试题-语言学试卷七

第第1页NUMPAGES4：年级：年级、班级专业••• •线•英语语言学A —二三四五得Readthefollowingcarefullyandfillineachblank得ONEwordaccordingtowhatyouhavelearnedinlinguisticscourse.（共30分Theapproachthatlanguageandlanguageusearebasedonourbodilyexperienceandthewayweconceptualizeitiscalled Discourse areexpressionsthatarecommonlyusedintheinitialpositionofanutteranceandaresyntacticallydetachablefromasentence.Conversational areakindofextrameaningthatisnotliterallycontainedinutterances.Insemantics, istheresponsibleinitiatorofanThesemanticrelationshipthatthereferentofonetermispartofthereferentofanotheris The functionoflanguagereferstowhatenablesthespeakerorwritertoconstructatextandenablesthehearerorreadertodistinguishatextfromarandomsetofsentences.InTransformationalGrammar, isthecorecomponentandprovidesterativepowerofthemodel.Thefinaldivisionsorcutsinimmediateconstituentysisknownasthe 第第4页共NUMPAGES4 arewordsusedtorefertopeople,objects,creatures,places,events,qualities,phenomenaand ideasasiftheywereall“things”.Theprocessinwhichasuffixisremovedtogetanewwordis Morphemeswhichcannotnormallybeusedbythemselves,butfunctiononlyaspartsofwordsare mayfunctionatboththewordlevelandthesentenceThespeechsoundsthatareproducedwiththetipofthetonguebetweentheupperandthelowerteetharecalled referstofactthatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthemeaningitisassociatedwith.得二．Completeeachstatementbychoosingoneofthefourgivenchoices得whatyouhavelearnedinthelinguisticscourse.(15分Linguisticsisascienceinthatitscientificallystudiestherules,systemsandprinciplesof A. B. C. D. isapropertyoflanguagethatenablespeopletotalkaboutthingsremoteeitherinspaceortime. B. C. D.AccordingtoChomsky,competencereferstotheknowledge speakershaveoftheirlanguageasasystemofformalrelations.A. B.second C. D.Thesoundsproducedwiththevibrationofthevocalcords A. B. C. D.Phonologicalknowledgeenablesustoproduceallthe differentsoundsofa B. C. D.••：••：年级、班级专业 6. canformasyllableontheirownortheycanbe• centerofa•A. B. C. D. arephonologicalororthographicvariationsofthesamemorpheme.A. B. C. D. is constituentofaclause,anditthestartingpointofthe whatisgoingtobeA. B. C. D.Theviewthatthemeaningofanexpressioniswhatitrefersto,namesiscalled A. B. C. D. proposedtheSpeechActA. B. C. D.The Principlerunsasfollows:Minimizetheexpressionsofimpolitebeliefsand izetheexpressionsofpolitebeliefs.A. B. C. D. Theinformationthattheaddresserbelievesisknowntotheaddresseeis A. B. C. D. referstothegrammaticaland/orlexicalrelationshipsbetweenthe ementsofaA. B. C. D.CAstandsfor A. B. C. D.Aconceptual consistsoftwoconceptual inwhichone isunderstoodintermsofanother.A. B. C. D.得三．Readeachofthefollowingcarefully得PhonemesaremeaningfulunitsofTherearenototalsynonymsinInapairofcomplementaryantonyms,thenegativeofoneimpliespositiveoftheother.ImmediateconstituentysishasnoM.A.K.HallidaydevelopedthesystemicfunctionalTherootofawordisalwaysthesameastheInhyponymy,ahyponymentailsthePresuppositioncanremainconstantundernegationThegiven/newcontrastisthesameas ment Somecategorylevelsarecalledsuperordinatelevels,whichmeanhigherlevelsormoregenerallevels.得四．Definethetermsbelow(15得illocutionary得 havelearnedinthelinguisticscourse(共20得Explainwhythesentencebelowis*PetereatsapieceofstoneforMarkthethemeineachofthefollowingJohnhasreadthisThispoemJohnhasThispoemhasbeenreadbyInevening