高考英语语法复习-动词的语态课件

动词的语态来安县半塔中学

梅崇兵

高考英语语法复习动词的语态【考点概述】英语动词有主动和被动两种语态，并且只有及物动词或及物动词短语才有被动语态。高考仍然坚持在具体语境中综合考查各种时态的语态，考查含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用；考查主动形式表被动意义的运用。【真题体验】1.(09上海卷，36)Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people___nottotouchanyunattendedbag.A.hadalwaysbeenwarnedB.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarningD.alwayswarned2.(09湖南卷，27）Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport____andIwanttolisten.A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast3.(05重庆卷，29)Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused4.（04全国卷，28）Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto___beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange9.(08江西卷,32)——Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?——Yes,weshould,forwesuchbadluckuptillnow,andtimeout.A.havehad;isrunningB.had;isrunningC.have;hasbeenrunD.havehad;hasbeenrun10.(08江苏卷,28)——Whydoyousuggestwebuyanewmachine?——Becausetheoldonehasbeendamaged.A.beyondreachB.beyondrepairC.beyondcontrolD.beyonddescriptionKey:1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B6.C7.C8.B9.A10.B【考点扫描】考点一：被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者如：真题1bealwaysdoingsth，“总是/老是做……”此处指人们总是被提醒，且没有必要指出是谁来提醒；又因事情发生在过去的一段时间内，故答案为B。又如：（04湖北卷，33）——GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?——No,Ihadn’tbeeninvited.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?2.需要强调或突出动作承受者或事件本身如真题2这是突出天气预报正在播出。答案为B。3.文章标题、广告、新闻中如真题3昨晚一场横扫英格兰北部的风暴已经造成了几百万英镑的损失。损失是截止到目前为止的结果，故选A项。4.当动作的执行者不是人时如（04上海卷，30）Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.考点二：短语动词或含有情态动词的被动语态1.短语动词作谓语只需将动词变成被动语态其余的词不变，尤其注意后有介词的一定要加上。如：Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.Thepooraretakengoodcareofbythegovernment.2.含有情态动词的被动语态（谓语的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词）如：Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.（06湖北卷，31）Shouldyoubefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.考点三：“get+-ed分词”构成的被动语态动词get有时也可跟及物动词的过去分词一起构成被动语态，这种结构侧重于动作的结果；如：（07北京卷，32）Igotcaughtintherainandmysuithasbeenruined.又如真题4getchanged意为“换衣服”。故答案为A。考点四：用主动语态表被动含义的几种情况1.表示状态特征的连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste等构成的系表结构。如：Theblackboardfeelssmooth.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.又如真题5theflowerssmellingsweet闻起来很香的花。答案为B。真题6Thewaterfeltcool.水摸起来很凉。答案为C。2.表示主语（主语是事物）的一般性质或特征的动词如：cut,tear,read,write,wash,sell,open,dry，shut,lock等。这类动词常带有副词描述,如well,perfectly,easily等。如：Thecoatdrieseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thebookisdifficult(forme)tounderstand.Theworkeriseasytogetalongwith.如真题8可以理解为“Themorningairissogoodformetobreathe.”因此答案为B项。6.不定式作名词的后置定语与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.I’llgivethechildrensomegoodbookstoread.7.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语fit,have,wish,agreewith,arriveat/in,succeedin,happento,belongto,takepartin等。如：Thisbookbelongstome.不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态，如：happen,takeplace,breakout，cometrue,runout等。【考点训练】一、单项填空1.(08湖南卷,35)——Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?——Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary...A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered2.（08浙江卷）——What’sthatnoise?——Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested3.（08北京卷，29）Nodecision______aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade7.(04江苏卷,26)Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated8.(06四川卷,22)Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026____offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken9.(08重庆卷,31)He____asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics.A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded10.(08安徽卷,33)IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_____manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught11.（08陕西卷，15）——Didyougototheshowlastnight?——Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_____invited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was12.（09全国卷Ⅰ，26）Hissisterlefthomein1998,andsince______.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof13.（09江苏卷，25）——Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?——Sorry._______.A.It’srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired14.(09四川卷,15)——Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?——Thebridgetoit________.A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired15.（09福建卷，22）——WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?——Becauselargequantitiesofwater_______.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted二、用所给动词的适当形式填空16.Themomentthe29thOlympicGames______(declare)open,thewholeworldcheered.17.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_________(hold),someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.18.——Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?——No,sir.I______(read)anewspaper.19.——Hi!Whereareyougoing?——What’swrong?——Theroadrepairs_______(not,complete).20.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_____(repair)atthegarage.21.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey____(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.22.Althoughthecausesofcancer______(uncover),wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.23.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe_____(work)onitformorethananhour.24.ThefirstalbummadebyShaniaTwain___(sell)tenmillioncopies.25.Suchcrimesmaybesocomplexthatmonthsoryearsgobybeforeanyone_____(discover)them.【考点训练答案】一、单项填空1.C.此题考查时态与语态。if引导条件状语从句要用一般时表将来。故应排除掉B、D两选项；另由于被给予要用被动态，故又排除A项。故答案选C。2.C.本题考查被动语态。这里表示新机器正在检验，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。3.A.句意：直到对所有候选人进行面试之后才能对将来的任命做出决定。根据句意主语从句的动作发生在将来。4.D.by意为“到……为止”。by后加过去时间，主句用过去完成时，如by后加现在时间，用现在完成时，如by后加将来时，主句要用将来完成时。bytheendoflastyear常与过去完成时连用。表示到过去某个时候前已完成的动作。5.D.根据Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.说明电影：正在建设之中，所以从时态上讲是进行时；另外从语态上讲为被动语态。6.C.betoblame意为“该受责备，对某坏事应付责任”，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?（这个事故是哪个司机的责任？）doyouthink为插入语，不影响whoistoblame的结构