环境专业英语 10 solid waste课件

SolidWasteUNIT10byHuangLeiHubeiUniversityofTechnologySolidWasteUNIT10byHuangLeiHumanactivitybasedontheexploitationofnaturalresourceshasgrowndramaticallyinrecentyears,providingasignificantimprovementinthelivingconditionsofmankind.Asaresultofthisactivity,thereisanincreasingproductionofwaste.Thesolutiontothisproblemisoneofthegreatestchallengesofhumanity.Humanactivitybasedontheex2Solidwastecanbeclassifiedindifferentways.Untilnowthemostcommonclassificationreferstoitsorigin,sodependingontheiroriginwefindmunicipalsolidwaste(producedinurbanareas)andontheotherhand,therestofwaste,includingindustrialwaste(fromindustrialactivity),agriculturalwaste,constructionwaste,etc.Solidwastecanbeclassified3MunicipalsolidwasteMunicipalsolidwaste4MunicipalsolidwasteMunicipalsolidwaste5IndustrialsolidwasteIndustrialsolidwaste6IndustrialsolidwasteIndustrialsolidwaste7Andaccordingtonewlegislationwasteisalsoclassifiedintwotypes:generalwasteandhazardouswaste.Andaccordingtonewlegislati8HazardouswasteCorrosiveacutetoxicityleachingtoxicityReactivityHigh-pollutingnuclearradioactiveHazardouswaste9SolidWasteRecyclablenon-recyclableSolidWasteRecyclable10环境专业英语10solidwaste课件11环境专业英语10solidwaste课件12环境专业英语10solidwaste课件13MunicipalSolidWasteMunicipalSolidWaste14环境专业英语10solidwaste课件15Chinaproduce108milliontonsofMSWin1996,0.3kg/p.d.,0.8-2.0kg/p.d.incitiesChinavolumeincreased8-10%peryearrecently,willdoublein7years2008年北京垃圾产生量为每天1.84万吨Chinaproduce108milliontons16WasteDisposalMethodTraditionalMethods(dumpingandburning)arenolongeraccepted.Essentially,fivetechniquesareused:LandfillsIncinerationSourcereductionCompostingRecyclingWasteDisposalMethodTradition173R:ReduceReuseRecycle3R:18LandfillAlandfillsiteisasiteforthedisposalofwastematerialsbyburialandistheoldestformofwastetreatment.Historically,landfillshavebeenthemostcommonmethodsoforganizedwastedisposalandremainsoinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.LandfillAlandfillsiteisas19环境专业英语10solidwaste课件20环境专业英语10solidwaste课件21环境专业英语10solidwaste课件22LandfillMunicipallandfilltypicallyadepressioninimpermeableclaylayer,linedwithimpermeablemembrane.（Traditionallybeenprimarymethodofwastedisposal:cheapandconvenient.）Largelandfillsoftenemploymethanegasandleachatedetectionsystems.Insomecases,methanecollectedandusedtogenerateelectricity.LandfillMunicipallandfilltyp23环境专业英语10solidwaste课件24OperationsTypically,innonhazardouswastelandfills,inordertomeetpredefinedspecifications,techniquesareappliedbywhichthewastesare:Confinedtoassmallanareaaspossible.Compactedtoreducetheirvolume.Covered(usuallydaily)withlayersofsoil.OperationsTypically,innonha25Duringlandfilloperationsthewastecollectionvehiclesareweighedataweighbridgeonarrivalandtheirloadisinspectedforwastesthatdonotaccordwiththelandfill’swasteacceptancecriteria.Afterward,thewastecollectionvehiclesusetheexistingroadnetworkontheirwaytothetippingfaceorworkingfrontwheretheyunloadtheircontents.Afterloadsaredeposited,compactorsorbulldozersareusedtospreadandcompactthewasteontheworkingface.Beforeleavingthelandfillboundaries,thewastecollectionvehiclespassthroughawheelcleaningfacility.Ifnecessary,theyreturntotheweighbridgeinordertobeweighedwithouttheirload.Throughtheweighingprocess,thedailyincomingwastetonnagecanbecalculatedandlistedindatabases.Inadditiontotrucks,somelandfillsmaybeequippedtohandlerailroadcontainers.Theuseof'rail-haul'permitslandfillstobelocatedatmoreremotesites,withouttheproblemsassociatedwithmanytrucktrips.Duringlandfilloperationsthe26Typically,intheworkingface,thecompactedwasteiscoveredwithsoildaily.Alternativewaste-covermaterialsareseveralsprayed-onfoamproductsandtemporaryblankets.Blanketscanbeliftedintoplacewithtrackedexcavatorsandthenremovedthefollowingdaypriortowasteplacement.Chippedwoodandchemically'fixed'bio-solidsmayalsobeusedasanalternatedailycover.Thespacethatisoccupieddailybythecompactedwasteandthecovermaterialiscalledadailycell.Wastecompactioniscriticaltoextendingthelifeofthelandfill.Factorssuchaswastecompressibility,wastelayerthicknessandthenumberofpassesofthecompactoroverthewasteaffectthewastedensities.Typically,intheworkingface27ImpactsImpacts28SolidWasteUNIT10byHuangLeiHubeiUniversityofTechnologySolidWasteUNIT10byHuangLeiHumanactivitybasedontheexploitationofnaturalresourceshasgrowndramaticallyinrecentyears,providingasignificantimprovementinthelivingconditionsofmankind.Asaresultofthisactivity,thereisanincreasingproductionofwaste.Thesolutiontothisproblemisoneofthegreatestchallengesofhumanity.Humanactivitybasedontheex30Solidwastecanbeclassifiedindifferentways.Untilnowthemostcommonclassificationreferstoitsorigin,sodependingontheiroriginwefindmunicipalsolidwaste(producedinurbanareas)andontheotherhand,therestofwaste,includingindustrialwaste(fromindustrialactivity),agriculturalwaste,constructionwaste,etc.Solidwastecanbeclassified31MunicipalsolidwasteMunicipalsolidwaste32MunicipalsolidwasteMunicipalsolidwaste33IndustrialsolidwasteIndustrialsolidwaste34IndustrialsolidwasteIndustrialsolidwaste35Andaccordingtonewlegislationwasteisalsoclassifiedintwotypes:generalwasteandhazardouswaste.Andaccordingtonewlegislati36HazardouswasteCorrosiveacutetoxicityleachingtoxicityReactivityHigh-pollutingnuclearradioactiveHazardouswaste37SolidWasteRecyclablenon-recyclableSolidWasteRecyclable38环境专业英语10solidwaste课件39环境专业英语10solidwaste课件40环境专业英语10solidwaste课件41MunicipalSolidWasteMunicipalSolidWaste42环境专业英语10solidwaste课件43Chinaproduce108milliontonsofMSWin1996,0.3kg/p.d.,0.8-2.0kg/p.d.incitiesChinavolumeincreased8-10%peryearrecently,willdoublein7years2008年北京垃圾产生量为每天1.84万吨Chinaproduce108milliontons44WasteDisposalMethodTraditionalMethods(dumpingandburning)arenolongeraccepted.Essentially,fivetechniquesareused:LandfillsIncinerationSourcereductionCompostingRecyclingWasteDisposalMethodTradition453R:ReduceReuseRecycle3R:46LandfillAlandfillsiteisasiteforthedisposalofwastematerialsbyburialandistheoldestformofwastetreatment.Historically,landfillshavebeenthemostcommonmethodsoforganizedwastedisposalandremainsoinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.LandfillAlandfillsiteisas47环境专业英语10solidwaste课件48环境专业英语10solidwaste课件49环境专业英语10solidwaste课件50LandfillMunicipallandfilltypicallyadepressioninimpermeableclaylayer,linedwithimpermeablemembrane.（Traditionallybeenprimarymethodofwastedisposal:cheapandconvenient.）Largelandfillsoftenemploymethanegasandleachatedetectionsystems.Insomecases,methanecollectedandusedtogenerateelectricity.LandfillMunicipallandfilltyp51环境专业英语10solidwaste课件52OperationsTypically,innonhazardouswastelandfills,inordertomeetpredefinedspecifications,techniquesareappliedbywhichthewastesare:Confinedtoassmallanareaaspossible.Compactedtoreducetheirvolume.Covered(usuallydaily)withlayersofsoil.OperationsTypically,innonha53Duringlandfilloperationsthewastecollectionvehiclesareweighedataweighbridgeonarrivalandtheirloadisinspectedforwastesthatdonotaccordwiththelandfill’swasteacceptancecriteria.Afterward,thewastecollectionvehiclesusetheexistingroadnetworkontheirwaytothetippingfaceorworkingfrontwheretheyunloadtheircontents.Afterloadsaredeposited,compactorsorbulldozersareusedtospreadandcompactthewasteontheworkingface.Beforeleavingthelandfillboundaries,thewastecollectionvehiclespassthroughawheelcleaningfacility.Ifnecessary,theyreturntotheweighbridgeinordertobeweighedwithouttheirload.Throughtheweighingprocess,thedailyincomingwastetonnagecanbecalculatedandlistedindatabases.Inadditiontotrucks,somelandfills