doyouneedaplacethatopensasearlyasyourkidswakeup?ThengotoGrandCafe.Familiescanorderbreakfastoffthemenuorenjoythebuffet.Becauseofthevariety,buffetsseemtobeaneasyoptionforfamilieswithpickyeaters.Therearemanyoptionsforthedifferentmoodsofallfamilymembers.NickelDinerTel:(213)623-8301NickelDinerwaslistedinLosAngelesmagazineasoneof“LA’sBestNewRestaurants”.Thespaceissmall,butthemenuiswonderfullylarge.Theatmosphereisquietandrelaxed,whichmakesiteasytobringthekids.OneofthemostattractivethingsaboutNickelDinerisitsuniquemenuofbreakfastfoods.KulaTel:(213)290-9631Kulaisanexcitingsushibarandisabighitforlittlesushieaters.Kula’sconceptincludesproviding“ahighstandardofnaturalorganicfoods”andtheyuse100%organicrice.Ifyourchildisnotasushieater,therearealsomanyotheroptions.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章推荐了几个适合带着孩子就餐的餐厅。1.WhowouldmostprobablygotoeatatGrandCafe?A.Peoplewholoveorganicfoods.B.Peoplewhowanttoplaywhileeating.C.Peoplewhowanttoservethemselvesinarestaurant.D.Peoplewholoveaquieteatingenvironment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据GrandCafe中的“Becauseofthevariety...moodsofallfamilymembers.”可知,由于多样性,自助餐似乎对有挑食的人的家庭是一个简单的选择。对于所有家庭成员的不同情绪,有许多选择。故想要在餐馆里吃自助餐的人最有可能去GrandCafe馆吃饭,选C项。2.WhyisNickelDineragoodplacetobringkids?A.Becauseitoffersalotofoptions.B.Becauseitsatmosphereissuitableforkids.C.Becauseitopensasearlyaskidswakeup.D.Becauseitservesspecialsandwiches答案B解析细节理解题。根据NickelDiner中的“Theatmosphereisquietandrelaxed,whichmakesiteasytobringthekids.”可知,NickelDiner之所以是带孩子来的好地方是因为它的氛围适合孩子们。故选B项。3.WhichofthefollowingaspectsofKulaismostattractivetoeaters?A.Itoffersveryhealthyfoods.B.Ithasmanyotheroptions.C.Itoffersdifferentkindsofrice.D.Itallowskidstorunaround.答案A解析细节理解题。根据Kula中的“Kula’sconceptincludesproviding‘ahighstandardofnaturalorganicfoods’andtheyuse100%organicrice.”可知,Kula的理念包括提供“高标准的天然有机食品”,他们使用100%的有机大米。故Kula最吸引食客的是它提供非常健康的食物,选A项。B主题语境:人与社会——助人为乐建议用时:7’实际用时:正答率:/4

WhenRandyHeisswenthikingbehindhisPatagonia,Arizona,thelastthingheexpectedtofindwasaChristmaslistfromalittlegirlacrosstheUS-Mexicoborder.“IfoundthisballoononmymorningwalknearPatagoniaonSunday.AttachedtoitwasapieceofpaperwiththeChristmaswishesfromalittlegirl,”HeisswroteonhisFacebookpage.Whenhebroughtthelisthometohiswife,whospeaksfluentSpanish,theydeterminedthatthelittlegirlhadaskedforEnchantimalstoys,clothes,artsuppliesandvariousothergifts.That’swhenHeisssetouttomakethelittlegirl’sChristmasdreamscometrue.HeisssaidhehadattemptedtosendChristmasletterstoSantaClausviaballoonwhenhewasakidbutneverreceivedaresponse.HeisssentaFacebookmessageonWednesdaytoXENY,aradiostationinNogales,toseeifitcouldhelphimtrackdownthegirlorherfamily.Helaterreceivedaresponsefromthestation,whichhaddeterminedtheauthoroftheletterwasan8-year-oldgirlnamedDayami,andthestationwantedtosetupameetingbetweenthetwoonThursday.“Itjustchangedmyentireday,”HeisstoldtheWashingtonPost.“InsteadofgoingbacktomyofficeinBisbee,IwentwithmywifetoWalmart.”ThecoupleboughtalmosteverythingonDayami’slist.TheyalsobroughtafewgiftsforDayami’slittlesister,Ximena.Theytoldthechildrentheywere“ayudantesdeSanta,”orSanta’shelpers.Heiss,60,saidtheexperiencewasveryhealingforhimandhiswife.Nineyearsago,thecouple’sonlysondied.“BeingaroundchildrenatChristmastimehasbeenabsentinourlives,”Heisssaid.Wenowhavefriendsforlife.Foraday,thatborderfencewithitsconcertinawiremeltedaway.【语篇解读】RandyHeiss在亚利桑那州巴塔哥尼亚散步时,意外收到了来自边境的一个小女孩通过气球发来的圣诞礼物清单。4.HowdidDayamisendoutherChristmaswishes?A.BycallingHeiss.B.Byattachingthemtoaballoon.C.Bywritingtoaradiostation.D.BysendingaFacebookmessage.答案B解析细节理解题。由第一段“IfoundthisballoononmymorningwalknearPatagoniaonSunday.AttachedtoitwasapieceofpaperwiththeChristmaswishesfromalittlegirl”及下文可知小女孩就是Dayami,她是通过把愿望绑在气球上发送圣诞愿望的。故选B项。5.WhendidHeissknowwhatthegirlexactlywanted?A.Afterthehelpofhiswife.B.Whenhefoundtheballoon.C.AftertheirmeetinginAmerica.D.Whenhegotaresponsefromtheradiostation.答案A解析细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知,他是通过妻子的帮助知道女孩到底想要什么的。故选A项。6.WhatmightmakeHeissdecidetofulfillthelittlegirl’sChristmaswishes?A.Hisson’swill.B.Thegirlsrequestforhelp.C.Hissimilarunsuccessfulexperience.D.Hisdesiretomakefriendswiththegirl.答案C解析推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知,他小时候有和女孩相似的但不成功的经历,因此他决定帮助女孩实现愿望。故选C项。7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thecouplegotoutofthepaincompletely.B.Theexperiencewasagreatrelieftothecouple.C.ThecouplewouldhelpmorechildrenfromMexico.D.Therewillbenoborderbetweencountriesoneday.答案B解析推理判断题。由最后一段第一句可知,这段经历对Heiss和他的妻子来说是非常治愈的。因为他们九年前失去了唯一的儿子,因此这次经历对他们来说是一种很大的安慰。故选B项。C主题语境:人与社会——艺术家建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/4

FuYiyao,oneofChina’sleadinginkwashpainters,releasedhernewbookonDecember6inShanghai.Fufollowedthewordsofherfather,FuBaoshi(1904-1965),whowastherepresentativelandscapepainterofhistime,tostudyChineselanguageincollege.Shesetfootinpaintingcirclesduetoherstrongattachment(依恋)totheartandsincebecameanoutstandingpainter.In1979,Fuwasoneofthefirstbatch(批)ofoverseasstudentssenttoJapanafterthecountrycarriedoutitsreformandopeninguppolicy.Shewasfamousforlarge-scaleinkwashpaintingandheldmanyexhibitionsaroundtheworld,helpingpromoteChinesepaintingworldwide.Fusaidthatheroriginaldreamwastobecomeanactress,butherfatherthoughtthatliteratureplaysanimportantroleinone’sgrowthandisalsoaqualification(资格)tostartpainting.Later,Fugraduallyunderstoodherfather’sdeeploveforher.AfterlivinginJapanfor40years,Fusaidshegenuinelyunderstandsthesuperiorityofhermotherland’scultureandshewillconstantlypromotetheartofinkwashpainting.Shebelievesthatshehasobeyedbyherfather’swishes.Speakingofheroriginalintentionofcreatingherbook,Fusaid,“Itisnotapureautobiography(自传)forIhavesharedmyreflectionsonlifeandartinanewform.”Meanwhile,thebookhasthreetypesofvisiontomeettheneedsofdifferentreaders.“IhavegotwhatIwantedintheprocessofstudyandcreation.Lovemayremainonlythreedays,butmyloveforChineseculturecanlastthousandsofyears,”Fuconcluded.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了中国水墨画家之一,著名水墨画家傅抱石的女儿傅益瑶的成长经历及成就。8.WhydidFuYiyaobecomeafamouspainter?A.Becauseherfatherwasapainter.B.Becauseshelistenedtoherfather.C.Becauseshewascrazyaboutart.D.Becauseshestudiedpaintingincollege.答案C解析细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知,傅益瑶痴迷于艺术是她成为杰出的画家的原因。故选C项。9.What’sFu’spurposeofholdingmanyexhibitionsaroundtheworld?A.Toearnmoremoneybyherpaintings.B.Tobefamousforlarge-scaleinkwashpainting.C.Tohelpmorepeoplewhoneedhelpallovertheworld.D.TomakepeopleallovertheworldgettoknowChinesepainting.答案D解析细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知,傅益瑶在世界各地举办了许多画展,其目的是在世界范围内推广中国绘画,也就是让世界各地的人来了解中国的绘画。故选D项。10.Whatdidherfatherthinkimportantinone’sgrowth?A.Literature. B.Painting.C.Friendship. D.Gift.答案A解析细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的“butherfatherthoughtthatliteratureplaysanimportantroleinone’sgrowth”可知,她的父亲认为文学在一个人的成长中是非常重要的。故选A项。11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Fulovespaintingverymuch.B.Fuloveshermotherlandverymuch.C.Fuloveshernewbookverymuch.D.FulovesChinesecultureverymuch.答案B解析推理判断题。由最后一段第二句中的“myloveforChineseculturecanlastthousandsofyears”可推知,傅益瑶是非常爱国的。故选B项。D主题语境:人与自然——环境保护建议用时:6’实际用时:正答率:/4

Expertspredicttheworldcouldrunoutofchocolatewithin40yearsbecausecacaoplantsarestrugglingtosurviveinwarmerclimates.Thetreescanonlygrowwithinabout20degreesnorthandsouthoftheEquator(赤道)—andtheygrowunderspecificconditionssuchashighhumidity(湿度)andabundantrain.Thatmeanscacaoproductionareasaresettobepushedthousandsoffeetuphillintomountainousareawhichiscarefullypreservedforwildlifeby2050.Lastyearexpertspredictedthattheworldwasheadingfora“chocolatedeficit(赤字)”asshoppersindevelopingcountriesrushedtobuymorechocolate.ThetypicalWesternconsumereatsanaverageof286chocolatebarsayear—moreiftheyarefromBelgium,accordingtotheresearch.Sincethe1990s,morethanabillionpeoplefromChina,Indonesia,India,BrazilandtheformerSovietUnionhaveenteredthemarketforcocoa.Despitetheincreaseddemand,supplyhasnotkeptupandstoresofcocoaaresaidtobefalling.DougHawkins,fromLondon-basedresearchfirmHardmanAgribusiness,saidproductionofcocoaisunderstrain(面临压力)asfarmingmethodshavenotchangedforhundredsofyears.Somereportssuggestcocoagrowersintheworld’stopproducercountry,IvoryCoast,haveturnedtoillegallyfarmingprotectedforeststomeetdemand—whatMr.Hawkinscalls“destructionbychocolate”.【语篇解读】有关专家预测由于全球气候变暖,可可树将难以生存,因此巧克力将在40年之内绝迹。12.What’sthereasonthatchocolatecoulddisappearingwithin40years?A.Plentyofrain.B.Globalwarming.C.Morebadclimates.D.Peopleneedingmorechocolate.答案B解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“becausecacaoplantsarestrugglingtosurviveinwarmerclimates”可知,巧克力将在40年之内绝迹,原因是全球气候变暖。13.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtothegrowingconditionsofcacaoplants?A.Highwet.B.Enoughrain.C.Alotofsunlightandprotection.D.In20degreesnorthandsouthoftheEquator.答案C解析细节理解题。由第二段的“Thetreescanonlygrowwithinabout20degreesnorthandsouthoftheEquator”和“highhumidity(湿度)andabundantrain”可知,可可树种植区域仅限距离赤道南北纬约20度的狭窄的雨林,喜生在湿度大、雨量充足的环境。故选C项。14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto?A.Experts.B.Chocolatebars.C.Developingcountries.D.ThetypicalWesternconsumers.答案D解析词义猜测题。由本句的意思可知,they指上文的“典型西方国家的消费者”。故选D项。15.WhatdoesDougHawkinsthinkofproductionofcocoainhighdemand?A.Farmingmethodshaven’tchangedforhundredsofyears.B.Moreandmorepeoplelikeeatingchocolateproduction.C.Lessandlesspeopleplantcacaoplantsallovertheworld.D.Morepeoplefromdevelopingcountrieslikeeatingchocolateproduction.答案A解析细节理解题。由第六段中的“asfarmingmethodshavenotchangedforhundredsofyears”可知,道格·霍金斯认为可可产品供应紧张是因为可可树种植方法几百年来一成不变。故选A项。第三组A主题语境:人与自然——旅游建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/3

(2019四川眉山一诊)KhotynFortressBuiltinthe13th-14thcentury,itliesontherightbankoftheDniesterRiverinKhotyn,ofwesternUkraine.ItisalsointhehistoricalnorthernBessarabiaregionwhichwassplitin1940betweenUkraineandMoldova.AnditisneartotheOldKam’yanetsCastleofKamianets-Podilskyi,whichwasalsousedasafamousdefensivestructure.Itisconvenienttobookthehotelsnearbyitatlowprices,suchasPremierClub,ReikartzKamianets-Podilskyandsoon.Kamenets-PodolskCastleItliesintheKhmelntskyRegion,Ukraine.ThisarchitecturaltreasureisoverathousandyearsoldanditcanbefoundinthecatalogueoftheBritishNationalMuseum.Itsarchitecturewhichunitesbestwesternandeasterntraditionsfitsintothenatureperfectly.Thecastleconsistsofminaretbuildings,atownhall,anOrthodoxchurchandaPolishCatholicchurch.Itsbeautyhasbeenattractingtouristsfromallovertheworldformanyyears.VorontsovPalaceItisahistoricpalacelyingatthefootoftheCrimeanMountainsnearthetownofAlupkainCrimea,Ukraine.ItisoneoftheoldestandlargestpalacesinCrimea,andoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsonCrimea’ssoutherncoast.Theconstructionofthepalacebeganin1830,accordingtoaprojectbyEnglisharchitectEdwardBlore(1789-1879)anditwassupposedtobethepalaceforPrinceMikhailVorontsovtospendsummer.MetropolitanPalaceItwasbuiltbetweentheyears1864-1882accordingtothedesignsoftheCzecharchitectJosefHlávka.Thepalace,whosebuildingsarenowpartofChernivtsiUniversity,Ukraine,wasdeclaredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2011.【语篇解读】本文属于应用文,主要介绍了乌克兰境内的几处著名的城堡和宫殿。作者从它们的修建历史、地理位置以及特色等方面作了介绍。1.WhatcanweknowaboutKhotynFortress?A.Itservedasdefencework.B.Itisopentothepublicforfree.C.ItistheoldestbuildinginUkraine.D.Itwasdividedintotwopartsin1940.答案A解析细节理解题。由KhotynFortress部分的“AnditisneartotheOldKam’yanetsCastleofKamianets-Podilskyi,whichwasalsousedasafamousdefensivestructure.”可知,该城堡与OldKam’yanetsCastle临近,这个城堡也曾经被用作防御工事,由此推知,KhotynFortress过去是作防御工事用的,故选A项。2.Whichhastheshortesthistory?A.Kamenets-PodolskCastle.B.KhotynFortress.C.VorontsovPalace.D.MetropolitanPalace.答案D解析细节理解题。通过对比四个历史遗迹存在的时间长短可知,MetropolitanPalace修建于1864—1882年,比修建于1830年的VorontsovPalace还要晚,因此选D项。3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Atravelmagazine.B.Anarchitecturebrochure.C.Aresearchpaperonhistory.D.Ageographytextbook.答案A解析推理判断题。本文介绍了乌克兰境内的4个著名城堡和宫殿,谈到了它们的地理位置、悠久的历史以及建筑特色。特别是在介绍KhotynFortress时,作者还提到了该城堡附近的旅馆;在介绍Kamenets-PodolskCastle时,作者提到了该城堡每年吸引了众多旅游者;在介绍MetropolitanPalace时,作者提到了该宫殿是联合国教科文组织认定的世界遗产文化地。由此可知,这篇文章可能来自一本旅游杂志,故选A项。B主题语境:人与社会——著名建筑建议用时:7’实际用时:正答率:/4

(2019四川眉山一诊)ProfessorSunJun,aged93in2018,hasdevotedhislifetoworkingonChina’sgiantconstructionprojects,includingtheQinghai-Tibethighway,ThreeGorgesDam,andtheYangtzeRiverTunnel.Inhislatestproject,theTongjiUniversityacademicservedasasenioradviserontheconstructionoftheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.UndertheguidanceofSun,XuWei,aprofessorinTongjiandSun’sstudent,tookovertechnicalassistancefortheconstructionofthebridge.“EverytimeIsawSunandotherprofessorsworkingonthebridge,Ifeltatease,”saidLinMing,thegeneralprojectmanager.LininitiallyinvitedanexperiencedDutchcompanytoserveasthetechnicalassistantfortheproject.ThecompanywantedtochargeUS$171million.HethenaskedforhelpfromXualongwithexpertsinTongjiUniversity.ThemethodsdevelopedbyTongjiUniversityreducedtheimpactofthebridgeontheChinesewhitedolphin,whichisunderfirstclassstateprotection.Thekeychallengeduringtheconstructionofthebridgewasthe6.7-kmunderwatertunnel,theworld’slongestanddeepestunderseatunnel.DingWenqi,whowasnicknamedthe“tunnelexpert”,wasaskedtoensurethetubesbeconnectedperfectly—evenundertheinfluencesoflandsubsidence(下沉),waterpressureandtidemovement.HuXiangdong,anotherprofessorwithTongji,developedamethodtofreezetheeartharoundthetunneltopreventwaterleakageandlandsubsidenceduringthediggingofthemostchallenging2-kmsectionofthetunnel.ThetunnelsectionoftheprojectwascompletedinMay2017.Sunwasinvitedtovisitthenear-completedbridgeagaininFebruary2018.Theexpertsaidhefeltthemostrelaxedthistimesincemostofthechallengeshavebeenconquered.“Inthenextstep,weshouldfocusonhowtomakethetwoartificialislandsmorebeautifulandattracttravelers,”Sunsaid.Xu