综合质检作业

巴黎Paris.一座坐完美和激情相融合的都市Acityofperfectionandpassionand,在它的边界上onitsborder,一座宫殿有着隐秘谜不为人知的秘密apalacefilledwithsecretsdarkandstrange.命运多舛的玛丽安·托瓦内特的绝密书信…Theencryptedlettersoftheill-fatedMarieAntoinette…火枪手们的致命绝技…thedeadlyskillsofthemusketeers...暗杀武器的制作过程andtheinventionofanassassinationmachine.秘密就隐藏在眼前…Secretshiddeninplainsight…尽在凡尔赛宫城堡insidetheChateauofVersailles.每年Everyyear,巴黎郊区ontheoutskirtsofParis,均有上千万的游客涌至曾为tenmillionvisitorsflocktoamuseum曾为皇家宫殿的博物馆:凡尔赛thatwasoncearoyalpalace:Versailles.在这些房间里Intheserooms,曾统治法国和欧洲大部分国家的君主kingsruledFranceandmuchofEurope…都自称君权神授，来降服臣民。byconvincingtheirsubjectstheywereappointedbygod.可称为剧院的It’satheatre,凡尔赛宫Versailles.它是君主彰显自己独特个性It’saplaceforpermanentshow和皇室权力的恒久秀场bythekingofhisuniquepersonaandpower.从1682年”太阳王”路易十四占有此宫Fromthearrivalofthe“SunKing”LouistheFourteenthin1682,直到17891879年法国大革命打响之前untilthebeginningoftheFrenchRevolutionin1789,凡尔赛都是整个国家的中心Versailleswastheepicentreofthenation.在这里Here,法国君主珍藏了无数稀世珍宝themonarchsofFrancecommissionedexquisitetreasures…生出了美丽的子嗣后裔madebeautifulbabies…并开始了血腥战争andstartedbloodywars.这个庄严的画廊被誉为战争厅ThissolemngalleryisknownastheHallofBattles.这里展示了许多法国军团ManyFrenchregimentsarerepresentedhere,许多也流传至今includingsomethatstillexisttoday.但是这种制服只流传了几十年Butthisuniformwasonlywornforafewdecades.制服上有火枪手的白色十字标记IthasthewhitecrossoftheMusketeer.电影中Inthemovies,一群随遇而安的火枪手开始了一场探险之旅theMusketeersarehappy-go-luckywarriorsoffonanadventure.波尔多斯Porthos,阿多斯Athos,阿拉米斯Aramis,尚有年轻的达达尼昂在一片欢andtheyoungD’Artagnanthrustandparry在一片欢呼声中获得了胜利theirwaytovictorywithacryof…我为人人oneforall,人人为我andallforone.但是什么是火枪手呢ButwhatwasitreallyliketobeaMusketeer?这就是我们博物馆之谜Thatisourmuseumsecret.故事来源于17世纪的沃子爵府邸Thestorybeginsatthe17thCenturyChateauVaux-le-Vicomte,法国国王路易十四参与奢华派对时whereLouistheFourteenthattendedlavishparties,随行的就是火枪手accompaniedbyhisMusketeers.这些现代剑客是火枪手历史和ThesemodernswordsmenareexpertsintheMusketeers’history决斗技巧方面的专家andfightingtechnique.现今她们批准培训新人Andtodaytheyhaveagreedtotrainanewrecruit.你好!Hello!欢迎来到我的击剑室Welcometomyfencingroom!罗伯:非常感谢Rob:Thankyouverymuch,我叫罗伯I’mRob.见到你很开心Nicetomeetyou.我是米歇尔…Michel…罗伯特·迈尔斯在三个火枪手中RobertMylesisanactorwho’sgoingtoplayD’Artagnan扮演达达尼昂intheThreeMusketeers.罗伯:今天要学点什么呢Rob:Sowhatarewegoingtobedoingtodaythen?米歇尔:我们要学习如何像火枪手同样打斗Michel:We’regoingtolearnhowtofightlikeaMusketeer!哦Ah,听起来不错soundsgoodtome.在这里作为一名英国演员TobehereasaBritishactor,和这些法国人对决fightingtheseFrench,她们都是擂台格斗赛的前世界冠军formerworldchampionstagecombatfighters,这样的机会不多见youdon’tgetopportunitieslikethatveryoften,说实话tobehonest,我真的特别但愿我能充足好好运用好这次机会andI’mreallyhopingthatIcanmakethemostofit.罗伯也但愿能学习到Robalsohopestolearnsomethingabout火枪手作为常人的一面theMusketeersaspeople.事实上达达尼昂的虚构形象ItturnsoutthatthefictionalD’Artagnan来源于加斯科涅历史上的一位贵族wasbasedonarealnoblemanfromGascony,这个地方以盛产热血勇士闻名aregionfamedforproducingfierywarriors.达达尼昂作为一种一般人是什么样的WhatabouttheattitudeofD’Artagnanasaperson?她喜欢打斗吗Didhelikefighting?她打斗与否由于她迫不得已Didhedoitbecausehehadto?我是达达尼昂IamD’Artagnan.你是达达尼昂YouareD’Artagnan,好吧okay.如果我这样做…IfIdothis…好吧Okay,那她是喜欢争斗sohewantstofight.是的Yes,很易怒非常易怒quicktoanger.Veryquicktoanger.好Okay,这是条好新闻that’sgoodstufftoknow.是不是和她的家乡有关Andisthatbecauseofwherehecomesfrom?与否能看出加斯科涅的痕迹IsthataGascontrait?噢Oh,好吧okay.我明白了Isee.现实中Inreality,同电影中呈现的同样asinthemovies,火枪手们被训炼练成了让人闻风丧胆的剑客Musketeerstrainedtobedeadlyswordsmen.打到了我这里Gotmethere.绝对是个错误害我性命不保Absolutelymadeamistakeanditcostmemylife.好莱坞的火枪手Hollywood’sMusketeers和红衣主教的教徒争斗sparwiththeCardinal’smen多数只是了为了引人发笑andtheirexploitsareoftenplayedforlaughs.真正的火枪手有更严肃的使命TherealMusketeershadamoreseriousmission.她们制服上的十字架代表着她们的圣召Thecrossesontheiruniformssymbolizedtheirholycalling.她们是君主的护卫Theyweretheking’sbodyguards,也就是上帝的护卫whichmadethemgod’sbodyguards.每一种火枪手都宣誓用生命EveryMusketeersworetoprotect保护神王的安危hisgod-kingwithhislife.当君主参与社交活动时Whenthekingattendedsocialfunctions,像城堡的派对liketheonesatthischateau,她收受到潜在刺客的威胁hefacedpotentialthreatsfromassassins.她的火枪手随时Atanysecond,她的火枪手都将受到考验hisMusketeersmightbeputtothetest.阿拉米斯Aramis,无论如何whateveryoudo,不要杀她don’tkillhim!我来告诉你如何成为一名火枪手I’llshowyouhowtobeaMusketeer.这是我爸爸的剑Thisismyfather’ssword!要想扮演真正的火枪手ToreallyplayaMusketeerasisrequired,并符合公众心中的形象andasthepublicpicturesit,罗伯需要更加凶猛的招式和无穷的能量Robneedstohavemoredramaticmovementsandenergy.但我不紧张ButI’mnotworried,我觉得她会成为一名优秀的火枪手Ithinkhewillmakeagoodmusketeerif,再来一次onceagain,我们来教她加斯科涅的技巧weteachhimthetechniquefromGascony.罗伯开始觉得火枪手的毕生其乐无穷Robisstartingtothinkthatthelifeofamusketeerwouldhavebeengreatfun,就像电影里演的同样justlikeinthemovies.我为人人人人为我(法语)Unpourtous!(Oneforallandallforone!)但她不懂得的是Butwhathedoesn’tknowisthat当路易十四宣战的时候whenLouistheFourteenthdeclaredwar,一切都变了everythingchanged.为理解状况Tounderstandwhathappened,罗伯参观了凡尔赛的战争厅RobvisitsVersailles’HallofBattles拜访了历史学家哈尔维·德维拉tomeethistorian,HervéDrévillon.她们的使命Theirmission,一方面first,是保护国王的安全wastoprotecttheking'slife.但是她们的使命也涉及参战Buttheyalsohadthemissiontofightinbattles.在她们的旗帜上Ontheirflag,你能看到一枚炸弹正在坠落youcanseeabombfalling.她们的标语是Andthemottowas“所经之地所向披靡”"Wheretheyfall,thedeathisrunningwiththem."我明白了Isee.好的Okay.好吧Right.是这样Yes.就是只要她们浮现…Sowherevertheygo...就会所向披靡deathfollowswiththem.是的Right.哇Wow.真是圣言Biblical.作为国王的护卫Astheking’smen,人们盼望她们是最勇敢theywereexpectedtobethebravest–最能引领人们的领袖andtheonestoleadthecharge.她们常常被称为敢死队Theywereoftencalledenfantsperdus,迷失的孩子lostchildren.迷失的孩子?Lostchildren?真的吗Really?是的Yes.她们被这样称呼Theywerecalledso是由于在战争中有非常高的死亡率becausetherewasaveryhighrateoflossesduringthefight.电影中Inthemovies,达达尼昂最后完毕了自己的使命thestoryendswithD’Artagnanreceivinghiscommission…成为了真正的火枪手andamusket.现实中Inreallife,达达尼昂被火枪击中喉咙D’Artagnangotamusket-ballthroughthethroat死于战场anddiedonthebattlefield.诸多的火枪手在保卫神王的战斗中死去Somanymusketeerswerelostdefendingtheir‘god-king’而路易十四最后裁减了这支军团thatLouistheFourteenthretiredthenameofthecompany.说到这Comingintothis,很显然obviously,仅从流行文化中理解达达尼昂是不够的withonlyanunderstandingofD'Artagnanfrompopculture,我确信自己目前能呈现不同样的达达尼昂it'sreallyshownmehowIcanmaybedoitdifferently或许打破我来这之前的想法andperhapschangetheperformance做出不同的表演thatIwasintendingtogivepriortocominghere.一种黑暗的Adarker,励志的达达尼昂或许是时势所需…grittierD’Artagnanmaybejustwhatisneeded…带领火枪手走向新时代torevivetheMusketeerfranchiseforanewgeneration.接下来是…Upnext–国王情妇的神秘之死themysteriousdeathofaking’smistress.在凡尔赛宫AtthePalaceofVersailles,法国国王基于巩固政治同盟的需要来选择妻子thekingsofFrancechosetheirwivestoenhancepoliticalalliances并选择王位继承人andproduceheirstothethrone.但是为了爱情和肉体欢愉Butforlove,andforsexualpleasure,国王将目光投向了…kingslookedelsewhere…宫廷外的女子totheladies-in-waitingoftheircourt.法国历史上最出名的凡尔赛宫情妇…SomeofthemostfamousmistressesinFrenchhistorygracedVersailles–蓬巴杜夫人MadamedePompadour,杜巴丽夫人MadameduBarry,和路易斯第十四的蒙特斯潘夫人andLouistheFourteenth’sMadamedeMontespan.蒙特斯潘夫人是当时拥有绝顶智慧和美貌的女子Shewasenormouslycleverandthegreatestbeautyofhergeneration.她富有激情Shewasextremelypassionate,光彩夺人extremelyglamorous.赌博时犹如酩酊大醉的士兵Shegambledlikeadrunkensoldier行床第笫之事时犹如巴黎的放荡女andmadelovelikeaParisianwhore.她的个性非常鲜明Shewasreallyaquiteextraordinarycharacter.作为国王的情妇Anditwasn'tconsideredatallscandalous并不被觉得是可耻的行径tobetheloveroftheking.私生子不可避免Theinevitableillegitimatechildren国王的多情suchliaisonsproduced被视为男性气概werewelcomedasproofofaking’svirility.但有一段时间Buttherewasatime情妇的身份是可耻的whenitwasscandaloustobeamistress.在动乱的十五世纪Intheturbulent15thCentury,法国大部分地区被英国侵占muchofFrancewasoccupiedbytheEnglish.法国国王TheFrenchKing,查理七世CharlestheSeventh,被迫同她的王庭一起wasforcedtofleewithhiscourt从巴黎逃到了卢瓦尔河谷fromParistotheLoirevalley.虽然查理有妻儿AlthoughCharleshadawifeandchildren,但她为此外一位女子所倾倒hewastransfixedbythearrivalofanewlady这名女子叫阿涅丝·索蕾inwaitingnamedAgnesSorel.查理带阿涅丝上了她的床CharlestookAgnestohisbed.但是当了国王6六年的情妇后Butafter6yearsastheking’smistress,这位年轻的女子忽然身亡死因不明theyoungwomandroppeddeadofunknowncauses.阿涅丝·索蕾究竟怎么死的HowdidAgnesSoreldie?有留下证明其死因的证据吗?Anddidsheleaveamarkonhistory?这些就是我们的博物馆之谜Thoseareourmuseumsecrets.在今天的法国InFrancetoday,法医界的古病理学家thereisnohistorydetectivemoreaccomplished菲利浦·查理thanforensicpaleo-pathologist,是还原历史的最佳人选PhilippeCharlier.我的工作是进行法医尸检Myjobisdoingforensicautopsies.因此我必须采集所有的样品SoIhavetotakeallthesesamples,进行分析以调查死因toanalyzetheminordertosaywhatisthecauseofdeath,死亡发生时的周边环境是什么样whatisthecircumstancesofdeath,死亡方式themannerofdeath.我就像医生同样I'mlikeadoctor,但是一名”太晚”的医生buta"toolate"doctor.近来Recently,查理到理彻斯小镇CharlierwenttothetownofLoches来调查阿涅丝·索蕾的死因toinvestigatethedeathofAgnesSorel.有人猜想她最后的停留位置就是在小镇的Somesuspectedthatherfinalrestingplacewashere,这座中世纪教堂里inthismedievalchurch.圣坛旁边Besidethealtar是一副石棺thereisasarcophagus上有一种带翅膀的天使withthewingsofanangel一行小字写着”美丽女子”andaninscriptionthatreads“thewomanofbeauty.”因此我们想进行尸检Sowewantedtoexhumethebody,检查尸体的残留物orwhatremainofthebody,一方面拟定这个物质的性质andtofirstconfirmtheidentityofthisindividualthentry,再有也许的话ifpossible,查明这个女子的死因tofindthecauseofdeathforthiswoman.埋葬的骨灰盒里是一种人类头骨。Theburialurncontainedahumanskull.牙齿分析表白死者是一名年轻女性Analysisoftheteethrevealeditwasthatofayoungwoman.面部特性与阿涅丝·索蕾安吉里斯·索瑞尔相符AndfacialreconstructionmatchedthelikenessofAgnesSorel.她的石棺埋葬在城堡的附近Hercoffinisnextdoortothecastle也是她度过她生命最后几年的地方whereshespentthelastyearsofherlife.在这里Here,她给查理国王生了三个子女sheboreKingCharlesthreechildren,也在潮流发展史上绽放了自己的光彩andalsomadehermarkonthehistoryoffashion.她身穿非常有名的蕾丝裙子Sheworeoneofthesefamouslacedresses凸显了她得天独厚的身材thatallowedhertoshowoffhermagnificentbosom.阿涅丝把此前妓女的打扮风格带到了宫廷Agnesbroughtastyleformerlyreservedforprostitutestotheking’scourt.但她不是单纯的花瓶Butshewasn’tjusteyecandy.她对政治有着强烈的爱好Shetookakeeninterestinpolitics.阿涅丝理解到法国同英国的战争前景堪忧AgneslearnedthatthewarwiththeEnglishwasgoingbadly,由于她最爱的国王为了支付军队费用花光了钱becauseherbelovedkinghadrunoutofmoney支付军队费用花光了钱topayhistroops.她用自身魅力说服有钱的贵族增援国王Sheusedherconsiderablecharmtoconvincerichnoblestobacktheking.运用美貌的优势Withouttakingundueadvantageofherstunninglooks,她资助了查理七世的军队shemadeitpossibleforCharlesVIItofinancehiscampaign.有了这些资源Withtheseresources,查理打败了英国CharlesdefeatedtheEnglish保卫了边境的安宁andsecuredhisborders.为向阿涅丝表达感谢ToshowAgneshisappreciation,查理做出了法国君主从没有过的举动thekingdidsomethingnoFrenchkinghaddonebefore:她封阿涅丝为”皇室情妇”Hemadeherhis‘officialmistress’.这名皇室情妇在宫廷里立即上任Theofficialmistresswaseffectivelyajobatcourt.她有自己的寝殿Shewouldhaveherownapartment.她有自己的仆人Shewouldhaveherownservants.她有权接见拜访Shewouldreceivevisitsinherownright犹如宫廷里其她权贵同样asasignificantmemberofthecourt.教廷高层非常震惊Churchelderswerehorrified卑微的情妇居然拥有如此高的地位thatameremistressshouldbegivensuchhighstatus.查理未受吓唬Undeterred,她做出了更让人出乎意料的举动Charleswentonestepfurther:她公开体现了对阿涅丝的爱意heshowedhisloveforAgnes让她们的子嗣合法化bymakingtheirchildrenlegitimate.这个举动激怒了查理的长子ThisinfuriatedCharles’eldestson,她紧张这会威胁到她的王位继承whofearedthechildrenwouldonedaythreatenhisclaimtothethrone.有也许就是这些人想措施想要除掉她她Itispossiblethatthesepeoplethoughtofwaystogetridofher.她的敌人有理由置她于死地Herenemieshadreasonstowantherdead.但是要发现她被谋杀的证据Buttodiscoverproofthatshewasmurdered,菲利普·查理菲利浦·查理需要通过尸检Dr.PhilippeCharlierneededtodeterminehercauseofdeath,来拟定她的死因byexaminingthephysicalevidence.我们发既有大量的虫卵和寄生虫Wefoundalotofeggsandalotofparasites残留在她的体内insidetheremainsofthebody.查理还检测出少量的汞Charlieralsodetectedsmallamountsofmercury.为什么会有汞Whymercury?我们懂得汞的用途Weknowthatmercurywasused在这个时期durin